eminent victorians-第22章
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'vous etes effectivement croyant。' 'En Dieu;' replied M。 Thiers。
The Rome which Manning reached towards the close of 1869 was
still the Rome which; for so many centuries; had been the proud
and visible apex; the palpitating heart; the sacred sanctuary;
of the most extraordinary mingling of spiritual and earthly
powers that the world has ever known。 The Pope now; it is true;
ruled over little more than the City itself the Patrimony of
St。
Peter and he ruled there less by the Grace of God than by the
goodwill of Napoleon III; yet he was still a sovereign Prince;
and Rome was still the capital of the Papal State; she was not
yet the capital of Italy。 The last hour of this strange dominion
had almost struck。 As if she knew that her doom was upon her;
the Eternal City arrayed herself to meet it in all her glory。
The whole world seemed to be gathered together within her
walls。 Her streets were filled with crowned heads and Princes
of the Church; great ladies and great theologians; artists
and friars; diplomats and newspaper reporters。 Seven hundred
bishops were there from all the corners of Christendom;
and in all the varieties of ecclesiastical magnificence in
falling lace and sweeping purple and flowing violet veils。
Zouaves stood in the colonnade of St Peter's; and Papal
troops were on the Quirinal。 Cardinals passed; hatted and
robed; in their enormous carriage of state; like mysterious
painted idols。 Then there was a sudden hush: the crowd grew
thicker and expectation filled; the air。 Yes! it was he! He was
coming! The Holy Father! But first there appeared; mounted on a
white mule and clothed in a magenta mantle; a grave dignitary
bearing aloft a silver cross。 The golden coach followed; drawn by
six horses gorgeously caparisoned; and within; the smiling white…
haired Pio Nono; scattering his benedictions; while the multitude
fell upon its knees as one man。 Such were the daily spectacles of
coloured pomp and of antique solemnity; which so long as the sun
was shining; at any rate dazzled the onlooker into a happy
forgetfulness of the reverse side of the Papal dispensation the
nauseating filth of the highways; the cattle stabled in the
palaces of the great; and the fever flitting through the ghastly
tenements of the poor。
In St。 Peter's; the North Transept had been screened off; rows of
wooden seats had been erected covered with Brussels carpet; and
upon these seats sat each crowned with a white mitre; the 700
Bishops in Council。 Here all day long rolled forth; in sonorous
Latin; the interminable periods of episcopal oratory; but it was
not here that the issue of the Council was determined。 The
assembled Fathers might talk till the marbles of St。 Peter's
themselves grew weary of the reverberations; the fate of the
Church was decided in a very different manner by little knots
of influential persons meeting quietly of a morning in the back
room of some inconspicuous lodging…house; by a sunset rendezvous
in the Borghese Gardens between a Cardinal and a Diplomatist by a
whispered conference in an alcove at a Princess's evening party;
with the gay world chattering all about。 And; of course; on such
momentous occasions as these; Manning was in his element。 None
knew those difficult ropes better than he; none used them with a
more serviceable and yet discreet alacrity。 In every juncture he
had the right word; or the right silence; his influence ramified
in all directions; from the Pope's audience chamber to the
English Cabinet。 'Il Diavolo del Concilio' his enemies called
him; and he gloried in the name。
The real crux of the position was less ecclesiastical than
diplomatic。 The Papal Court; with its huge majority of Italian
Bishops; could make sure enough; when it came to the point; of
carrying its wishes through the Council; what was far more
dubious was the attitude of the foreign Governments
especially those of France and England。 The French Government
dreaded a schism among its Catholic subjects; it disliked the
prospect of an extension of the influence of the Pope over the
mass of the population of France; and; since the very existence
of the last remnant of the Pope's Temporal Power depended upon
the French army; it was able to apply considerable pressure upon
the Vatican。 The interests of England were less directly
involved; but it happened that at this moment Mr。 Gladstone was
Prime Minister; and Mr。 Gladstone entertained strong views upon
the Infallibility of the Pope。 His opinions upon the subject were
in part the outcome of his friendship with Lord Acton; a
historian to whom learning and judgment had not been granted in
equal proportions; and who; after years of incredible and indeed
well…nigh mythical research; had come to the conclusion that the
Pope could err。 In this Mr。 Gladstone entirely concurred; though
he did not share the rest of his friend's theological opinions;
for Lord Acton; while straining at the gnat of Infallibility; had
swallowed the camel of the Roman Catholic Faith。 'Que diable
allait…il faire dans cette galere?' one cannot help asking; as
one watched that laborious and scrupulous scholar; that lifelong
enthusiast for liberty; that almost hysterical reviler of
priesthood and persecution; trailing his learning so discrepantly
along the dusty Roman way。 But; there are some who know how to
wear their Rome with a difference; and Lord Acton was one of
these。
He was now engaged in fluttering like a moth round the Council
and in writing long letters to Mr。 Gladstone; impressing upon him
the gravity of the situation; and urging him to bring his
influence to bear。 If the; Dogma were carried he declared; no
man who accepted it could remain a loyal subject and Catholics
would everywhere become 'irredeemable enemies of civil and
religious liberty'。 In these circumstances; was it not plainly
incumbent upon the English Government; involved as it was with
the powerful Roman Catholic forces in Ireland; to intervene? Mr。
Gladstone allowed himself to become convinced; and Lord Acton
began to hope that his efforts would be successful。 But; he had
forgotten one element in the situation; he had reckoned without
the Archbishop of Westminster。 The sharp nose of Manning sniffed
out the whole intrigue。 Though he despised Lord Acton almost as
much as he disliked him'such men;' he said; 'are all vanity:
they have the inflation of German professors; and the ruthless
talk of undergraduates'yet he realised clearly enough the
danger of his correspondence with the Prime Minister; and
immediately took steps to counteract it。 There was a semi…
official agent of the English Government in Rome; Mr。 Odo
Russell;
and around him Manning set to work to spin his spider's web of
delicate and clinging diplomacy。 Preliminary politenesses were
followed by long walks upon the Pincio; and the gradual
interchange of more and more important and confidential
communications。 Soon poor Mr。 Russell was little better than a
fly
buzzing in gossamer。 And Manning was careful to see that he
buzzed on the right note。 In his dispatches to the Foreign
Secretary; Lord Clarendon; Mr。 Russell explained in detail the
true nature of the Council; that it was merely a meeting of a
few Roman Catholic prelates to discuss some internal matters of
Church discipline; that it had no political significance
whatever; that the question of Infallibility; about which there
had been so much random talk; was a purely theological question;
and that; whatever decision might be come to on the subject; the
position of Roman Catholics throughout the world would remain
unchanged。
Whether the effect of these affirmations upon Lord Clarendon was
as great as Manning supposed is somewhat doubtful; but it is at
any rate certain that Mr。 Gladstone failed to carry the Cabinet
with
him; and; when at last a proposal was definitely made that the
English
Government should invite the Powers of