战争与和平(上)-第339章

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cy　and　his　magnanimity；　and　after　writing　a　letter　to　the　Emperor　Alexander；　in　which　he　considers　it　his　duty　to　inform　his　friend　and　brother　that　Rastoptchin　had　performed　his　duties　very　badly　in　Moscow；　he　despatches　Yakovlev　with　it　to　Petersburg。
Expounding　his　views　and　his　magnanimity　with　equal　minuteness　to　Tutolmin；　he　despatches　that　old　man　too　to　Petersburg　to　open　negotiations。
On　the　judicial　side；　orders　were　issued；　immediately　after　the　fires　broke　out；　for　the　guilty　persons　to　be　found　and　executed。　And　the　miscreant　Rastoptchin　was　punished　by　the　order　to　set　fire　to　his　houses。
On　the　administrative　side；　Moscow　was　presented　with　a　constitution。　A　municipal　council　was　instituted；　and　the　following　proclamation　was　issued：—
“CITIZENS　OF　MOSCOW！
“Your　misfortunes　have　been　cruel；　but　his　majesty　the　Emperor　and　King　wishes　to　put　an　end　to　them。　Terrible　examples　have　shown　you　how　he　punishes　crime　and　breach　of　discipline。　Stern　measures　have　been　taken　to　put　an　end　to　disorder　and　to　restore　public　security。　A　paternal　council；　chosen　from　among　yourselves；　will　compose　your　municipality　or　town　council。　It　will　care　for　you；　for　your　needs　and　your　interests。　The　members　of　it　will　be　distinguished　by　a　red　ribbon；　which　they　will　wear　across　the　shoulder；　and　the　mayor　will　wear　a　white　sash　over　it。　But　except　when　discharging　their　duties；　they　will　wear　only　a　red　ribbon　round　the　left　arm。
“The　city　police　are　established　on　their　former　footing；　and　they　are　already　restoring　order。　The　government　has　appointed　two　general　commissioners；　or　superintendents　of　police；　and　twenty　commissioners；　or　police　inspectors；　stationed　in　the　different　quarters　of　the　town。　You　will　recognise　them　by　the　white　ribbon　they　will　wear　round　the　left　arm。　Several　churches　of　various　denominations　have　been　opened；　and　divine　service　is　performed　in　them　without　hindrance。　Your　fellow…citizens　are　returning　every　day　to　their　dwellings；　and　orders　have　been　given　that　they　should　find　in　them　the　aid　and　protection　due　to　misfortune。　These　are　the　measures　which　the　government　has　adopted　to　restore　order　and　alleviate　your　position；　but　to　attain　that　end；　it　is　necessary　that　you　should　unite　your　efforts　with　them；　should　forget；　if　possible；　the　misfortunes　you　have　suffered；　should　look　hopefully　at　a　fate　that　is　not　so　cruel；　should　believe　that　a　shameful　death　inevitably　awaits　those　guilty　of　violence　against　your　persons　or　your　deserted　property；　and　consequently　leaves　no　doubt　that　they　will　be　preserved；　since　such　is　the　will　of　the　greatest　and　most　just　of　monarchs。　Soldiers　and　citizens　of　whatever　nation　you　may　be！　Restore　public　confidence；　the　source　of　the　prosperity　of　a　state；　live　like　brothers；　give　mutual　aid　and　protection　to　one　another；　unite　in　confounding　the　projects　of　the　evil…minded；　obey　the　civil　and　military　authorities；　and　your　tears　will　soon　cease　to　flow。”
On　the　commissariat　side；　Napoleon　issued　orders　for　all　the　troops　to　enter　Moscow　in　turn；　à　la　maraude；　to　gather　supplies　for　themselves；　so　that　in　that　way　the　army　was　provided　with　supplies　for　the　future。
On　the　religious　side；　Napoleon　ordered　the　priests　to　be　brought　back；　and　services　to　be　performed　again　in　the　churches。
With　a　view　to　encouraging　commerce　and　providing　supplies　for　the　troops；　the　following　notice　was　placarded　everywhere：—
“PROCLAMATION。
“You；　peaceable　inhabitants　of　Moscow；　artisans；　and　working　men；　who　have　been　driven　out　of　the　city　by　the　disturbance；　and　you；　scattered　tillers　of　the　soil；　who　are　still　kept　in　the　fields　by　groundless　terror；　hear！　Tranquillity　is　returning　to　this　capital；　and　order　is　being　restored　in　it。　Your　fellow…countrymen　are　coming　boldly　out　of　their　hiding…places；　seeing　that　they　are　treated　with　respect。　Every　act　of　violence　against　them　or　their　property　is　promptly　punished。　His　Majesty　the　Emperor　and　King　protects　them；　and　he　reckons　none　among　you　his　enemies　but　such　as　disobey　his　commands。　He　wishes　to　put　an　end　to　your　trouble；　and　to　bring　you　back　to　your　homes　and　your　families。　Co…operate　with　his　beneficent　designs　and　come　to　us　without　apprehension。　Citizens！　Return　with　confidence　to　your　habitations；　you　will　soon　find　the　means　of　satisfying　your　needs！　Artisans　and　industrious　handicraftsmen！　Return　to　your　employment；　houses；　shops；　and　guards　to　protect　them　are　awaiting　you；　and　you　will　receive　the　payment　due　to　you　for　your　toil！　And　you；　too；　peasants；　come　out　of　the　forests　where　you　have　been　hiding　in　terror；　return　without　fear　to　your　huts　in　secure　reliance　on　finding　protection。　Markets　have　been　established　in　the　city；　where　peasants　can　bring　their　spare　stores　and　country　produce。　The　government　has　taken　the　following　measures　to　secure　freedom　of　sale　for　them：　（1）　From　this　day　forward；　peasants；　husbandmen；　and　inhabitants　of　the　environs　of　Moscow　can；　without　any　danger；　bring　their　goods　of　any　kind　to　two　appointed　markets—namely；　the　Mohovaya　and　the　Ohotny　Ryad。　（2）　Goods　shall　be　bought　from　them　at　such　a　price　as　seller　and　buyer　shall　agree　upon　together；　but　if　the　seller　cannot　get　what　he　asks　for　as　a　fair　price；　he　will　be　at　liberty　to　take　his　goods　back　to　his　village；　and　no　one　can　hinder　his　doing　so　on　any　pretext　whatever。　（3）　Every　Sunday　and　Wednesday　are　fixed　for　weekly　market　days：　to　that　end　a　sufficient　number　of　troops　will　be　stationed　on　Tuesdays　and　Saturdays　along　all　the　high　roads　at　such　a　distance　from　the　town　as　to　protect　the　carts　coming　in。　（4）　Similar　measures　will　be　taken　that　the　peasants　with　their　carts　and　horses　may　meet　with　no　hindrance　on　their　homeward　way。　（5）　Steps　will　be　immediately　taken　to　re…establish　the　ordinary　shops。
“Inhabitants　of　the　city　and　of　the　country；　and　you　workmen　and　handicraftsmen　of　whatever　nationality　you　may　be！　You　are　called　upon　to　carry　out　the　paternal　designs　of　his　majesty　the　Emperor　and　King；　and　to　co…operate　with　him　for　the　public　welfare。　Lay　your　respect　and　confidence　at　his　feet；　and　do　not　delay　to　unite　with　us！”
With　a　view　to　keeping　up　the　spirits　of　the　troops　and　the　people；　reviews　were　continually　being　held；　and　rewards　were　distributed。
The　Emperor　rode　about　the　streets　and　entertained　the　inhabitants；　and　in　spite　of　his　preoccupation　with　affairs　of　state；　visited　in　person　the　theatre　set　up　by　his　orders。
As　regards　philanthropy；　too—the　fairest　jewel　in　the　conqueror’s　crown—Napoleon　did　everything　that　lay　within　him。　On　the　benevolent　institutions　he　ordered　the　inscription　to　be　put　up；　“Maison　de　ma　mère；”　thereby　combining　a　touching　filial　sentiment　with　a　monarch’s　grandeur　of　virtue。　He　visited　the　Foundling　Home；　and　as　he　gave　the　orphans　he　had　saved　his　white　hands　to　kiss；　he　conversed　graciously　with　Tutolmin。　Then；　as　Thiers　eloquently　recounts；　he　ordered　his　soldiers’　pay　to　be　distributed　among　them　in　the　false　Russian　notes　he　had　counterfeited：—
“Reinforcing　the　use　of　these　methods　by　an　act　worthy　of　him　and　of　the　French　army；　he　had　assistance　distributed　to　those　who　had　suffered　loss　from　the　fire。　But　as　provisions　were　too　precious　to　be　given　to　strangers；　mostly　enemies；　Napoleon　preferred　to　furnish　them　with　money　for　them　to　provide　themselves　from　without；　and　ordered　paper　roubles　to　be　distributed　among　them。”
With　a　view　to　maintaining　discipline　in　the　army；　orders　were　continually　being　issued　for　severely　punishing　nonfulfilment　of　military　duty　and　for　putting　an　end　to　pillaging。


Chapter　10
BUT；　strange　to　say；　all　these　arrangements；　these　efforts　and　plans；　which　were　no　whit　inferior　to　those　that　had　been　made　on　similar　occasions　before；　never　touched　the　root　of　the　matter；　like　the　hands　on　the　face　of　a　clock；　when　detached　from　the　mechanism；　they　turned　aimlessly　and　arbitrarily；　without　catching　the　wheels。
The　plan　of　campaign；　that　work　of　genius；　of　which　Thiers　says；　that　his　genius　never　imagined　anything　more　profound；　more　skilful；　and　more　admirable；　and　entering　into　a　polemical　discussion　with　M。　Fenn；　proves　that　the　composition　of　this　work　of　genius　is　to　be　referred；　not