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potentate; 〃I would rather have made this Alhambra my sepulchre than

have lived without a kingdom in the Alpuxarra。〃 How easy it is for

those in power and prosperity to preach heroism to the vanquished! how

little can they understand that life itself may rise in value with the

unfortunate; when nought but life remains I

  Slowly descending the 〃Hill of Tears;〃 I let my horse take his own

loitering gait back to Granada; while I turned the story of the

unfortunate Boabdil over in my mind。 In summing up the particulars I

found the balance inclining in his favor。 Throughout the whole of

his brief; turbulent; and disastrous reign; he gives evidence of a

mild and amiable character。 He; in the first instance; won the

hearts of his people by his affable and gracious manners; he was

always placable; and never inflicted any severity of punishment upon

those who occasionally rebelled against him。 He was personally

brave; but wanted moral courage; and; in times of difficulty and

perplexity; was wavering and irresolute。 This feebleness of spirit

hastened his downfall; while it deprived him of that heroic grace

which would have given grandeur and dignity to his fate; and

rendered him worthy of closing the splendid drama of the Moslem

domination in Spain。

                   Public Fetes of Granada。



  MY DEVOTED squire and whilom ragged cicerone Mateo Ximenes; had a

poor…devil passion for fates and holidays; and was never so eloquent

as when detailing the civil and religious festivals of Granada。 During

the preparations for the annual Catholic fete of Corpus Christi; he

was in a state of incessant transition between the Alhambra and the

subjacent city; bringing me daily accounts of the magnificent

arrangements that were in progress; and endeavoring; but in vain; to

lure me down from my cool and airy retreat to witness them。 At length;

on the eve of the eventful day I yielded to his solicitations and

descended from the regal halls of the Alhambra under his escort; as

did of yore the adventure…seeking Haroun Alraschid; under that of

his Grand Vizier Giaffar。 Though it was yet scarce sunset; the city

gates were already thronged with the picturesque villagers of the

mountains; and the brown peasantry of the Vega。 Granada has ever

been the rallying place of a great mountainous region; studded with

towns and villages。 Hither; during the Moorish domination; the

chivalry of this region repaired; to join in the splendid and

semi…warlike fetes of the Vivarrambla; and hither the elite of its

population still resort to join in the pompous ceremonials of the

church。 Indeed; many of the mountaineers from the Alpuxarras and the

Sierra de Ronda; who now bow to the cross as zealous Catholics; bear

the stamp of their Moorish origin; and are indubitable descendants

of the fickle subjects of Boabdil。

  Under the guidance of Mateo; I made my way through streets already

teeming with a holiday population; to the square of the Vivarrambla;

that great place for tilts and tourneys; so often sung in the

Moorish ballads of love and chivalry。 A gallery or arcade of wood

had been erected along the sides of the square; for the grand

religious procession of the following day。 This was brilliantly

illuminated for the evening as a promenade; and bands of music were

stationed on balconies on each of the four facades of the square。

All the fashion and beauty of Granada; all of its population of either

sex that had good looks or fine clothes to display; thronged this

arcade; promenading round and round the Vivarrambla。 Here; too; were

the majos and majas; the rural beaux and belles; with fine forms;

flashing eyes; and gay Andalusian costumes; some of them from Ronda

itself; that strong…hold of the mountains; famous for contrabandistas;

bull…fighters; and beautiful women。

  While this gay but motley throng kept up a constant circulation in

the gallery; the centre of the square was occupied by the peasantry

from the surrounding country; who made no pretensions to display;

but came for simple; hearty enjoyment。 The whole square was covered

with them; forming separate groups of families and neighborhoods; like

gipsy encampments; some were listening to the traditional ballad

drawled out to the tinkling of the guitar; some were engaged in gay

conversation; some were dancing to the click of the castanet。 As I

threaded my way through this teeming region with Mateo at my heels;

I passed occasionally some rustic party; seated on the ground;

making a merry though frugal repast。 If they caught my eye as I

loitered by; they almost invariably invited me to partake of their

simple fare。 This hospitable usage; inherited from their Moslem

invaders; and originating in the tent of the Arab; is universal

throughout the land; and observed by the poorest Spaniard。

  As the night advanced; the gayety gradually died away in the

arcades; the bands of music ceased to play; and the brilliant crowd

dispersed to their homes。 The centre of the square still remained well

peopled; and Mateo assured me that the greater part of the

peasantry; men; women; and children; would pass the night there;

sleeping on the bare earth beneath the open canopy of heaven。

Indeed; a summer night requires no shelter in this favored climate;

and a bed is a superfluity; which many of the hardy peasantry of Spain

never enjoy; and which some of them affect to despise。 The common

Spaniard wraps himself in his brown cloak; stretches himself on his

manta or mule…cloth; and sleeps soundly; luxuriously accommodated if

he can have a saddle for a pillow。 In a little while the words of

Mateo were made good; the peasant multitude nestled down on the ground

to their night's repose; and by midnight; the scene on the Vivarrambla

resembled the bivouac of an army。

  The next morning; accompanied by Mateo; I revisited the square at

sunrise。 It was still strewed with groups of sleepers: some were

reposing from the dance and revel of the evening; others; who had left

their villages after work on the preceding day; having trudged on foot

the greater part of the night; were taking a sound sleep to freshen

themselves for the festivities of the day。 Numbers from the mountains;

and the remote villages of the plain; who had set out in the night;

continued to arrive with their wives and children。 All were in high

spirits; greeting each other and exchanging jokes and pleasantries。

The gay tumult thickened as the day advanced。 Now came pouring in at

the city gates; and parading through the streets; the deputations from

the various villages; destined to swell the grand procession。 These

village deputations were headed by their priests; bearing their

respective crosses and banners; and images of the blessed Virgin and

of patron saints; all which were matters of great rivalship and

jealousy among the peasantry。 It was like the chivalrous gatherings of

ancient days; when each town and village sent its chiefs; and

warriors; and standards; to defend the capital; or grace its

festivities。

  At length all these various detachments congregated into one grand

pageant; which slowly paraded round the Vivarrambla; and through the

principal streets; where every window and balcony was hung with

tapestry。 In this procession were all the religious orders; the

civil and military authorities; and the chief people of the parishes

and villages: every church and convent had contributed its banners;

its images; its relics; and poured forth its wealth for the

occasion。 In the centre of the procession walked the archbishop; under

a damask canopy; and surrounded by inferior dignitaries and their

dependants。 The whole moved to the swell and cadence of numerous bands

of music; and; passing through the midst of a countless yet silent

multitude; proceeded onward to the cathedral。

  I could not but be struck with the changes of times and customs;

as I saw this monkish pageant passing through the Vivarrambla; the

ancient seat of Mosl

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