±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the ancien regime(¹Å±øÍÅ) >

µÚ22ÕÂ

the ancien regime(¹Å±øÍÅ)-µÚ22ÕÂ

С˵£º the ancien regime(¹Å±øÍÅ) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




Richelieu¡¡£¨questionable¡¡men¡¡enough£©¡¡had¡¡succeeded¡¡a¡¡Dubois£»¡¡a¡¡Rohan£»¡¡a¡¡

Lomenie¡¡de¡¡Brienne£»¡¡a¡¡Maury£»¡¡a¡¡Talleyrand£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡revolution¡¡of¡¡1789¡¡

thoughtful¡¡Frenchmen¡¡asked£»¡¡once¡¡and¡¡for¡¡all£»¡¡what¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡done¡¡with¡¡a¡¡

Church¡¡of¡¡which¡¡these¡¡were¡¡the¡¡hierophants£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whether¡¡these¡¡complaints¡¡affected¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Church¡¡as¡¡a¡¡¡¨religious¡¨¡¡

institution£»¡¡must¡¡depend¡¡entirely¡¡on¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡which¡¡is¡¡attached¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

word¡¡¡¨religion¡¨£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡they¡¡affected¡¡her¡¡on¡¡scientific£»¡¡rational£»¡¡and¡¡moral¡¡

grounds£»¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡any¡¡merely¡¡political¡¡one£»¡¡is¡¡as¡¡patent¡¡as¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

attack¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡based¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡­sided£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡virulent£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡somewhat¡¡

hypocritical£»¡¡¡¡¡¡considering¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡morals¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡assailants¡£¡¡

We¡¡knowor¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡knowthat¡¡within¡¡that¡¡religion¡¡which¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡61¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡62¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ANCIEN¡¡REGIME¡¡



philosophes¡¡£¨so¡¡distorted¡¡and¡¡defaced¡¡had¡¡it¡¡become£©¡¡a¡¡nightmare¡¡dream£»¡¡

crushing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mankind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡lie¡¡¡¡elements¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡divine£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡eternal£»¡¡

necessary¡¡for¡¡man¡¡in¡¡this¡¡life¡¡and¡¡the¡¡life¡¡to¡¡come¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡we¡¡are¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡

askHad¡¡they¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡chance¡¡of¡¡knowing¡¡what¡¡we¡¡know£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Have¡¡we¡¡proof¡¡

that¡¡their¡¡hatred¡¡was¡¡against¡¡all¡¡religion£»¡¡or¡¡only¡¡against¡¡that¡¡which¡¡they¡¡

saw¡¡¡¡around¡¡them£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Have¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡proof¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡would¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡equally¡¡¡¡hated£»¡¡

had¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡permanent¡¡¡¡¡¡contact¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡creeds¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡

certain¡¡¡¡¡¡faults¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡seemed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡¡¡¡¡¡Church£»¡¡

ineradicable¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡inexpiable£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Till¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡charitywhich¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

justiceeven¡¡for¡¡the¡¡philosophes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡eighteenth¡¡century¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡surely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡overlooked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡

Tocqueville£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡revolutions£»¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡

that¡¡both¡¡in¡¡America¡¡and¡¡in¡¡England£»¡¡¡¨while¡¡the¡¡boldest¡¡political¡¡doctrines¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡eighteenth¡­century¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡philosophers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡adopted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡anti¡­¡¡

religious¡¡doctrines¡¡have¡¡made¡¡no¡¡way¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡confesses¡¡that£»¡¡¡¨Among¡¡the¡¡English£»¡¡French¡¡irreligious¡¡philosophy¡¡

had¡¡been¡¡preached£»¡¡even¡¡before¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡philosophers¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡born¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡Bolingbroke¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡Voltaire¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Throughout¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

eighteenth¡¡century¡¡infidelity¡¡had¡¡celebrated¡¡champions¡¡in¡¡England¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Able¡¡

writers¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡profound¡¡¡¡¡¡thinkers¡¡¡¡¡¡espoused¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡cause£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡

able¡¡to¡¡render¡¡it¡¡triumphant¡¡as¡¡in¡¡France¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡these¡¡facts¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡no¡¡

doubt£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cause¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡gives¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡failure¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡infidelity¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡

surely¡¡sound¡¡new¡¡and¡¡strange¡¡to¡¡those¡¡who¡¡know¡¡the¡¡English¡¡literature¡¡and¡¡

history¡¡of¡¡that¡¡century¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was£»¡¡he¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨inasmuch¡¡as¡¡all¡¡those¡¡who¡¡had¡¡

anything¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡fear¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡revolutions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡eagerly¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡rescue¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

established¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡faith¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Surely¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡talk¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡revolutions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡wish£»¡¡

expressed¡¡or¡¡concealed£»¡¡to¡¡overthrow¡¡either¡¡government¡¡or¡¡society£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

aristocratic¡¡clique¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡English¡¡infidelity¡¡was¡¡confined¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡was£»¡¡at¡¡

least£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Voltaire£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡boasted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨All¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

modern¡¡¡¡¡¡philosophers¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡noise¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

world¡¡as¡¡was¡¡made¡¡in¡¡former¡¡days¡¡by¡¡the¡¡disputes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Cordeliers¡¡about¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡shape¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡sleeves¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡hoods¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨as¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡¡¡¡¡Tocqueville¡¡¡¡¡¡says£©¡¡

Bolingbroke¡¡set¡¡up¡¡Voltaire£»¡¡neither¡¡master¡¡nor¡¡pupil¡¡had¡¡any¡¡more¡¡leaning¡¡

than¡¡Hobbes¡¡had¡¡toward¡¡a¡¡democracy¡¡which¡¡was¡¡not¡¡dreaded¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡62¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡63¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ANCIEN¡¡REGIME¡¡



because¡¡it¡¡had¡¡never¡¡been¡¡heard¡¡of¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡if¡¡£¨as¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Tocqueville¡¡heartily¡¡

allows£©¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡apologists¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Christianity¡¡¡¡triumphed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

time¡¡being£»¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡their¡¡triumph¡¡must¡¡be¡¡sought¡¡in¡¡the¡¡plain¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡

such¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Berkeley£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Butler£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Paley£»¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡light£»¡¡

fought¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡fairly£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡common¡¡ground¡¡of¡¡reason¡¡and¡¡philosophy£»¡¡

instead¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡tradition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡authority£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Christianity¡¡¡¡¡¡current¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Englandwhether¡¡¡¡¡¡Quaker£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Puritan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡Anglican¡¡

offended£»¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡current¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡common¡­sense¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

human¡¡instincts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡many£»¡¡or¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sceptics¡¡themselves¡££§¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eighteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡century¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡saw¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡movement£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

powerful£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡because¡¡it¡¡was¡¡continually¡¡changing¡¡its¡¡shape£»¡¡even¡¡its¡¡

purpose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gaining¡¡¡¡¡¡fresh¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fresh¡¡¡¡¡¡adherents¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡change¡£¡¡

Propagated¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Locke£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡became¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

protest¡¡against¡¡the¡¡materialism¡¡of¡¡that¡¡school£»¡¡on¡¡behalf¡¡of¡¡all¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡or¡¡

calls¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡itself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡supernatural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mysterious¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Abjuring£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡honestly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡

politics£»¡¡it¡¡found¡¡itself¡¡sucked¡¡into¡¡the¡¡political¡¡whirlpool¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡itself£»¡¡

as¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡¡¡¡¡interests¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡

became¡¡an¡¡active¡¡promoter¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Revolution£»¡¡then¡¡it¡¡helped¡¡to¡¡destroy¡¡the¡¡

Revolution£»¡¡when¡¡that¡¡had£»¡¡under¡¡Napoleon£»¡¡become¡¡a¡¡levelling¡¡despotism£»¡¡

then¡¡it¡¡helped£»¡¡as¡¡actively£»¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡revolutionary¡¡principles¡¡alive£»¡¡after¡¡the¡¡

reaction¡¡of¡¡1815£ºa¡¡Protean¡¡institution£»¡¡whose¡¡power¡¡we¡¡in¡¡England¡¡are¡¡as¡¡

apt¡¡to¡¡undervalue¡¡as¡¡the¡¡governments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Continent¡¡were¡¡apt£»¡¡during¡¡the¡¡

eighteenth¡¡century£»¡¡to¡¡exaggerate¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡mean£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡Freemasonry£»¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡secret¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡societies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡honestly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡honourably¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disowned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

Freemasonry£»¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡copied¡¡it£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡actually¡¡¡¡sprung¡¡out¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡

England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Freemasonry¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡seems£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡liberal¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

respectable¡¡¡¡¡¡benefit¡­club£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡secret¡¡¡¡¡¡societies¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡needless¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡further¡¡

purposes£»¡¡¡¡amid¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡institutions¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡press¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Continent¡¡

during¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eighteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡century£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Freemasonry¡¡¡¡¡¡excited¡¡¡¡¡¡profound¡¡¡¡¡¡suspicion¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡fear¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡statesmen¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡knew¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡friends¡¡

from¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡foes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡precautions¡¡¡¡¡¡were£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡view£»¡¡

justified¡¡by¡¡the¡¡results¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡enter¡¡into¡¡the¡¡deep¡¡question¡¡of¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡Freemasonry¡£¡¡

One¡¡¡¡¡¡uninitiate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡am£»¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡right¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡63¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡64¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ANCIEN¡¡REGIME¡¡



questions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mediaeval¡¡lodge¡¡of¡¡Kilwinning¡¡and¡¡its¡¡Scotch¡¡degrees£»¡¡on¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡¡¡Templars£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡Jacques¡¡¡¡¡¡Molay¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡burnt¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Paris£»¡¡

took¡¡refuge¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Isle¡¡of¡¡Mull£»¡¡in¡¡Scotland£»¡¡found¡¡there¡¡another¡¡Templar¡¡

and¡¡brother¡¡Mason£»¡¡ominously¡¡named¡¡Harris£»¡¡took¡¡to¡¡the¡¡trowel¡¡in¡¡earnest£»¡¡

and¡¡revived¡¡the¡¡Order£»on¡¡the¡¡Masons¡¡who¡¡built¡¡Magdeburg¡¡Cathedral¡¡in¡¡

876£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡English¡¡Masons¡¡assembled¡¡in¡¡Pagan¡¡times¡¡by¡¡¡¨St¡£¡¡Albone£»¡¡that¡¡

worthy¡¡¡¡¡¡knight£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revival¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡Masonry¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Edwin£»¡¡¡¡¡¡son¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Athelstan£»¡¡on¡¡Magnus¡¡Grecus£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡been¡¡at¡¡the¡¡building¡¡of¡¡Solomon's¡¡

Temple£»¡¡and¡¡taught¡¡Masonry¡¡to¡¡Charles¡¡Martel£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pillars¡¡Jachin¡¡and¡¡

Boaz£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡masonry¡¡of¡¡Hiram¡¡of¡¡Tyre£»¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡of¡¡Adam¡¡himself£»¡¡of¡¡

whose¡¡first¡¡fig¡­leaf¡¡the¡¡masonic¡¡apron¡¡may¡¡be¡¡a¡¡typeon¡¡all¡¡these¡¡matters¡¡

I¡¡dare¡¡no¡¡more¡¡decide¡¡than¡¡on¡¡the¡¡making¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Trojan¡¡Horse£»¡¡the¡¡birth¡¡of¡¡

Romulus¡¡and¡¡Remus£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡incarnation¡¡of¡¡V

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ