captains of the civil war-第21章
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ant with fifteen thousand。 But Grant had twenty…seven thousand fit for duty at the end； in spite of all his losses。 He was fortunate in his chief staff officer； the devoted and capable John A。 Rawlins； afterwards a general and Secretary of War。 Two of his divisional commanders； Lew Wallace and； still more； C。F。 Smith； the old Commandant of Cadets； were also first…rate。 But the third； McClernand； here began to follow those distorting ideas which led to his dismissal later on。 The three chief Confederates ranked in reverse order of efficiency： Floyd first and worst； cantankerous Pillow next； and Buckner best though last。
The Federal prospect was anything but bright on the evening of the fourteenth。 Foote had just been repulsed； while McClernand had fought a silly little battle on his own account the day before； to the delight of the Confederates and the grievous annoyance of Grant。 The fifteenth dawned on a scene of midwinter discomfort in the Federal lines； where most of the rawest men had neither great…coats nor blankets； having thrown them away during the short march from Fort Henry； regardless of the fact that they would have to bivouac at Donelson。 Thus it was in no happy frame of mind that Grant slithered across the frozen mud to see what Foote proposed； and； when Foote explained that the gunboats would take ten days for indispensable repairs； Grant resigned himself to the very unwelcome idea of going through the long…drawn horrors of a regular winter siege。
But； to his intense surprise； the enemy saved him the trouble。 At first； when they had a slight preponderance of numbers； they stood fast and let Grant invest them。 Now that he had the preponderance they tried to cut their way out by the southern road； upstream； where McClernand's division stood guard。 As Grant came ashore from his interview with Foote an aide met him with the news that McClernand had been badly beaten and that the enemy was breaking out。 Grant set spurs to his horse and galloped the four muddy miles to his left； where that admirable soldier； C。F。 Smith； was as cool and wary as ever； harassing the enemy's new rear by threatening an assault； but keeping his division safe for whatever future use Grant wanted。 Wallace had also done the right thing； pressing the enemy on his own front and sending a brigade to relieve the pressure on McClernand。 These two generals were in conversation during a lull in the battle when Grant rode up； calmly returned their salutes； attentively listened to their reports； and then； instead of trying the Halleckian expedient of digging in farther back before the enemy could make a second rush； quietly said： 〃Gentlemen； the position on the right must be retaken。〃
Grant knew that Floyd was no soldier and that Pillow was a stumbling…block。 He read the enemy's mind like an open book and made up his own at once by the flash of intuition which told him that their men were mostly as much demoralized by finding their first attempt at escape more than half a failure as even McClernand's were by being driven back。 He decided to use Smith's fresh division for an assault in rear； while McClernand's； stiffened by Wallace's； should re…form and hold fast。 Before leaving the excited officers and men； who were talking in groups without thinking of their exhausted ammunition； he called out cheerily 〃Fill your cartridge boxes quick； and get into line。 The enemy is trying to escape and he must not be permitted to do so。〃 McClernand's division； excellent men； but not yet disciplined soldiers； responded at once to the touch of a master hand； and as Grant rode off to Smith's he had the satisfaction of seeing the defenseless groups melt； change； and harden into well…armed lines。
Smith； ready at all points； had only to slip his own division from the leash。 Buckner； who was to have covered the Confederate escape； was also ready with the guns of Fort Donelson and the rifles of defenses that 〃looked too thick for a rabbit to get through。〃 Smith； knowing his unseasoned men would need the example of a commander they could actually see； rode out in front of his center as if at a formal review。 〃I was nearly scared to death；〃 said one of his followers； 〃but I saw the old man's white moustache over his shoulder； and so I went on。〃 As the line neared the Confederate abatis a sudden gust of fire seemed to strike it numb。 In an instant Smith had his cap on the point of his sword。 Then； rising in his stirrups to his full gigantic height； he shouted in stentorian tones： 〃No flinching now； my lads！ Herethis way in！ Come on！〃 In； through； and out the other side they went； Smith riding ahead； holding his sword and cap aloft； and seeming to bear a charmed life amid that hail of bullets。 Up the slope he rode； the Confederates retiring before him； till； unscathed； he reached the deadly crest； where the Union colors waved defiance and the Union troops stood fast。
Floyd； being under special indictment at Washington for misconduct as Secretary of War； was so anxious to escape that he turned over the command to Pillow； who declined it in favor of Buckner。 That night Floyd and Pillow made off with all the river steamers； Forrest's cavalry floundered past McClernand's exposed flank； which rested on a shallow backwater； and Buckner was left with over twelve thousand men to make what terms he could。 Next morning； the sixteenth； he wrote to Grant proposing the appointment of commissioners to agree upon terms of surrender。 But Grant had made up his mind that compromise was out of place in civil war and that absolute defeat or victory were the only alternatives。 So he instantly wrote back the famous letter which quickly earned him the appropriate nicknamesuggested by his own initialsof Unconditional Surrender Grant。
Hd Qrs。； Army in the Field Camp near Donelson Feb'y 18th 1882
Gen。 S。B。 Buckner； Confed。 Army。
Sir： Yours of this date proposing armistice； and appointment of Commissioners to settle terms of capitulation is just received。 No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted。 I propose to move immediately upon your works
I am； Sir； very respectfully； Your obt。 sert。； U。S。 GRANT Brig。 Gen。
Grant and Buckner were old army friends； so their personal talk was very pleasant at the little tavern where Buckner and his staff had just breakfasted off corn bread and coffee； which was all the Confederate stores afforded。
Donelson at once became； like Grant； a name to conjure with。 The fact that the Union had at last won a fight in which the numbers neared； and the losses much exceeded； those at Bull Run itself； the further fact that this victory made a fatal breach in the defiant Southern line beyond the Alleghanies； and the delight of discovering another； and this time a genuine； hero in 〃Unconditional Surrender Grant；〃 all combined to set the loyal North aflame with satisfaction； pride； and joyful expectation。 Great things were expected in Virginia； where the invasion had not yet begun。 Great things were expected in the Gulf； where Farragut had not yet tried the Mississippi。 And great things were expected to result from Donelson itself； whence the Union forces were to press on south till they met other Union forces pressing north。 The river campaign was then to end in a blaze of glory。
Donelson did have important results。 Johnston； who had already abandoned Bowling Green for Nashville； had now to abandon Nashville； with most of its great and very sorely needed stores； as well as the rest of Tennessee； and take up a new position along the rails that ran from Memphis to Chattanooga； whence they forked northeast to Richmond and Washington and southeast to Charleston and Savannah。 Columbus was also abandoned； and the only points left to the Confederates anywhere near the old line were Island Number Ten in the Mississippi and the Boston Mountains in Arkansas。
But the triumphant Union advance from the north did not take place in '62。 Grant was for pushing south as fast as possible to attack the Confederates before they had time to defend their great railway junction at Corinth。 But Halleck was too cautious； and misunderstandings； coupled
