the higher learning in america-第39章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
this class。 In practice it is found necessary somewhat to wink at
devotional shortcomings among their teachers; clerical; or
pronouncedly devout; scientists that are passably competent in
their science; are of very rare occurrence; and yet something
presentable in the way of modern science is conventionally
required by these schools; in order to live; and so to effect any
part of their purpose。 Half a loaf is better than no bread。 None
but the precarious class of schools made up of the lower grade
and smaller of these colleges; such as are content to save their
souls alive without exerting any effect on the current of
civilization; are able to get along with faculties made up
exclusively of God…fearing men。
Something of the same kind; and in somewhat the same degree;
is true for the schools under the tutelage of businessmen。 While
the businesslike ideal may be a faculty wholly made up of men
highly gifted with business sense; it is not practicable to
assemble such a faculty which shall at the same time be plausibly
competent in science and scholarship。 Scientists and scholars
given over to the pursuit of knowledge are conventionally
indispensable to a university; and such are commonly not largely
gifted with business sense; either by habit or by native gift。
The two lines of interest business and science do not pull
together; a competent scientist or scholar well endowed with
business sense is as rare as a devout scientist almost as rare
as a white blackbird。 Yet the inclusion of men of scientific
gifts and attainments among its faculty is indispensable to the
university; if it is to avoid instant and palpable
stultification。
So that the most that can practically be accomplished by a
businesslike selection and surveillance of the academic personnel
will be a compromise; whereby a goodly number of the faculty will
be selected on grounds of businesslike fitness; more or less
pronounced; while a working minority must continue to be made up
of men without much business proficiency and without pronounced
loyalty to commercial principles。
This fluctuating margin of limitation has apparently not yet
been reached; perhaps not even in the most enterprising of our
universities。 Such should be the meaning of the fact that a
continued commercialization of the academic staff appears still
to be in progress; in the sense that businesslike fitness counts
progressively for more in appointments and promotions。 These
businesslike qualifications do not comprise merely facility in
the conduct of pecuniary affairs; even if such facility be
conceived to include the special aptitudes and proficiency that
go to the making of a successful advertiser。 In academic circles
as elsewhere businesslike fitness includes solvency as well as
commercial genius。 Both of these qualifications are useful in the
competitive manoeuvres in which the academic body is engaged。 But
while the two are apparently given increasing weight in the
selection and grading of the academic personnel; the precedents
and specifications for a standard rating of merit in this bearing
have hitherto not been worked out to such a nicety as to allow
much more than a more or less close approach to a consistent
application of the principle in the average case。 And there lies
always the infirmity in the background of the system that if the
staff were selected consistently with an eye single to business
capacity and business animus the university would presently be
functa officio; and the captain of erudition would find his
occupation gone。
A university is an endowed institution of culture; whether
the endowment take the form of assigned income; as in the state
establishments; or of funded wealth; as with most other
universities。 Such fraction of the income as is assigned to the
salary roll; and which therefore comes in question here; is
apportioned among the staff for work which has no determinate
market value。 It is not a matter of quid pro quo; since one
member of the exchange; the stipend or salary; is measurable in
pecuniary terms and the other is not。 This work has no business
value; in so far as it is work properly included among the duties
of the academic men。 Indeed; it is a fairly safe test; work that
has a commercial value does not belong in the university。 Such
services of the academic staff as have a business value are those
portions of their work that serve other ends than the higher
learning; as; e。g。; the prestige and pecuniary gain of the
institution at large; the pecuniary advantage of a given clique
or faction within the university; or the profit and renown of the
directive head。 Gains that accrue for services of this general
character are not; properly speaking; salary or stipend payable
toward 〃the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men;〃 even
if they are currently so designated; in the absence of suitable
distinctions。 Instances of such a diversion of corporate funds to
private ends have in the past occurred in certain monastic and
priestly orders; as well as in some modern political
organizations。 Organized malversation of this character has
latterly been called 〃graft。〃 The long…term common sense of the
community would presently disavow any corporation of learning
overtly pursuing such a course; as being faithless to its trust;
and the conservation of learning would so pass into other hands。
Indeed; there are facts current which broadly suggest that the
keeping of the higher learning is beginning to pass into other;
and presumptively more disinterested; hands。
The permeation of academic policy by business principles is a
matter of more or less; not of absolute; dominance。 It appears to
be a question of how wide a deviation from scholarly singleness
of purpose the long…term common sense of the community will
tolerate。 The cult of the idle curiosity sticks too deep in the
instinctive endowment of the race; and it has in modern
civilization been too thoroughly ground into the shape of a quest
of matter…of…fact knowledge; to allow this pursuit to be
definitively set aside or to fall into abeyance。 It is by too
much an integral constituent of the habits of thought induced by
the discipline of workday life。 The faith in and aspiration after
matter…of…fact knowledge is too profoundly ingrained in the
modern community; and too consonant with its workday habit of
mind; to admit of its supersession by any objective end alien to
it; at least for the present and until some stronger force
than the technological discipline of modern life shall take over
the primacy among the factors of civilization; and so give us a
culture of a different character from that which has brought on
this modern science and placed it at the centre of things human。
The popular approval of business principles and businesslike
thrift is profound; disinterested; alert and insistent; but it
does not; at least not yet; go the length of unreservedly placing
a businesslike exploitation of office above a faithful discharge
of trust。 The current popular animus may not; in this matter;
approach that which animates the business community; specifically
so…called; but it is sufficiently 〃practical〃 to approve
practical sagacity and gainful traffic wherever it is found; yet
the furtherance of knowledge is after all an ideal which engages
the modern community's affections in a still more profound way;
and; in the long run; with a still more unqualified insistence。