走进我的交易室 中英对照版-第87章
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比如,只要有上涨的大波动,专业人士觉得卖看跌期权就像是在印钞票。持相反观点的人,持批评态度的人,持快到头了的人,常年来一直买入看跌期权,一直亏钱,但是突然崩盘了,买家终于迎来了阳光灿烂的日子。常年来,靠他们赚钱的专业人士迎来了审判日——动作快的可以生存,但是要等动作慢的先走。
A trader can grow fat and greedy writing naked options; selling useless contracts created out of thin air and pocketing profits。 A smug feeling of self…satisfaction blinds people to reality。 Naked positions in options need to be protected by stops and money management rules。
无标的证券期权发行人可以赚很多钱,还变得贪婪,不断凭空卖出没有价值的期权赚钱。被自满蒙蔽了现实。发行无标的证券期权也要止损,也要资金管理的原则。
Use a mental stop…loss on the underlying security。 Set a stop on the underlying stock; future; or index and not on the price of your option。 Buy back that option if the underlying security reaches your stop level。 For example; if you sell a naked 80 call on a stock trading at 70; place your stop at 77。 Get out of your naked option position before it gets into the money by crossing its exercise price。
思想止损。为相对的股票,期货或股指期货止损,不是给期权止损。如果相对的证券到了止损点,你要买回期权。比如,如果你卖出无标的证券看涨期权,行权价是80,股票价现在是70,止损点放在77。当价格到达行权价之前,你要把期权平仓。
Your stop is like an ejection seat on an aircraft。 If you write an out…of…the…money option and the market starts moving into the money; there is no point in sticking around; waiting to see what happens next。 You are wrong; and you’re losing … push the eject button before the damage turns deadly。 If you sold an option for 1。50; by the time it hits your at…the…money stop level it may double in price to 3。 If you use stops; you’ll be nowhere near the “unlimited loss” that makes people afraid to write options。
止损就想是飞机上的弹射椅。如果你发行了无标的证券期权,结果市场要到达行权价了,你没有理由继续等待。你已经错了,你亏损了——在致命的亏损发生前按弹射椅的按钮吧。如果你在1。50卖出期权,当价格到达你的止损点时,它可能已经涨到3了。如果你止损,你就不会最终亏损,也就不会害怕继续发行期权。
Set your profit…taking zone … consider buying back your naked option。 When you write a call or a put; you sell a wasting asset。 When the underlying security moves far from the exercise price but there is still time left to the expiration; the price of that option may reach its rock bottom。 It loses value only in tiny dribs and drabs。 The loser who bought that option still has a bit of a chance that the market may reverse in his favor。 He continues to hold that call or put like a lottery ticket; and once in a rare while his ticket may win。
设置你的利润目标——考虑买回你的无标的证券期权。当你法相期权时,你卖出的是没有价值的资产。当标的证券从离行权价很远的地方开始运动,还要很长时间才能到期,期权的价格也许会到底了。它不值钱时就会失去价值了。买了期权的输家还是有一点点机会等市场发转的。他继续持有期权,就像拿着彩票一样,偶尔一次他的期权会赢。
Why hold an open position in an option that has already given you most of its value? You have little to gain; while remaining exposed to the risk of an adverse move。 Consider buying back that option to close out your profitable trade。
如果期权已经给你好处了,为什么还要持有?你的收益很少,还要面对反转的风险。要考虑买回期权,以兑现利润。
Open an insurance account。 A naked seller needs insurance against a catastrophic reversal。 You may write a put and the market crashes the next day; or you write a call and suddenly there is a takeover。 You hope this never happens; but trade long enough and eventually everything will happen! That’s why you need insurance。 Nobody will write it for you; so you’ll have to self…insure。
开保险账户。无标的证券期权发行人需要为防止灾难式反转做保险。也许你今天发行了看跌期权,市场第二天就崩溃了;或者你发行了看涨期权,突然就有人要求得到股票。你不希望这样的事会发生,但只要你长期交易,最终任何事都会发生!这就是你需要保险的原因。没有人会为你发行保险,所以你要自己保险。
Open a money market account; and every time you close out a naked writing position; throw a percentage of your profit; 10 percent or more; into that account。 Do not use it for trading。 Have it sit there; in a money market fund; for as long as you write options。 Your insurance account grows with each new profit; ready to cover a catastrophic loss or to be taken out in cash when you stop writing options!
开一个银行账户,每次你发行无标的证券期权赚钱后,都拿一部分利润存起来,存10%或更多。交易时不要动用。就让它留在银行账号,直到你不再做期权为止。随着你每笔交易赚钱,你的银行账户就会长大,就会应付你的灾难性亏损,也可以在你不做期权后拿出来用。
Option writers get hurt in one of three ways。 Beginners overtrade and write too many options; breaking money management rules。 Intermediate…level traders get hurt when they fail to run fast enough when their options move against them。 Experienced traders can get blown out if they do not have a reserve against a major adverse move。 The longer you trade; the greater your risk of a catastrophic event。 Having an insurance account confirms your position as a professional option writer。
发行期权的人有3个受伤的方式。新手过度交易,发行了太多的期权,打破了资金管理原则。水平高一点的交易者,当仓位不利时,逃跑的太慢了。有经验的交易者如果长期平安无事,那么哪天反转太厉害,就被炸飞了。你交易的时间越长,发生灾难事件的概率就越大。还是有个银行保险账号好,能保证你是专业的期权发行人。
WHERE DO I GO FROM HERE? Every options trader should own Lawrence McMillan’s Options as a Strategic Investment and use it as a handbook。 Most professional traders read Sheldon Natenberg’s Option Volatility and Pricing Strategies。 Harvey Friedentag’s Options: Investing without Fear has a nice angle on covered writing。
能告诉我如何开始吗?每个期权交易者都应该有劳伦斯·麦克米伦的《选择权投资策略》(张轶注:台湾译名)作为手册。大部分专业交易者都读过谢尔登·纳坦恩伯格的《选择权:价格波动率与定价理论》(张轶注:台湾译名)。哈维·佛里登泰格的《股票选择权入门》(张轶注:台湾译名)对发行无标的证券期权有独到见解。
Futures
期货
Futures used to have such a bad reputation that several states tried to outlaw them a century ago。 They used to have Sunday sermons against futures in parts of the agricultural belt。 None of that prevented futures from evolving into a potent economic force。
过去期货的名声太差了,100年前有一些州要禁止期货。在一些农业产区,过去人们利用周日布道时反对期货。但都没有阻止期货成为现在经济的重要力量。
Futures markets have prospered because they serve two groups that have a great deal of money。 On the one hand; futures permit major mercial producers and consumers to hedge price risks; giving them a fantastic petitive advantage。 On the other hand; futures offer speculators a gambling palace with more choices than all the casinos in Nevada。 Between the hedgers and the speculators; on a ground richly soaked with blood and money; are professional futures traders。 They help move the wheels of merce and take a fee for their services。 A sign of their profitability is the fact that many of those public servants pass their craft to their sons and now occasionally even to their daughters。
期货市场能发展是因为它为两大有钱团体服务。一方面,期货允许商业生产者和消费者对冲价格风险,给他们巨大的竞争优势。另一方面,期货为投机者提供了最好的赌博天堂,机会很多,比内华达州的赌场还要多。在对冲者和投机者之间,有一帮吸血鬼,他们是期货专业交易者。他们帮助推动经济大轮的运动,同时为自己的服务收费。这些人民公仆能赚大钱的现象就是他们把这门手艺传给了儿子,有时还传给女儿。
Hedging means opening a futures position that is the opposite of one’s position in the actual modity。 It removes the price risk from holding a cash modity or planning to buy such a modity in the future。 Hedgers transfer price risks to modity speculators。 This allows them to concentrate on their core businesses; offer better consumer pricing; and obtain a long…term petitive advantage over their unhedged petitors。
对冲就是针对自己的实物仓位在期货市场方向建仓。如果自己持有实物,或者将来要买实物,这样就去除了价格风险。对冲者把风险转嫁给商品投机者。这就让他们能专注于自己的核心业务,提供更好的商业价格,比他们没有对冲的竞争对手更有竞争优势。
For example; I have two friends; brokers in Moscow; who teach sugar importers how to hedge (Russia has bee the world’s biggest importer of sugar sinc