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第29章

the higher learning in america-第29章

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the charlatan ever in the near background。 By and large; if the



number of distinct lines of instruction offered by a given



departmental corps appreciably exceeds the number of men on the



staff; some of these lines or courses will of necessity be



carried in a perfunctory fashion and can only give mediocre



results; at the best。 What practically happens at the worst is



better left under the cover of a decent reticence。



    Even those preferred lines of instruction which in their own



right engage the serious interest of the instructors can get



nothing better than superficial attention if the time and energy



of the instructors are dissipated over a scattering variety of



courses。 Good work; that is to say sufficiently good work to be



worth while; requires a free hand and a free margin of time and



energy。 If the number of distinct lines of instruction is



relatively large; and if; as happens; they are distributed



scatteringly among the members of the staff; with a relatively



large assignment of hours to each man; so as to admit no assured



and persistent concentration on any point; the run of instruction



offered will necessarily be of this perfunctory character; and



will therefore be of such amateurish and pedantic quality。 Such



an outcome is by no means unusual where regard is had primarily



to covering a given inclusive range of subjects; rather than to



the special aptitudes of the departmental corps; as indeed



commonly happens; and as happens particularly where the school or



the department in question is sufficiently imbued with a



businesslike spirit of academic rivalry。 It follows necessarily



and in due measure on the introduction of the principles;



methods; and tests of competitive business into the work of



instruction。(6*)



    Under these principles of accountancy and hierarchical



control; each of the several bureaux of erudition  commonly



called departments  is a competitor with all its fellow bureaux



in the (thrifty) apportionment of funds and equipment;  for the



businesslike university management habitually harbours a larger



number of departments than its disposable means will adequately



provide for。 So also each department competes with its fellow



departments; as well as with similar departments in rival



universities; for a clientele in the way of student



registrations。 These two lines of competition are closely



interdependent。 An adverse statistical showing in the number of



students; or in the range; variety and volume of courses of



instruction offered by any given department; is rated by the



businesslike general directorate as a shortcoming; and it is



there fore likely to bring a reduction of allowances。 At the same



time; of course; such an adverse showing reflects discredit on



the chief of bureau; while it also wounds his self…respect。 The



final test of competency in such a chief; under business



principles; is the statistical test; in part because numerical



tests have a seductive air of businesslike accountancy; and also



because statistical exhibits have a ready use as advertising



material to be employed in appeals to the potential donors and



the unlearned patrons of the university; as well as to the public



at large。



    So the chief of bureau; with the aid and concurrence of his



loyal staff; will aim to offer as extensive and varied a range of



instruction as the field assigned his department will admit。 Out



of this competitive aggrandizement of departments there may even



arise a diplomatic contention between heads of departments; as to



the precise frontiers between their respective domains; each



being ambitious to magnify his office and acquire merit by



including much of the field and many of the students under his



own dominion。(7*) Such a conflict of jurisdiction is particularly



apt to arise in case; as may happen; the number of scholastic



departments exceeds the number of patently distinguishable



provinces of knowledge; and competitive business principles



constantly afford provocation to such a discrepancy; at the hands



of an executive pushed by the need of a show of magnitude and



large traffic。 It follows; further; from these circumstances;



that wherever contiguous academic departments are occupied with



such closely related subject matter as would place them in a



position to supplement one another's work; the negotiations



involved in jealously guarding their respective frontiers may



even take on an acrimonious tone; and may involve more or less of



diplomatic mischief…making; so that; under this rule of



competitive management; opportunities for mutual comfort and aid



will not infrequently become occasion for mutual distrust and



hindrance。



    The broader the province and the more exuberant the range of



instruction appropriated to a given department and its corps of



teachers; the more creditable will be the statistical showing;



and the more meagre and threadbare are likely to be the



scientific results。 The corps of instructors will be the more



consistently organized and controlled with a view to their



dispensing accumulated knowledge; rather than to pursue further



inquiry in the direction of their scholarly inclination or



capacity; and frequently; indeed; to dispense a larger volume and



a wider range of knowledge than they are in any intimate sense



possessed of。



    It is by no means that no regard is had to the special



tastes; aptitudes; and attainments of the members of the staff;



in so apportioning the work; these things are; commonly; given



such consideration as the exigencies of academic competition will



permit; but these exigencies decide that the criterion of special



fitness becomes a secondary consideration。 Wherever the



businesslike demands of a rounded and extensive schedule of



courses traverse the lines of special aptitude and training; the



requirements of the schedule must rule the case; whereas; of



course; the interests of science and scholarship; and of the best



efficiency in the instruction given; would decide that no demands



of the schedule be allowed to interfere with each man's doing the



work which he can do best; and nothing else。



    A schedule of instruction drawn on such lines of efficiency



would avoid duplication of course; and would curtail the number



of courses offered by any given department to such a modicum as



the special fitness of the members of the staff would allow them



to carry to the best effect。 It would also proceed on the obvious



assumption that co…ordinate departments in the several



universities should supplement one another's work;  an



assumption obvious to the meanest academic common sense。 But



amicable working arrangements of this kind between departments of



different universities; or between the several universities as a



whole; are of course virtually barred out under the current



policy of competitive duplication。 It is out of the question; in



the same manner and degree as the like co…operation between rival



department stores is out of the question。 Yet so urgently right



and good is such a policy of mutual supplement and support;



except as a business proposition; that some exchange of academic



civilities paraded under its cloak is constantly offered to view



in the manoeuvres of the competing captains of erudition。 The



well…published and nugatory(8*) periodic conferences of



presidents commonly have such an ostensible purpose。



    Competitive enterprise; reinforced with a sentimental



penchant for large figures; demands a full schedule of



in

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