the prince(Íõ×Ó)-µÚ17ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡ancient¡¡mercenaries£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡the¡¡Carthaginians£»¡¡who¡¡
were¡¡¡¡¡¡oppressed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡mercenary¡¡¡¡¡¡soldiers¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Romans£»¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Carthaginians¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡citizens¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡captains¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡54¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡55¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡
After¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡Epaminondas£»¡¡Philip¡¡of¡¡Macedon¡¡was¡¡made¡¡captain¡¡of¡¡
their¡¡soldiers¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Thebans£»¡¡and¡¡after¡¡victory¡¡he¡¡took¡¡away¡¡their¡¡liberty¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Duke¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Filippo¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dead£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Milanese¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enlisted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Francesco¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sforza¡¡
against¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Venetians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡overcome¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enemy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡
Caravaggio£»£§*£§¡¡allied¡¡himself¡¡with¡¡them¡¡to¡¡crush¡¡the¡¡Milanese£»¡¡his¡¡masters¡£¡¡
His¡¡father£»¡¡Sforza£»¡¡having¡¡been¡¡engaged¡¡by¡¡Queen¡¡Johanna£§£«£§¡¡of¡¡Naples£»¡¡
left¡¡her¡¡unprotected£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡she¡¡was¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡throw¡¡herself¡¡into¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Aragon£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡save¡¡her¡¡kingdom¡£¡¡And¡¡if¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡
and¡¡Florentines¡¡formerly¡¡extended¡¡their¡¡dominions¡¡by¡¡these¡¡arms£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡
their¡¡captains¡¡did¡¡not¡¡make¡¡themselves¡¡princes£»¡¡but¡¡have¡¡defended¡¡them£»¡¡I¡¡
reply¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡have¡¡been¡¡favoured¡¡by¡¡chance£»¡¡for¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡able¡¡captains£»¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡might¡¡have¡¡stood¡¡in¡¡fear£»¡¡some¡¡have¡¡not¡¡
conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡opposed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡others¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
ambitions¡¡elsewhere¡£¡¡One¡¡who¡¡did¡¡not¡¡conquer¡¡was¡¡Giovanni¡¡Acuto£»£§£¥£§¡¡
and¡¡since¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡conquer¡¡his¡¡fidelity¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡proved£»¡¡but¡¡every¡¡one¡¡
will¡¡¡¡¡¡acknowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Florentines¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡
stood¡¡at¡¡his¡¡discretion¡£¡¡Sforza¡¡had¡¡the¡¡Bracceschi¡¡always¡¡against¡¡him£»¡¡so¡¡
they¡¡¡¡¡¡watched¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Francesco¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡ambition¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡
Braccio¡¡against¡¡the¡¡Church¡¡and¡¡the¡¡kingdom¡¡of¡¡Naples¡£¡¡But¡¡let¡¡us¡¡come¡¡to¡¡
that¡¡which¡¡happened¡¡a¡¡short¡¡while¡¡ago¡£¡¡The¡¡Florentines¡¡appointed¡¡as¡¡their¡¡
captain¡¡Pagolo¡¡Vitelli£»¡¡a¡¡most¡¡prudent¡¡man£»¡¡who¡¡from¡¡a¡¡private¡¡position¡¡
had¡¡risen¡¡to¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡renown¡£¡¡If¡¡this¡¡man¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡Pisa£»¡¡nobody¡¡can¡¡
deny¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡proper¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Florentines¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
him£»¡¡for¡¡if¡¡he¡¡became¡¡the¡¡soldier¡¡of¡¡their¡¡enemies¡¡they¡¡had¡¡no¡¡means¡¡of¡¡
resisting£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡held¡¡to¡¡him¡¡they¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡him¡£¡¡The¡¡Venetians£»¡¡¡¡if¡¡
their¡¡achievements¡¡are¡¡considered£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡have¡¡acted¡¡safely¡¡and¡¡
gloriously¡¡so¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡they¡¡¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡their¡¡¡¡own¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡when¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡armed¡¡
gentlemen¡¡and¡¡plebians¡¡they¡¡did¡¡valiantly¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡before¡¡they¡¡turned¡¡to¡¡
enterprises¡¡on¡¡land£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡they¡¡began¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡on¡¡land¡¡they¡¡forsook¡¡this¡¡
virtue¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡followed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡custom¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Italy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
expansion¡¡on¡¡land£»¡¡through¡¡not¡¡having¡¡much¡¡territory£»¡¡and¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their¡¡
great¡¡reputation£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡not¡¡much¡¡to¡¡fear¡¡from¡¡their¡¡captains£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡
they¡¡expanded£»¡¡as¡¡under¡¡Carmignuola£»£§#£§¡¡they¡¡had¡¡a¡¡taste¡¡of¡¡this¡¡mistake£»¡¡
for£»¡¡having¡¡found¡¡him¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡valiant¡¡man¡¡£¨they¡¡¡¡beat¡¡the¡¡Duke¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Milan¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡56¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡
under¡¡his¡¡leadership£©£»¡¡and£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡knowing¡¡how¡¡lukewarm¡¡he¡¡
was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡war£»¡¡they¡¡feared¡¡they¡¡would¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡conquer¡¡under¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡
for¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡they¡¡were¡¡not¡¡willing£»¡¡nor¡¡were¡¡they¡¡able£»¡¡to¡¡let¡¡him¡¡go£»¡¡and¡¡
so£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡lose¡¡again¡¡that¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had¡¡acquired£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡compelled£»¡¡in¡¡
order¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡themselves£»¡¡to¡¡murder¡¡him¡£¡¡They¡¡had¡¡afterwards¡¡for¡¡their¡¡
captains¡¡Bartolomeo¡¡da¡¡Bergamo£»¡¡Roberto¡¡da¡¡San¡¡Severino£»¡¡the¡¡count¡¡of¡¡
Pitigliano£»£§&£§¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡like£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡dread¡¡¡¡¡¡loss¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡
gain£»¡¡as¡¡happened¡¡afterwards¡¡at¡¡Vaila£»£§£§¡¡where¡¡in¡¡one¡¡battle¡¡they¡¡lost¡¡that¡¡
which¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡eight¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡acquired¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡trouble¡£¡¡
Because¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡arms¡¡¡¡¡¡conquests¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡slowly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡delayed¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
inconsiderable£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡losses¡¡sudden¡¡and¡¡portentous¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§*£§¡¡Battle¡¡of¡¡Caravaggio£»¡¡15th¡¡September¡¡1448¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£«£§¡¡Johanna¡¡II¡¡of¡¡Naples£»¡¡the¡¡widow¡¡of¡¡Ladislao£»¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Naples¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£¥£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Giovanni¡¡¡¡¡¡Acuto¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡knight¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡Sir¡¡¡¡¡¡John¡¡
Hawkwood¡£¡¡He¡¡fought¡¡in¡¡the¡¡English¡¡wars¡¡in¡¡France£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡knighted¡¡by¡¡
Edward¡¡III£»¡¡afterwards¡¡he¡¡collected¡¡a¡¡body¡¡of¡¡troops¡¡and¡¡went¡¡into¡¡Italy¡£¡¡
These¡¡became¡¡the¡¡famous¡¡¡¨White¡¡Company¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡took¡¡part¡¡in¡¡many¡¡wars£»¡¡
and¡¡died¡¡in¡¡Florence¡¡in¡¡1394¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡born¡¡about¡¡1320¡¡at¡¡Sible¡¡Hedingham£»¡¡
a¡¡village¡¡in¡¡Essex¡£¡¡He¡¡married¡¡Domnia£»¡¡a¡¡daughter¡¡of¡¡Bernabo¡¡Visconti¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§#£§¡¡Carmignuola¡£¡¡Francesco¡¡Bussone£»¡¡born¡¡at¡¡Carmagnola¡¡about¡¡1390£»¡¡
executed¡¡at¡¡Venice£»¡¡5th¡¡May¡¡1432¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§&£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Bartolomeo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Colleoni¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Bergamo£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡died¡¡¡¡¡¡1457¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Roberto¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡San¡¡
Severino£»¡¡died¡¡fighting¡¡for¡¡Venice¡¡against¡¡Sigismund£»¡¡Duke¡¡of¡¡Austria£»¡¡in¡¡
1487¡£¡¡¡¨Primo¡¡capitano¡¡in¡¡Italia¡£¡¨Machiavelli¡£¡¡Count¡¡of¡¡Pitigliano£»¡¡Nicolo¡¡
Orsini£»¡¡born¡¡1442£»¡¡died¡¡1510¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£§¡¡Battle¡¡of¡¡Vaila¡¡in¡¡1509¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡as¡¡with¡¡these¡¡examples¡¡I¡¡have¡¡reached¡¡Italy£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡ruled¡¡
for¡¡many¡¡years¡¡by¡¡mercenaries£»¡¡I¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡discuss¡¡them¡¡more¡¡seriously£»¡¡in¡¡
order¡¡that£»¡¡having¡¡seen¡¡their¡¡rise¡¡and¡¡progress£»¡¡one¡¡may¡¡be¡¡better¡¡prepared¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡counteract¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡understand¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡empire¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡recently¡¡
come¡¡to¡¡be¡¡repudiated¡¡in¡¡Italy£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Pope¡¡has¡¡acquired¡¡more¡¡temporal¡¡
power£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡Italy¡¡has¡¡been¡¡divided¡¡up¡¡into¡¡more¡¡states£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡
that¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡cities¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡arms¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡nobles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡
formerly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡favoured¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡emperor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡oppressing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whilst¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡56¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡57¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡
Church¡¡was¡¡favouring¡¡them¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡authority¡¡in¡¡temporal¡¡power£º¡¡in¡¡
many¡¡others¡¡their¡¡citizens¡¡became¡¡princes¡£¡¡From¡¡this¡¡it¡¡came¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡that¡¡
Italy¡¡¡¡¡¡fell¡¡¡¡¡¡partly¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Church¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡republics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Church¡¡consisting¡¡of¡¡priests¡¡and¡¡the¡¡republic¡¡of¡¡citizens¡¡unaccustomed¡¡to¡¡
arms£»¡¡both¡¡commenced¡¡to¡¡enlist¡¡foreigners¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡first¡¡who¡¡gave¡¡renown¡¡to¡¡this¡¡soldiery¡¡was¡¡Alberigo¡¡da¡¡Conio£»£§*£§¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Romagnian¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sprang£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡others£»¡¡
Braccio¡¡and¡¡Sforza£»¡¡who¡¡in¡¡their¡¡time¡¡were¡¡the¡¡arbiters¡¡of¡¡Italy¡£¡¡After¡¡these¡¡
came¡¡all¡¡the¡¡other¡¡captains¡¡who¡¡till¡¡now¡¡have¡¡directed¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡of¡¡Italy£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡valour¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡overrun¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
Charles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡robbed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Louis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡ravaged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Ferdinand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡insulted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Switzers¡£¡¡The¡¡principle¡¡that¡¡has¡¡guided¡¡them¡¡has¡¡been£»¡¡first£»¡¡to¡¡lower¡¡the¡¡
credit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡infantry¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡
because£»¡¡subsisting¡¡on¡¡their¡¡pay¡¡and¡¡without¡¡territory£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡
support¡¡many¡¡soldiers£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡few¡¡infantry¡¡did¡¡not¡¡give¡¡them¡¡any¡¡authority£»¡¡
so¡¡they¡¡were¡¡led¡¡to¡¡employ¡¡cavalry£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡moderate¡¡force¡¡of¡¡which¡¡they¡¡
were¡¡¡¡¡¡maintained¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡honoured£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡affairs¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡pass¡¡
that£»¡¡in¡¡an¡¡army¡¡of¡¡twenty¡¡thousand¡¡soldiers£»¡¡there¡¡were¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found¡¡
two¡¡thousand¡¡foot¡¡soldiers¡£¡¡They¡¡had£»¡¡besides¡¡this£»¡¡used¡¡every¡¡art¡¡to¡¡lessen¡¡
fatigue¡¡and¡¡danger¡¡to¡¡themselves¡¡and¡¡their¡¡soldiers£»¡¡not¡¡killing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fray£»¡¡
but¡¡¡¡¡¡taking¡¡¡¡¡¡prisoners¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡liberating¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡ransom¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡attack¡¡
towns¡¡at¡¡night£»¡¡nor¡¡did¡¡the¡¡garrisons¡¡of¡¡the¡¡towns¡¡attack¡¡encampments¡¡at¡¡
night£»¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡surround¡¡the¡¡camp¡¡either¡¡¡¡with¡¡stockade¡¡or¡¡ditch£»¡¡¡¡nor¡¡
did¡¡they¡¡campaign¡¡in¡¡the¡¡winter¡£¡¡All¡¡these¡¡things¡¡were¡¡permitted¡¡by¡¡their¡¡
military¡¡rules£»¡¡and¡¡devised¡¡by¡¡them¡¡to¡¡avoid£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡said£»¡¡both¡¡fatigue¡¡
and¡¡dangers£»¡¡thus¡¡they¡¡have¡¡brought¡¡Italy¡¡to¡¡slavery¡¡and¡¡contempt¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§*£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Alberigo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡da¡¡¡¡Conio¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Alberico¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡da¡¡¡¡¡¡Barbiano£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Count¡¡¡¡¡¡