the higher learning in america-第40章
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and; in the long run; with a still more unqualified insistence。
For good or ill; in the apprehension of the civilized peoples;
matter…of…fact knowledge is an end to be sought; while gainful
enterprise is; after all; a means to an end。 There is; therefore;
always this massive hedge of slow but indefeasible popular
sentiment that stands in the way of making the seats of learning
over into something definitively foreign to the purpose which
they are popularly believed to serve。(1*)
Perhaps the most naive way in which a predilection for men of
substantial business value expresses itself in university policy
is the unobtrusive; and in part unformulated; preference shown
for teachers with sound pecuniary connections; whether by
inheritance or by marriage。 With no such uniformity as to give
evidence of an advised rule of precedence or a standarized
schedule of correlation; but with sufficient consistency to
merit; and indeed to claim; the thoughtful attention of the
members of the craft; a scholar who is in a position to plead
personal wealth or a wealthy connection has a perceptibly better
chance of appointment on the academic staff; and on a more
advantageous scale of remuneration; than men without pecuniary
antecedents。 Due preferment also appears to follow more as a
matter of course where the candidate has or acquires a tangible
standing of this nature。
This preference for well…to…do scholars need by no means be
an altogether blind or impulsive predilection for commercial
solvency on the part of the appointing power; though such a
predilection is no doubt ordinarily present and operative in a
degree。 But there is substantial ground for a wise discrimination
in this respect。 As a measure of expediency; particularly the
expediency of publicity; it is desirable that the incumbents of
the higher stations on the staff should be able to live on such a
scale of conspicuous expensiveness as to make a favourable
impression on those men of pecuniary refinement and expensive
tastes with whom they are designed to come in contact。 The
university should be worthily represented in its personnel;
particularly in such of its personnel as occupy a conspicuous
place in the academic hierarchy; that is to say; it should be
represented with becoming expensiveness in all its social contact
with those classes from whose munificence large donations may
flow into the corporate funds。 Large gifts of this kind are
creditable both to him that gives and him that takes; and it is
the part of wise foresight so to arrange that those to whom it
falls to represent the university; as potential beneficiary; at
this juncture should do so with propitiously creditable
circumstance。 To meet and convince the opulent patrons of
learning; as well as the parents and guardians of possible
opulent students; it is; by and large; necessary to meet them on
their own ground; and to bring into view such evidence of culture
and intelligence as will readily be appreciated by them。 To this
end a large and well appointed domestic establishment is more
fortunate than a smaller one; abundant; well…chosen and
well…served viands; beverages and narcotics will also
felicitously touch the sensibilities of these men who are
fortunate enough to have learned their virtue; the better; that
is to say; on the whole; the more costly; achievements in dress
and equipage will 〃carry farther〃 in these premises than a
penurious economy。 In short; it is well that those who may be
called to stand spokesmen for the seat of learning in its contact
with men and women of substantial means; should be accustomed to;
and should be pecuniarily competent for; a scale of living
somewhat above that which the ordinary remuneration for academic
work will support。 An independent income; therefore; is a
meritorious quality in an official scholar。
The introduction of these delegates from the well…to…do among
the academic personnel has a further; secondary effect that is
worth noting。 Their ability freely to meet any required pecuniary
strain; coupled with that degree of social ambition that commonly
comes with the ability to pay; will have a salutary effect in
raising the standard of living among the rest of the staff;
salutary as seen from the point of view of the bureau of
publicity。 In the absence of outside resources; the livelihood of
academic men is somewhat scant and precarious。 This places them
under an insidious temptation to a more parsimonious manner of
life than the best (prestige) interests of the seat of learning
would dictate。 By undue saving out of their current wages they
may easily give the academic establishment an untoward air of
indigence; such as would be likely to depreciate its prestige in
those well…to…do circles where such prestige might come to have a
commercial value; in the way of donations; and it might at the
same time deter possible customers of the same desirable class
from sending their young men to the university as students。
The American university is not an eleemosynary institution;
it does not plead indigence; except in that Pickwickian sense in
which indigence may without shame be avowed in polite circles;
nor does it put its trust in donations of that sparseness and
modesty which the gifts of charity commonly have。 Its recourse
necessarily is that substantial and dignified class of gifts that
are not given thriftily on compunction of charity; but out of the
fulness of the purse。 These dignified gifts commonly aim to
promote the most reputable interests of humanity; rather than the
sordid needs of creature comfort; at the same time that they
serve to fortify the donor' s good name in good company。
Donations to university funds have something of the character of
an investment in good fame; they are made by gentlemen and
gentlewomen; to gentlemen; and the transactions begin and end
within the circle of pecuniary respectability。 An impeccable
respectability; authentic in the pecuniary respect; therefore;
affords the only ground on which such a seminary of learning can
reasonably claim the sympathetic attention of the only class
whose attentions are seriously worth engaging in these premises;
and respectability is inseparable from an expensive scale of
living; in any community whose scheme of life is conventionally
regulated by pecuniary standards。
It is accordingly expedient; for its collective good repute;
that the members of the academic staff should conspicuously
consume all their current income in current expenses of living。
Hence also the moral obligation incumbent on all members of the
staff and their households to take hands and help in an
endless chain of conspicuously expensive social amenities; where
their social proficiency and their ostensible ability to pay may
effectually be placed on view。 An effectual furtherance to this
desirable end is the active presence among the staff of an
appreciable number who are ready to take the lead at a pace
slightly above the competency of the common run of university
men。 Their presence insures that the general body will live up to
their limit; for in this; as in other games of emulation; the
pace…maker is invaluable。
Besides the incentive so given to polite expenditure by the
presence of a highly solvent minority among the academic
personnel; it has also been found expedient that the directorate
take thought and institute something in the way of an authentic
curriculum of ac