±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the ancien regime(¹Å±øÍÅ) >

µÚ5ÕÂ

the ancien regime(¹Å±øÍÅ)-µÚ5ÕÂ

С˵£º the ancien regime(¹Å±øÍÅ) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡






¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡13¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡14¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ANCIEN¡¡REGIME¡¡



content¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡High¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡low¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡asked¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡asked¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡

slaughtered¡¡on¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡battle¡­fields£»¡¡burnt¡¡out¡¡of¡¡house¡¡and¡¡home£º¡¡vast¡¡

tracts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡centre¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lying¡¡¡¡¡¡desert£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡population¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡

diminished¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡several¡¡¡¡¡¡generations¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡trading¡¡¡¡¡¡classes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡ruined¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

long¡¡war£»¡¡only¡¡asked¡¡to¡¡be¡¡let¡¡live£»¡¡and¡¡make¡¡a¡¡little¡¡money¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡nobility£»¡¡

too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡asked¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡£¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡lost£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡struggle£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

only¡¡often¡¡lands¡¡and¡¡power£»¡¡but¡¡their¡¡ablest¡¡and¡¡bravest¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡weaker¡¡

and¡¡meaner¡¡generation¡¡was¡¡left¡¡behind£»¡¡to¡¡do¡¡the¡¡governing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡

Let¡¡them¡¡live£»¡¡and¡¡keep¡¡what¡¡they¡¡had¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡signs¡¡of¡¡vigour¡¡still¡¡appeared¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Louis¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡XIV¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡feverish£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡factitious£»¡¡

temporary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡soon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡event¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proved£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡droop¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡

exhaustion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡waged¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

succession£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡diplomacy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡principle£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡waged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

mightiest¡¡invisible¡¡interests¡¡of¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡exhaustion¡¡was¡¡general£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡

it¡¡we¡¡must¡¡attribute¡¡alike¡¡the¡¡changes¡¡and¡¡the¡¡conservatism¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ancien¡¡

Regime¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡it¡¡is¡¡owing¡¡that¡¡growth¡¡of¡¡a¡¡centralising¡¡despotism£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡

arbitrary¡¡¡¡¡¡regal¡¡¡¡¡¡power£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡¡¡¡¡Tocqueville¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡forth¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡book¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡shall¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡occasion¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡quote¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡owing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

longing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡childish£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forms£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡etiquettes£»¡¡

dignities£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡court¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡costumes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡formalities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡diplomatic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡legal£»¡¡¡¡¡¡ecclesiastical¡£¡¡

Men¡¡¡¡¡¡clung¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡keepsakes¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pastrevered¡¡¡¡¡¡relics¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

intelligible¡¡and¡¡better¡­ordered¡¡times¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡the¡¡spirit¡¡had¡¡been¡¡beaten¡¡out¡¡of¡¡

them¡¡in¡¡a¡¡century¡¡of¡¡battle£»¡¡that¡¡was¡¡all¡¡the¡¡more¡¡reason¡¡for¡¡keeping¡¡up¡¡the¡¡

letter¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡meaning¡¡once£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡once£»¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

little¡¡life¡¡left¡¡in¡¡them¡¡still£»¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡dry¡¡bones¡¡would¡¡clothe¡¡themselves¡¡

with¡¡flesh¡¡once¡¡¡¡more£»¡¡and¡¡stand¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡feet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡least¡¡it¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡useful¡¡

that¡¡the¡¡common¡¡people¡¡should¡¡so¡¡believe¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡good¡¡hope¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

simple¡¡masses£»¡¡¡¡seeing¡¡the¡¡old¡¡dignities¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡formalities¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡parading¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

streets£»¡¡should¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡they¡¡still¡¡contained¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡not¡¡mere¡¡

wooden¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡figures£»¡¡¡¡¡¡dressed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡artistically¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡official¡¡¡¡¡¡costume¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

whole£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡hope¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡deceived¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡More¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡century¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡bitter¡¡

experience¡¡was¡¡needed¡¡ere¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡discovered¡¡that¡¡their¡¡ancient¡¡rulers¡¡

were¡¡like¡¡the¡¡suits¡¡of¡¡armour¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Tower¡¡of¡¡Londonempty¡¡iron¡¡astride¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡wooden¡¡¡¡¡¡steeds£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡armed¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡lances¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡ploughboy¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡14¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡15¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ANCIEN¡¡REGIME¡¡



wrest¡¡out¡¡of¡¡their¡¡hands£»¡¡and¡¡use¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own¡¡behalf¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡mistake¡¡of¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡was¡¡pardonable¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡those¡¡suits¡¡of¡¡armour¡¡

had¡¡once¡¡held¡¡living¡¡men£»¡¡strong£»¡¡brave£»¡¡wise£»¡¡men¡¡of¡¡an¡¡admirable¡¡temper£»¡¡

doing¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡light£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡altogether¡¡¡¡¡¡wellwhat¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡

does¡¡that¡¡on¡¡earth£¿but¡¡well¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡make¡¡themselves¡¡necessary¡¡to£»¡¡and¡¡

loyally¡¡followed¡¡by£»¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡ruled¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡one¡¡can¡¡read¡¡fairly¡¡

the¡¡¡¨Gesta¡¡Dei¡¡per¡¡Francos¡¡in¡¡Oriente£»¡¨¡¡or¡¡the¡¡deeds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Nobility¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡taleshowever¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡legendaryof¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

mediaeval¡¡knights£»¡¡which¡¡form¡¡so¡¡noble¡¡an¡¡element¡¡in¡¡German¡¡literature£»¡¡

without¡¡¡¡¡¡seeing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡¡¡¡¡black¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡men's¡¡¡¡¡¡occasional¡¡¡¡¡¡crimes£»¡¡

they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡truly¡¡¡¡¡¡noble¡¡¡¡¡¡race£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Nobility¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Continent£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡race¡¡

which¡¡ruled¡¡simply¡¡because£»¡¡without¡¡them£»¡¡there¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡naught¡¡

but¡¡anarchy¡¡and¡¡barbarism¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡their¡¡chivalrous¡¡ideal¡¡they¡¡were¡¡too¡¡often£»¡¡

perhaps¡¡for¡¡the¡¡most¡¡part£»¡¡untrue£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but£»¡¡partial¡¡and¡¡defective¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡

an¡¡ideal¡¡such¡¡as¡¡never¡¡entered¡¡into¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡Celt¡¡or¡¡Gaul£»¡¡Hun¡¡or¡¡Sclav£»¡¡

one¡¡which¡¡seems¡¡continuous¡¡with¡¡the¡¡spread¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Teutonic¡¡conquerors¡£¡¡

They¡¡ruled¡¡because¡¡they¡¡did¡¡practically¡¡raise¡¡the¡¡ideal¡¡of¡¡humanity¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

countries¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡stage¡¡¡¡¡¡higher¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡ceased¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

rule¡¡when¡¡they¡¡were£»¡¡through¡¡their¡¡own¡¡sins£»¡¡caught¡¡up¡¡and¡¡surpassed¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡race¡¡of¡¡progress¡¡by¡¡the¡¡classes¡¡below¡¡them¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡even¡¡when¡¡at¡¡its¡¡best£»¡¡their¡¡system¡¡of¡¡government¡¡had¡¡in¡¡it¡¡like¡¡

all¡¡human¡¡inventionoriginal¡¡sin£»¡¡an¡¡unnatural¡¡and¡¡unrighteous¡¡¡¡¡¡element£»¡¡

which¡¡was¡¡certain£»¡¡sooner¡¡or¡¡later£»¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡decay¡¡and¡¡ruin¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡old¡¡

Nobility¡¡of¡¡Europe¡¡was¡¡not¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡aristocracy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡caste£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡race¡¡

not¡¡intermarrying¡¡with¡¡the¡¡races¡¡below¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡not¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡aristocracy¡£¡¡

For¡¡that£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡supremacy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡best¡¡men£»¡¡all¡¡societies¡¡strive£»¡¡or¡¡profess¡¡

to¡¡strive¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡such¡¡a¡¡true¡¡aristocracy¡¡may¡¡exist¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡caste£»¡¡or¡¡

the¡¡hereditary¡¡principle¡¡at¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡may¡¡conceive¡¡an¡¡Utopia£»¡¡governed¡¡by¡¡

an¡¡aristocracy¡¡which¡¡should¡¡be¡¡really¡¡democratic£»¡¡which¡¡should¡¡use£»¡¡under¡¡

developed¡¡¡¡¡¡forms£»¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡method¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mediaeval¡¡priesthood¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡democratic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡institution¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Christendom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bringing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡

surface¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡utilising¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡talents¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡virtues¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡classes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

lowest¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conceive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡aristocracy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡choosing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡out£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gladly¡¡

receiving¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡ranks¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡equals£»¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡youth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡maiden£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡15¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡16¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ANCIEN¡¡REGIME¡¡



was¡¡¡¡¡¡distinguished¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡intellect£»¡¡¡¡¡¡virtue£»¡¡¡¡¡¡valour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡beauty£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡respect¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

rank¡¡or¡¡birth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡rejecting¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡turn£»¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡ranks£»¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡

children¡¡who¡¡fell¡¡below¡¡some¡¡lofty¡¡standard£»¡¡and¡¡showed¡¡by¡¡weakliness£»¡¡

dulness£»¡¡or¡¡baseness£»¡¡incapacity¡¡for¡¡the¡¡post¡¡of¡¡guiding¡¡and¡¡elevating¡¡their¡¡

fellow¡­citizens¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡would¡¡arise¡¡a¡¡true¡¡aristocracy£»¡¡a¡¡governing¡¡body¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡really¡¡most¡¡worthythe¡¡most¡¡highly¡¡organised¡¡in¡¡body¡¡and¡¡in¡¡mind¡¡

perpetually¡¡recruited¡¡from¡¡below£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡which£»¡¡or¡¡from¡¡any¡¡other¡¡ideal£»¡¡

we¡¡are¡¡yet¡¡a¡¡few¡¡thousand¡¡years¡¡distant¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Ancien¡¡¡¡¡¡Regime¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡shuddered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡shudder£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

such¡¡a¡¡notion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡supreme¡¡class¡¡was¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡itself¡¡pure£»¡¡and¡¡avoid¡¡all¡¡

taint¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡darker¡¡¡¡¡¡blood£»¡¡¡¡¡¡shutting¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡

famous¡¡¡¡¡¡heroes¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡born¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡­handed¡¡¡¡¡¡marriages¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Robert¡¡of¡¡Normandy¡¡with¡¡the¡¡tanner's¡¡daughter¡¡of¡¡Falaise¡£¡¡¡¨Some¡¡are¡¡so¡¡

curious¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡behalf£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡quaint¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Burton£»¡¡¡¡¡¡writing¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡1650£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨as¡¡

these¡¡old¡¡Romans£»¡¡our¡¡modern¡¡Venetians£»¡¡Dutch£»¡¡and¡¡French£»¡¡that¡¡if¡¡two¡¡

parties¡¡dearly¡¡love£»¡¡the¡¡one¡¡noble£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡ignoble£»¡¡they¡¡may¡¡not£»¡¡by¡¡their¡¡

laws£»¡¡match£»¡¡though¡¡equal¡¡otherwise¡¡in¡¡years£»¡¡fortunes£»¡¡education£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡

good¡¡¡¡¡¡affection¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡Germany£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡prove¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡gentility¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

three¡¡descents£»¡¡they¡¡scorn¡¡to¡¡match¡¡with¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡nobleman¡¡must¡¡marry¡¡a¡¡

noblewoman£»¡¡a¡¡baron£»¡¡a¡¡baron's¡¡daughter£»¡¡a¡¡knight£»¡¡a¡¡knight's¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡slaters¡¡

sort¡¡their¡¡slates£»¡¡do¡¡they¡¡degrees¡¡and¡¡families¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡doubtless¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡theorylike¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡ground¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

many¡¡¡¡¡¡centuries

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ