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第4章

2006年考研英语新题型40篇-第4章

小说: 2006年考研英语新题型40篇 字数: 每页4000字

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    但是国家机构的含义不一定是指这一点。它还可意味着各省之间联合起来创建一个机构。不管是何种含义,如果可能的话,成立一个国家机构的好处之一就是能够通过谈判从医药生产商那里获得更优惠的价格。原来是一个省或省内的几家医院针对该省清单上的某种药物议价,而现在这个国家机构可以代表各省来议价。比方说,魁北克省只能代表700万公民议价,取而代之的是这个国家机构代表3;100万加拿大人进行谈判。基础经济学表明,潜在的客户越多,获得更优惠价格的可能性就越大。    
    43)当然,医药公司就会高声欢呼了。他们喜欢散客买家,那样他们可以更好地为自己的利益而进行游说。他们可能会以要把一个省的工作机会转移到另一个省来进行威胁。他们可能会认为如果一个省的药单上包括了一种药,就会迫使其他的省把这种药也填在药单上,他们不会喜欢全国性代理机构。但是,由于利益的驱使,他们又不得不与它打交道。    
    由渥太华和各省出资成立了加拿大医疗技术评估协调办公室,这意味着向成立国家机构迈进了一小步。在这个办公室下有一个公共药品评估机构,它向各省推荐应该在清单上增加的新药。不出所料,魁北克省拒绝加入这个机构,这是个遗憾。    
    一些省府官员们对于联邦政府和省之间的交易感到怀疑。他们(尤其是魁北克省和阿尔伯特省)只想让渥太华额外支付上几十亿加元,但自己却不承担任何责任(如果他们有责任的话)。这就是为什么提出一个国家药物清单的想法得不到落实,而药品价格却不断上涨。    
    44)所以如果某些省想操控医疗福利事业,他们就必须证明自己有这种能力,他们必须开一张省际单子来终止重复,他们还必须节约管理成本,防止各省之间的争斗,而且还要尽量争取更合理的药价。    
    官员们喜欢有选择地引用罗马诺先生的报告,特别是有关联邦资金的部分。也许他们应该读读他们不得不说的有关药物的部分了:“为了抑制不断上涨的药价,一个国家药物机构会让政府对医药公司施加更大的影响。”    
    45)或者他们可以看一看科尔比的报告:“这样一个机构的巨大购买力,会进一步加强实施公众处方药保险计划,以保证以可能的最低价格从药厂买药。”    
    因此当官员们聚集在尼亚加拉瀑布城开会陈述他们的抱怨清单时,他们应该在自己的权限范围内开始做些有利于他们的预算及病人的事情。     
    五、 语段选搭题专项突破练习    
    Exercise 1    
    Part B    
    Directions:    
    In the following text; some sentences have been removed。 For Questions 4145; choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks。 There are two extra choices; which do not fit in any of the blanks。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (10 points)     
    We might marvel at the process made in every field of study; but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were。 It really is extraordinary that after all these years; educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations。 For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know; it is mon knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite。 41) 。    
    As anxietymakers; examinations are second to none。 That is because so much depends on them。 They are the mark of success of failure in our society。 Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day。 42) 。 No one can give off his best when he is in mortal terror; or after a sleepless night; yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do。    
    43) 。    
    A good education should; among other things; train you to think for yourself。 The examination system does anything but that。 What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus; so the student is encouraged to memorize。 Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely; but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge; but induce cramming。 They lower the standards of teaching; for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms。 44) 。    
    The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner。 Examiners are only human。 They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes。 Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time。 They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates。 And their word carries weight。 After a judges decision you have the right of appeal; but not after an examiners。    
    45) 。 Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis。 The best ment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘ I were a teenage dropout and now I are a teenage millionaire。     
    [A] Every class at school requires homework; quizzes; tests; and finally; a final exam。 We take exams to prove ourselves — to prove we have advanced our education。    
    [B] There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a persons true abilities。    
    [C] Stress has hit an eleven on the onetoten scale during examinations。 Stress is not healthy; and it makes everyone angry。 The last thing I remember when I go back to school is exams。 Is the school trying aversion therapy on its student?    
    [D] The moment a child begins school; he enters a world of vicious petition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured。 Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘dropouts: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?    
    [E] It doesnt matter that you werent feeling very well; or that your mother died。 Little things like that dont count: the exam goes on。    
    [F] They may be a good means of testing memory; or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure; but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude。    
    [G] Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects; they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise。 The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under stress。    
    答案与解析    
    41【答案】F    
    【解析】第41题位于文章第一段的末尾。这同样是一篇结构规范的短文,作者在第一段叙述一些事实后必然要表明自己的立场,而根据全文内容,作者是不赞成用考试来衡量个人能力的,选项F中的“。。。; but 。。。”正是前文“opposite”所表示的具体内容。由此可见正确答案是F,“考试可能是检验记忆力,或者在极度紧张的情况下发现快速工作窍门的好方法。但是它不能告诉你一个人的真正能力和智能究竟怎样。”    
    42【答案】E    
    【解析】第42题位于文章第二段的段中。做本题的关键时把握空白处所处的上下文语境。本段是在对考试进行贬责,而且一定需要大家抓住的是空白之后的文字有一层批评的意味,由此可见只有E是最合适的。”    
    43【答案】D    
    【解析】第43题是文章的第三段。从选项来观察,好像没有一个能够承上启下的句子,因此可以依据先难后易的原则暂时搁置本题,最后通读全文即得出答案D。    
    44【答案】G    
    【解析】第44题在文章的第四段段中。这很明显的是要求大家观察上下文,找出中心词。那么根据本段内容可以比较容易的得出正确答案是G。    
    45【答案】B    
    【解析】第45题位于文章最后一段的段首,这是对文章主旨的再加工,那么作者在“考试不是最佳检验手段”这一观点的基础上得出B,“这样的观点是很自然的,评判一个人真实的能力肯定有很多更简单和跟有效的方法。”    
    


第一章阅读理解B节题型:技巧与实战第二节选考题型之二语段排序题

    一、大纲解读     
    语段排序题是在一篇长度约为500~600词的文章中,各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序,其中2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。这就要求考生在阅读各个段落时要把握它们的中心大意,并且将各段的段落大意整合,理清它们之间的逻辑顺序。这类题的命题思路与上一节的语段选搭题的命题思路有很好的承接性,考生要用心体会。    
    二、基础知识必备     
    英语好文章,一般都单刀直入、一贯到底,思想脉络分明,论理清晰明确。英语文章有这样的特点关键在于段落是构建在一个以“主题”(TOPIC)为核心的基础上。全段以此为中心,进行逻辑发展,结果自然是内容“单一”,也“连贯”了。阅读文章时,必须通过分辨主题句、找关键词等捕捉文章的主题意义。必须明确文章的单一性,以便自己在读的过程中去思考、去分析,归纳、总结段落所涉及到的各个信息如何为文章的主题服务,使文章的主题更明了、更突出。段落的主题明确了,那么阐述说明主题的细节在段落中是如何衔接在一起的,使之成为一段连贯的、有意义的文字。作者一方面运用一些具体的连续手段,使句与句之间像链索一样衔接在一起,同时作者也运用逻辑关系使其所有的思想有逻辑

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