the higher learning in america-第70章
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the scheme of things academic; for good and all: which; by the
way; is precisely what would have to be aimed at; since it is the
present scheme and organization that unavoidably work the
mischief; and since; also (as touches the interest of the higher
learning); they work nothing but mischief。
It should be plain; on reflection; to any one familiar with
academic matters that neither of these official bodies serves any
useful purpose in the university; in so far as bears in any way
on the pursuit of knowledge。 They may conceivably both be useful
for some other purpose; foreign or alien to the quest of
learning; but within the lines of the university's legitimate
interest both are wholly detrimental; and very wastefully so。
They are needless; except to take care of needs and emergencies
to which their own presence gratuitously gives rise。 In so far as
these needs and difficulties that require executive surveillance
are not simply and flagrantly factitious; as; e。g。; the
onerous duties of publicity they are altogether such needs as
arise out of an excessive size and a gratuitously complex
administrative organization; both of which characteristics of the
American university are created by the governing boards and their
executive officers; for no better purpose than a vainglorious
self…complacency; and with no better justification than an
uncritical prepossession to the effect that large size; complex
organization; and authoritative control necessarily make for
efficiency; whereas; in point of fact; in the affairs of learning
these things unavoidably make for defeat。
Objection to any such measure of abolition is not to be
grounded in their impracticability or their inefficiency;
supposing only that they could be carried out in the face of the
prejudices of the ignorant and of the selfishly interested
parties; the obstacles to any such move lie simply in the popular
prejudice which puts implicit faith in large; complicated; and
formidable organizations; and in that appetite for popular
prestige that animates the class of persons from which the boards
and executives are drawn。
This unreasoning faith in large and difficult combinations
has been induced in the modern community by its experience with
the large…scale organization of the mechanical industries; and
still more particularly by the convincing pecuniary efficiency of
large capital; authoritative control; and devious methods; in
modern business enterprise; and of this popular prejudice the
boards of control and their executive officers have at least
their full share; indeed they owe their place and power in
great part to their being animated with something more than an
equitable share of this popular prepossession。 It is undeniable;
indeed it is a matter of course; that so long as the university
continues to be made up; as is now customary; of an aggregation
of divers and sundry schools; colleges; divisions; etc。; each and
several of which are engaged in a more or less overt rivalry; due
to their being so aggregated into a meaningless coalition; so
long will something formidable in the way of a centralized and
arbitrary government be indispensable to the conduct of the
university's affairs; but it is likewise patent that none of the
several constituent schools; colleges; etc。; are any the better
off; in respect of their work; for being so aggregated in such an
arbitrary collective organization。 The duties of the executive
aside from the calls of publicity and self…aggrandizement are
in the main administrative duties that have to do with the
interstitial adjustments of the composite establishment。 These
resolve themselves into a co…ordinated standardization of the
several constituent schools and divisions; on a mechanically
specified routine and scale; which commonly does violence to the
efficient working of all these diverse and incommensurable
elements; with no gain at any point; excepting a gain in the
facility of control control for control's sake; at the best。 Much
of the official apparatus and routine office…work is taken up
with this futile control。 Beyond this; and requisite to the due
working of this control and standardization; there is the control
of the personnel and the checking…up of their task work; together
with the disciplining of such as do not sufficiently conform to
the resulting schedule of uniformity and mediocrity。
These duties are; all and several; created by the imposition
of a central control; and in the absence of such control the need
of them would not arise。 They are essentially extraneous to the
work on which each and several of the constituent schools are
engaged; and their only substantial effect on that work is to
force it into certain extraneous formalities of routine and
accountancy; such as to divert and retard the work in hand。 So
also the control exercised more at large by the governing board;
except in so far as it is the mere mischief…making interference
of ignorant outsiders; it is likewise directed to the keeping of
a balance between units that need no balancing as against one
another; except for the need which so is gratuitously induced by
drawing these units into an incongruous coalition under the
control of such a board; whose duties of office in this way arise
wholly out of the creation of their office。
The great and conspicuous effect of abolishing the academic
executive and the governing board would be; of course; that the
university organization as now known would incontinently fall to
pieces。 The several constituent schools would fall apart; since
nothing holds them together except the strong hand of the present
central government。 This would; of course; seem a monstrous and
painful outrage to all those persons who are infatuated with a
veneration of big thing; to whom a 〃great〃 that is to say
voluminous university is an object of pride and loyal
affection。 This class of persons is a very large one; and they
are commonly not given to reJection on the merits of their
preconceived ideals of 〃greatness。〃 So that the dissolution of
this 〃trust〃…like university coalition would bitterly hurt their
feelings。 So intolerable would the shock to this popular
sentiment presumably be; indeed; that no project of the kind can
have any reasonable chance of a hearing。
Apart from such loss of 〃prestige value〃 in the eyes of those
whose pride centres on magnitude; the move in question would
involve no substantial loss。 The chief direct and tangible effect
would be a considerable saving in 〃overhead charges;〃 in that the
greater part of the present volume of administrative work would
fall away。 The greater part say; three…fourths of the
present officers of administration; with their clerical staff;
would be lost; under the present system these are chiefly
occupied with the correlation and control of matters that need
correlation and control only with a view to centralized
management。
The aggregate of forces engaged and the aggregate volume of
work done in the schools would suffer no sensible diminution。
Indeed; the contemplated change should bring a very appreciably
heightened efficiency of all the working units that are now tied
up in the university coalition。 Each of these units would be free
to follow its own devices; within the lines imposed by the work
in hand; since none of them would then be required to walk in
lock…step with several others with which it had no more vital
art