the higher learning in america-第42章
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university men。 University men are conventionally required to
live on a scale of expenditure comparable with that in vogue
among the well…to…do businessmen; while their university incomes
compare more nearly with the lower grades of clerks and salesmen。
The rate of pay varies quite materially; as is well known。 For
the higher grades of the staff; whose scale of pay is likely to
be publicly divulged; it is; perhaps; adequate to the average
demands made on university incomes by polite usage; but the large
majority of university men belong on the lower levels of grade
and pay; and on these lower levels the pay is; perhaps; lower
than any outsider appreciates。(3*)
With men circumstanced as the common run of university men
are; the temptation to parsimony is ever present; while on the
other hand; as has already been noted; the prestige of the
university and of the academic head demands of all its
members a conspicuously expensive manner of living。 Both of these
needs may; of course; be met in some poor measure by saving in
the obscurer items of domestic expense; such as food; clothing;
heating; lighting; floor…space; books; and the like; and making
all available funds count toward the collective end of reputable
publicity; by throwing the stress on such expenditures as come
under the public eye; as dress and equipage; bric…a…brac;
amusements; public entertainments; etc。 It may seem that it
should also be possible to cut down the proportion of obscure
expenditures for creature comforts by limiting the number of
births in the family; or by foregoing marriage。 But; by and
large; there is reason to believe that this expedient has been
exhausted。 As men have latterly been at pains to show; the
current average of children in academic households is not high;
whereas the percentage of celibates is。 There appears; indeed; to
be little room for additional economy on this head; or in the
matter of household thrift; beyond what is embodied in the family
budgets already in force in academic circles。
So also; the tenure of office is somewhat precarious; more so
than the documents would seem to indicate。 This applies with
greater force to the lower grades than to the higher。 Latterly;
under the rule of business principles; since the prestige value
of a conspicuous consumption has come to a greater currency in
academic policy; a member of the staff may render his tenure more
secure; and may perhaps assure his due preferment; by a sedulous
attention to the academic social amenities; and to the more
conspicuous items of his expense account; and he will then do
well in the same connection also to turn his best attention in
the day's work to administrative duties and schoolmasterly
discipline; rather than to the increase of knowledge。 Whereas he
may make his chance of preferment less assured; and may even
jeopardize his tenure; by a conspicuously parsimonious manner of
life; or by too pronounced an addiction to scientific or
scholarly pursuits; to the neglect of those polite exhibitions of
decorum that conduce to the maintenance of the university's
prestige in the eyes of the (pecuniarily) cultured laity。
A variety of other untoward circumstances; of a similarly
extra…scholastic bearing; may affect the fortunes of academic men
to a like effect; as; e。g。; unearned newspaper notoriety that may
be turned to account in ridicule; unconventional religious; or
irreligious convictions so far as they become known; an
undesirable political affiliation; an impecunious marriage; or
such domestic infelicities as might become subject of remark。
None of these untoward circumstances need touch the
serviceability of the incumbent for any of the avowed; or
avowable; purposes of the seminary of learning; and where action
has to be taken by the directorate on provocation of such
circumstances it is commonly done with the (unofficial) admission
that such action is taken not on the substantial merits of the
case but on compulsion of appearances and the exigencies of
advertising。 That some such effect should be had follows from the
nature of things; so far as business principles rule。
In the degree; then; in which these and the like motives of
expediency are decisive; there results a husbanding of time;
energy and means in the less conspicuous expenditures and duties;
in order to a freer application to more conspicuous uses; and a
meticulous cultivation of the bourgeois virtues。 The workday
duties of instruction; and more particularly of inquiry; are; in
the nature of the case; less conspicuously in evidence than the
duties of the drawing…room; the ceremonial procession; the formal
dinner; or the grandstand on some red…letter day of
intercollegiate athletics。(4*) For the purposes of a reputable
notoriety the everyday work of the classroom and laboratory is
also not so effective as lectures to popular audiences outside;
especially; perhaps; addresses before an audience of devout and
well…to…do women。 Indeed; all this is well approved by
experience。 In many and devious ways; therefore; a university man
may be able to serve the collective enterprise of his university
to better effect than by an exclusive attention to the scholastic
work on which alone he is ostensibly engaged。
Among the consequences that follow is a constant temptation
for the members of the staff to take on work outside of that for
which the salary is nominally paid。 Such work takes the public
eye; but a further incentive to go into this outside and
non…academic work; as well as to take on supernumerary work
within the academic schedule; lies in the fact that such outside
or supernumerary work is specially paid; and so may help to eke
out a sensibly scant livelihood。 So far as touches the more
scantily paid grades of university men; and so far as no alien
considerations come in to trouble the working…out of business
principles; the outcome may be schematized somewhat as follows。
These men have; at the outset; gone into the university
presumably from an inclination to scholarly or scientific
pursuits; it is not probable that they have been led into this
calling by the pecuniary inducements; which are slight as
compared with the ruling rates of pay in the open market for
other work that demands an equally arduous preparation and an
equally close application。 They have then been apportioned rather
more work as instructors than they can take care of in the most
efficient manner; at a rate of pay which is sensibly scant for
the standard of (conspicuous) living conventionally imposed on
them。 They are; by authority; expected to expend time and means
in such polite observances; spectacles and quasi…learned
exhibitions as are presumed to enhance the prestige of the
university。 They are so induced to divert their time and energy
to spreading abroad the university's good repute by creditable
exhibitions of a quasi…scholarly character; which have no
substantial bearing on a university man's legitimate interests;
as well as in seeking supplementary work outside of their
mandatory schedule; from which to derive an adequate livelihood
and to fill up the complement of politely wasteful expenditures
expected of them。 The academic instruction necessarily suffers by
this diversion of forces to extra…scholastic objects; and the
work of inquiry; which may have primarily engaged their interest
and which is indispensable to their continued efficiency as
teachers; is; in the common run of ca