the higher learning in america-第60章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
〃publicity of accounts〃 as regards the work to be done;
accomplishes no useful aggregate result。 And; as is true of
advertising in other competitive business; current university
publicity is not an effective means of spreading reliable
information; nor is it designed for that end。 Here as elsewhere;
to meet the requirements of competitive enterprise; advertising
must somewhat exceed the point of maximum veracity。
In no field of human endeavour is competitive notoriety and a
painstaking conformity to extraneous standards of living and of
conduct so gratuitous a burden; since learning is in no degree a
competitive enterprise; and all mandatory observance of the
conventions pecuniary or other is necessarily a drag on the
pursuit of knowledge。 In ordinary competitive business; as; e。g。;
merchandising; advertisement is a means of competitive selling;
and is justified by the increased profits that come to the
successful advertiser from the increased traffic; and on the like
grounds a painstaking conformity to conventional usage; in
appearances and expenditure; is there wisely cultivated with the
same end in view。 In the affairs of science and scholarship;
simply as such and apart from the personal ambitions of the
university's executive; there is nothing that corresponds to this
increased traffic or these competitive profits;(3*) nor will
the discretionary officials avow that such increased traffic is
the purpose of academic publicity。 Indeed; an increased enrolment
of students yields no increased net income; nor is the
corporation of learning engaged (avowedly; at least) in an
enterprise that looks to a net income。 At the same time; such
increased enrolment as comes of this competitive salesmanship
among the universities is made up almost wholly of wasters;
accessions from the genteel and sporting classes; who seek the
university as a means of respectability and dissipation; and who
serve the advancement of the higher learning only as fire; flood
and pestilence serve the needs of the husbandman。
Competitive publicity; therefore; and its maid…servant
conventional observance; would appear in all this order of things
to have no serious motive; or at least none that can freely be
avowed; as witness the unwillingness of any university
administration formally to avow that it seeks publicity or
expends the corporate funds in competitive advertising。 So that
on its face this whole academic traffic in publicity and genteel
conventionalities appears to be little else than a boyish
imitation of the ways and means employed; with shrewd purpose; in
business enterprise that has no analog with the pursuit of
knowledge。 But the aggregate yearly expenditure of the
universities on this competitive academic publicity runs well up
into the millions; and it involves also an extensive diversion of
the energies of the general body of academic men to these
purposes of creditable notoriety; and such an expenditure of
means and activities is not lightly to be dismissed as an
unadvised play of businesslike fancy on the part of the
university authorities。
Unquestionably; an unreflecting imitation of methods that
have been found good in retail merchandising counts for something
in the case; perhaps for much; for the academic executives under
whose surveillance this singularly futile traffic is carried on
are commonly men of commonplace intelligence and aspiration;
bound by the commonplace habits of workday intercourse in a
business community。 The histrionic afflatus is also by no means
wanting in current university management; and when coupled with
commonplace ideals in the dramatic art its outcome will
necessarily be a tawdry; spectacular pageantry and a straining
after showy magnitude。 There is also the lower motive of
unreflecting clannishness on the part of the several university
establishments。 This counts for something; perhaps for more than
one could gracefully admit。 It stands out perhaps most baldly in
the sentimental rivalry somewhat factitious; it is true
shown at intercollegiate games and similar occasions of invidious
comparison between the different schools。 It is; of course;
gratifying to the clannish conceit of any college man to be able
to hold up convincing statistical exhibits showing the greater
glory of 〃his own〃 university; whether in athletics; enrolment;
alumni; material equipment; or schedules of instruction; whether
he be an official; student; alumnus; or member of the academic
staff; and all this array and circumstance will appeal to him the
more unreservedly in proportion as he is gifted with a more
vulgar sportsmanlike bent and is unmoved by any dispassionate
interest in matters of science or scholarship; and in proportion;
also; as his habitual outlook is that of the commonplace man of
affairs。 In the uncritical eyes of the commonplace men of
affairs; whose experience in business has trained them into a
quasi…tropismatic approval of notoriety as a means of
advertising; these puerile demonstrations will; of course; have a
high value simply in their own right。 Sentimental chauvinism of
this kind is a good and efficient motive to emulative enterprise;
as far as it goes; but even when backed with the directorate's
proclivity to businesslike make…believe; it can; after all;
scarcely be made to cover the whole voluminous traffic that must
on any consistent view go in under the head of competitive
publicity。
III
The abiding incentives to this traffic in publicity and
genteel observance must be sought elsewhere than in the boyish
emotions of rivalry and clanish elation that animates the
academic staff; or even in the histrionic interest which the
members of the staff or the directorate may have in the prestige
of their own establishment。 The staff; indeed; are not in any
sensible degree accountable for this pursuit of prestige; since
they have but little discretion in these matters; in substance;
the government of a competitive university is necessarily of an
autocratic character; whatever plausible forms of collective
action and advisement it may be found expedient to observe。 The
seat of discretion is in the directorate; though many details of
administration may be left to the deliberations of the staff; so
long as these details do not impinge on the directorate's scheme
of policy。 The impulse and initiative to this enterprise in
publicity; as well as the surveillance and guidance in the
matter; radiates from this centre; and it is here; presumably;
that the incentives to such enterprise are immediately felt。 The
immediate discretion in the conduct of these matters rests in the
hands of the directive academic head; with the aid and advice of
his circle of personal counsellors; and with the backing of the
governing board。
The incentives that decide the policy of publicity and guide
its execution must accordingly be such as will appeal directly to
the sensibilities of the academic head and of the members of the
governing board; and this applies not only as regards the traffic
in publicity by print and public spectacles; but also as regards
the diversion of the corporation of learning to utilitarian ends;
and as regards the traffic in conventional observances and
conformity to popular opinion。 What these incentives may be; that
so appeal to the authorities in discretion; and that move them to
divert the universities from the pursuit of