±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the higher learning in america >

µÚ65ÕÂ

the higher learning in america-µÚ65ÕÂ

С˵£º the higher learning in america ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡






of¡¡a¡¡well¡­administered¡¡university¡¡is¡¡organized¡£¡¡These¡¡committees



being£»¡¡in¡¡effect¡¡if¡¡not¡¡in¡¡intention£»¡¡designed¡¡chiefly¡¡to¡¡keep



the¡¡faculty¡¡talking¡¡while¡¡the¡¡bureaucratic¡¡machine¡¡goes¡¡on¡¡its



way¡¡under¡¡the¡¡guidance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡executive¡¡and¡¡his¡¡personal



counsellors¡¡and¡¡lieutenants¡£¡¡These¡¡matters£»¡¡then£»¡¡are¡¡also¡¡well



understood£»¡¡standardized£»¡¡and¡¡accepted£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡require¡¡a



vigilant¡¡personal¡¡surveillance¡¡from¡¡the¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡executive¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡is¡¡well¡¡and¡¡seemly¡¡for¡¡any¡¡head¡¡of¡¡a¡¡great¡¡concern£»¡¡these



matters¡¡of¡¡routine¡¡and¡¡current¡¡circumlocution¡¡are¡¡presently



delegated¡¡to¡¡the¡¡oversight¡¡of¡¡trusted¡¡subalterns£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡manner



analogous¡¡to¡¡the¡¡delegation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡somewhat¡¡parallel¡¡duties¡¡of



the¡¡caretakers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡material¡¡equipment¡£¡¡Both¡¡of¡¡these



hierarchical¡¡corps¡¡of¡¡subordinates¡¡are¡¡in¡¡a¡¡somewhat¡¡similar



case£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡their¡¡duties¡¡are¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mechanically¡¡standardized



nature£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡incumbent¡¡on¡¡both¡¡alike¡¡to¡¡deal¡¡in¡¡a



dispassionate£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡say¡¡impersonal£»¡¡way¡¡each¡¡with¡¡the



particular¡¡segment¡¡of¡¡apparatus¡¡and¡¡process¡¡entrusted¡¡to¡¡his



care£»¡¡as¡¡is¡¡right¡¡and¡¡good¡¡for¡¡any¡¡official¡¡entrusted¡¡with¡¡given



details¡¡of¡¡bureaucratic¡¡routine¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡exacting¡¡duties¡¡that¡¡remain¡¡personally¡¡incumbent¡¡on¡¡the



academic¡¡executive£»¡¡and¡¡claiming¡¡his¡¡ordinary¡¡and¡¡continued



attention£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡are¡¡those¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡official¡¡prestige¡¡on



the¡¡one¡¡hand£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡selection£»¡¡preferment£»¡¡rejection¡¡and



proscription¡¡of¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡academic¡¡staff¡£¡¡These¡¡two¡¡lines¡¡of



executive¡¡duty¡¡are¡¡closely¡¡correlated£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡in¡¡that¡¡the¡¡staff



is¡¡necessarily¡¡to¡¡be¡¡selected¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view¡¡to¡¡their¡¡furthering¡¡the



prestige¡¡of¡¡their¡¡chief¡¡and¡¡his¡¡university£»¡¡but¡¡also¡¡in¡¡that¡¡the



executive's¡¡experience¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡this¡¡enterprise¡¡in



publicity¡¡goes¡¡far¡¡to¡¡shape¡¡his¡¡ideals¡¡of¡¡scholarly¡¡endeavour¡¡and



to¡¡establish¡¡his¡¡standards¡¡of¡¡expediency¡¡and¡¡efficiency¡¡in¡¡the



affairs¡¡of¡¡learning¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡usage£»¡¡guided£»¡¡no¡¡doubt£»¡¡by¡¡a¡¡shrewd¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡expediency



in¡¡the¡¡choice¡¡of¡¡means£»¡¡it¡¡has£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡typical¡¡case£»¡¡come¡¡to¡¡be



the¡¡settled¡¡policy¡¡of¡¡these¡¡incumbents¡¡of¡¡executive¡¡office¡¡to



seek¡¡the¡¡competitively¡¡requisite¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡public¡¡prestige



chiefly¡¡by¡¡way¡¡of¡¡public¡¡oratory¡£¡¡Now¡¡and¡¡again¡¡his¡¡academic



rank£»¡¡backed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡slow¡­dying¡¡tradition¡¡that¡¡his¡¡office¡¡should



be¡¡filled¡¡by¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡scholarly¡¡capacity£»¡¡will¡¡bring¡¡the



incumbent¡¡before¡¡some¡¡scientific¡¡body¡¡or¡¡other£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡commonly



avoids¡¡offence¡£¡¡But£»¡¡as¡¡has¡¡been¡¡remarked¡¡above£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡laity



that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡impressed¡¡and¡¡kept¡¡propitiously¡¡in¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡the



executive¡¡and¡¡his¡¡establishment£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡therefore¡¡the¡¡laity



that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡conciliated¡¡with¡¡presidential¡¡addresses£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡also



to¡¡the¡¡laity¡¡that¡¡the¡¡typical¡¡academic¡¡executive¡¡is¡¡competent¡¡to



speak¡¡without¡¡stultification¡£¡¡Hence¡¡the¡¡many¡¡edifying¡¡addresses



before¡¡popular¡¡audiences£»¡¡at¡¡commencements£»¡¡inaugurations£»



dedications£»¡¡club¡¡meetings£»¡¡church¡¡festivals£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡like¡£¡¡So



that¡¡an¡¡executive¡¡who¡¡aspires¡¡to¡¡do¡¡his¡¡whole¡¡duty¡¡in¡¡these



premises¡¡will¡¡become¡¡in¡¡some¡¡sort¡¡an¡¡itinerant¡¡dispensary¡¡of



salutary¡¡verbiage£»¡¡and¡¡university¡¡presidents¡¡have¡¡so¡¡come¡¡to¡¡be



conventionally¡¡indispensable¡¡for¡¡the¡¡effusion¡¡of¡¡graceful¡¡speech



at¡¡all¡¡gatherings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡well¡­to¡­do¡¡for¡¡convivial¡¡deliberation¡¡on



the¡¡state¡¡of¡¡mankind¡¡at¡¡large¡££¨7*£©



¡¡¡¡¡¡Throughout¡¡this¡¡elocutionary¡¡enterprise¡¡there¡¡runs¡¡the



rigorous¡¡prescription¡¡that¡¡the¡¡speaker¡¡must¡¡avoid¡¡offence£»¡¡that



his¡¡utterances¡¡must¡¡be¡¡of¡¡a¡¡salutary¡¡order£»¡¡since¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of



it¡¡all¡¡is¡¡such¡¡conciliation¡¡of¡¡goodwill¡¡as¡¡will¡¡procure¡¡at¡¡least



the¡¡passive¡¡good¡¡offices¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡reached¡¡by¡¡the



presidential¡¡run¡¡of¡¡language¡£¡¡But£»¡¡by¡¡and¡¡large£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡only



platitudes¡¡and¡¡racy¡¡anecdotes¡¡that¡¡may¡¡be¡¡counted¡¡on¡¡to¡¡estrange



none¡¡of¡¡the¡¡audiences¡¡before¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡worth¡¡while¡¡for¡¡the



captains¡¡of¡¡erudition¡¡to¡¡make¡¡their¡¡plea¡¡for¡¡sanity¡¡and¡¡renown¡£



Hence¡¡the¡¡peculiarly£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡say¡¡exuberantly£»¡¡inane¡¡character¡¡of



this¡¡branch¡¡of¡¡oratory£»¡¡coupled¡¡with¡¡an¡¡indefatigable¡¡optimism



and¡¡good¡­nature¡£¡¡This¡¡outcome¡¡is¡¡due¡¡neither¡¡to¡¡a¡¡lack¡¡of



application¡¡nor¡¡of¡¡reflection¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡speakers£»¡¡it¡¡is£»



indeed£»¡¡a¡¡finished¡¡product¡¡of¡¡the¡¡homiletical¡¡art¡¡and¡¡makes¡¡up



something¡¡of¡¡a¡¡class¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡among¡¡the¡¡artistic¡¡achievements



of¡¡the¡¡race¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡means¡¡to¡¡an¡¡end¡££¨8*£©







¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡the¡¡clay¡¡sticks¡¡to¡¡the¡¡sculptor's¡¡thumb£»¡¡as¡¡the



meal¡­dust¡¡powders¡¡the¡¡miller's¡¡hair¡¡and¡¡the¡¡cobbler¡¡carries



sensible¡¡traces¡¡of¡¡the¡¡pitch¡¡that¡¡goes¡¡into¡¡his¡¡day's¡¡work£»¡¡and



as¡¡the¡¡able¡­bodied¡¡seaman¡¡¡¨walks¡¡with¡¡a¡¡rolling¡¡gait¡£¡¨¡¡So¡¡also



the¡¡university¡¡executive£»¡¡who¡¡by¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡competitive



enterprise¡¡comes¡¡to¡¡be¡¡all¡¡things¡¡to¡¡all¡¡audiences£»¡¡will¡¡come



also¡¡to¡¡take¡¡on¡¡the¡¡colour¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡philandropic



pronouncements£»¡¡to¡¡believe£»¡¡more¡¡or¡¡less¡¡conveniently£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own



blameless¡¡utterances¡£¡¡They¡¡necessarily¡¡commit¡¡him¡¡to¡¡a¡¡pro¡¡forma



observance¡¡of¡¡their¡¡tenor£»¡¡they¡¡may£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡be¡¡desired¡¡as



perfunctory¡¡conciliation£»¡¡simply£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡carrying¡¡conviction¡¡to



the¡¡audience¡¡the¡¡speaker's¡¡eloquence¡¡unavoidably¡¡bends¡¡his¡¡own



convictions¡¡in¡¡some¡¡degree¡£¡¡And¡¡not¡¡only¡¡does¡¡the¡¡temper¡¡of¡¡the



audience¡¡sympathetically¡¡affect¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡speaker£»¡¡as¡¡does¡¡also



his¡¡familiar¡¡contact¡¡with¡¡the¡¡same¡¡range¡¡of¡¡persons£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡goes



with¡¡and¡¡takes¡¡a¡¡chief¡¡place¡¡in¡¡this¡¡itinerant¡¡edification£»¡¡but



there¡¡is¡¡also¡¡the¡¡opportunity¡¡which¡¡all¡¡this¡¡wide¡­ranging



itinerary¡¡of¡¡public¡¡addresses¡¡affords¡¡for¡¡feeling¡¡out¡¡the¡¡state



of¡¡popular¡¡sentiment£»¡¡as¡¡to¡¡what¡¡ends¡¡the¡¡university¡¡is¡¡expected



to¡¡serve¡¡and¡¡how¡¡it¡¡is¡¡expected¡¡best¡¡to¡¡serve¡¡them¡£¡¡Particularly



do¡¡the¡¡solemn¡¡amenities¡¡of¡¡social¡¡intercourse¡¡associated¡¡with



this¡¡promulgation¡¡of¡¡lay¡¡sermons¡¡lend¡¡themselves¡¡felicitously¡¡to



such¡¡a¡¡purpose£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡contact¡¡with¡¡the¡¡public¡¡and¡¡its



spokesmen¡¡doubtless¡¡exercises¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡control¡¡over¡¡the



policies¡¡pursued¡¡by¡¡these¡¡academic¡¡executives£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡it¡¡affords



them¡¡the¡¡readiest£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡the¡¡most¡¡habitual£»



indication¡¡as¡¡to¡¡what¡¡line¡¡of¡¡policy¡¡and¡¡what¡¡details¡¡of¡¡conduct



will¡¡meet¡¡with¡¡popular¡¡approval£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡will¡¡not¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Since£»¡¡then£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡necessarily¡¡the¡¡endeavour¡¡of¡¡the



competitive¡¡executives¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡desires¡¡of¡¡their¡¡public¡¡as



best¡¡they¡¡can£»¡¡consistently¡¡with¡¡the¡¡demands¡¡of¡¡magnitude¡¡and



éclat¡¡imposed¡¡by¡¡their¡¡position¡¡as¡¡chiefs¡¡of¡¡these¡¡competitive



concerns£»¡¡it¡¡becomes¡¡a¡¡question¡¡of¡¡some¡¡moment¡¡what¡¡the¡¡character



of¡¡this¡¡select¡¡public¡¡opinion¡¡may¡¡be£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡their



peregrinations¡¡expose¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡far¡¡and¡¡with¡¡what¡¡limitations



the¡¡public¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡so¡¡habitually¡¡impinges¡¡on¡¡their



sensibilities¡¡and¡¡shapes¡¡their¡¡canons¡¡of¡¡procedure¡¡may¡¡be¡¡taken



as¡¡reflecting¡¡the¡¡sentiments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡public¡¡at¡¡large£»¡¡or¡¡of¡¡any



given¡¡class¡¡of¡¡the¡¡population¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡public¡¡that¡¡so¡¡contributes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡habitual¡¡bent¡¡of¡¡the



academic¡¡executives¡¡is¡¡necessarily¡¡a¡¡select¡¡fraction¡¡of¡¡the



laity£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡¡¡self¡­selected¡¡by¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡membership¡¡in¡¡the



various¡¡clubs£»¡¡churches¡¡and¡¡other¡¡like¡¡organizations¡¡under¡¡whose



auspices¡¡the¡¡edification¡¡and¡¡amenities¡¡in¡¡question¡¡are¡¡commonly



brought¡¡into¡¡bearing£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡voluntary¡¡attendance¡¡at



these¡¡occasions¡¡of¡¡quasi¡­culture¡¡and¡¡gentility¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡somewhat



exclusive¡¡fragment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡public£»¡¡pecuniarily¡¡of¡¡a¡¡middling



grade£»¡¡as¡¡is¡¡indeed¡¡also¡¡its¡¡case¡¡in¡¡other¡¡than¡¡the¡¡pecuniary



respect¡£¡¡Apart¡¡from¡¡the¡¡£¨very¡¡consequential£©¡¡convivial¡¡gatherings



where¡¡businessmen¡¡will¡¡now¡¡and¡¡again¡¡come¡¡together¡¡and¡¡lend¡¡a



genial¡¡ear¡¡to¡¡these¡¡executive¡¡spokesmen¡¡of¡¡philandropism£»¡¡it¡¡will



be¡¡found¡¡that¡¡at¡¡the¡¡audiences£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡their¡¡attendant



solemnities¡¡of¡¡hospitality

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ