the spirit of laws-第5章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



6。　A　new　Physical　Cause　of　the　Slavery　of　Asia；　and　of　the　Liberty　of　Europe

7。　Of　Africa　and　America

8。　Of　the　Capital　of　the　Empire

Book　XVIII。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　the　Nature　of　the　Soil

1。　How　the　Nature　of　the　Soil　Has　an　Influence　on　the　Laws

2。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

3。　What　Countries　Are　Best　Cultivated

4。　New　Effects　of　the　Fertility　and　Barrenness　of　Countries

5。　Of　the　Inhabitants　of　Islands

6。　Of　Countries　Raised　by　the　Industry　of　Man

7。　Of　Human　Industry

8。　The　General　Relation　of　Laws

9。　Of　the　Soil　of　America

10。　Of　Population　in　the　Relation　It　Bears　to　the　Manners　of　Procuring　Subsistence

11。　Of　Savage　and　Barbarous　Nations

12。　Of　the　Law　of　Nations　among　People　Who　Do　Not　Cultivate　the　Earth

13。　Of　the　Civil　Laws　of　Those　Nations　Who　Do　Not　Cultivate　the　Earth

14。　Of　the　Political　State　of　the　People　Who　Do　Not　Cultivate　the　Land

15。　Of　People　Who　Know　the　Use　of　Money

16。　Of　Civil　Laws　among　People　Who　Know　Not　the　Use　of　Money

17。　Of　Political　Laws　among　Nations　Who　Have　Not　the　Use　of　Money

18。　Of　the　Power　of　Superstition

19。　Of　the　Liberty　of　the　Arabs　and　the　Servitude　of　the　Tartars

20。　Of　the　Law　of　Nations　as　Practised　by　the　Tartars

21。　The　Civil　Law　of　the　Tartars

22。　Of　a　Civil　Law　of　the　German　Nations

23。　Of　the　Regal　Ornaments　among　the　Franks

24。　Of　the　Marriages　of　the　Kings　of　the　Franks

25。　Childeric

26。　Of　the　Time　When　the　Kings　of　the　Franks　Became　of　Age

27。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

28。　Of　Adoption　among　the　Germans

29。　Of　the　Sanguinary　Temper　of　the　Kings　of　the　Franks

30。　Of　the　National　Assemblies　of　the　Franks

31。　Of　the　Authority　of　the　Clergy　under　the　First　Race

Book　XIX。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Principles　Which　Form　the　General　Spirit；　Morals；　and　Customs　of　a　Nation

1。　Of　the　Subject　of　This　Book

2。　That　It　Is　Necessary　People's　Minds　Should　Be　Prepared　for　the　Reception　of　the　Best　Laws

3。　Of　Tyranny

4。　Of　the　General　Spirit　of　Mankind

5。　How　Far　We　Should　Be　Attentive　Lest　the　General　Spirit　of　a　Nation　Be　Changed

6。　That　Everything　Ought　Not　to　Be　Corrected

7。　Of　the　Athenians　and　Laced？monians

8。　Effects　of　a　Sociable　Temper

9。　Of　the　Vanity　and　Pride　of　Nations

10。　Of　the　Character　of　the　Spaniards　and　Chinese

11。　A　Reflection

12。　Of　Customs　and　Manners　in　a　Despotic　State

13。　Of　the　Behaviour　of　the　Chinese

14。　What　Are　the　Natural　Means　of　Changing　the　Manners　and　Customs　of　a　Nation

15。　The　Influence　of　Domestic　Government　on　the　Political

16。　How　some　Legislators　Have　Confounded　the　Principles　Which　Govern　Mankind

17。　Of　the　Peculiar　Quality　of　the　Chinese　Government

18。　A　Consequence　Drawn　from　the　Preceding　Chapter

19。　How　This　Union　of　Religion；　Laws；　Manners；　and　Customs　among　the　Chinese　Was　Effected

20。　Explanation　of　a　Paradox　Relating　to　the　Chinese

21。　How　the　Laws　Ought　to　Have　a　Relation　to　Manners　and　Customs

22。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

23。　How　the　Laws　Are　Founded　on　the　Manners　of　a　People

24。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

25。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

26。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

27。　How　the　Laws　Contribute　to　Form　the　Manners；　Customs；　and　Character　of　a　Nation

Book　XX。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　Commerce；　Considered　in　its　Nature　and　Distinctions

1。　Of　Commerce

2。　Of　the　Spirit　of　Commerce

3。　Of　the　Poverty　of　the　People

4。　Of　Commerce　in　Different　Governments

5。　Of　Nations　That　Have　Entered　into　an　Economical　Commerce

6。　Some　Effects　of　an　Extensive　Navigation

7。　The　Spirit　of　England　with　Respect　to　Commerce

8。　In　What　Manner　Economical　Commerce　Has　Been　Sometimes　Restrained

9。　Of　the　Prohibition　of　Commerce

10。　An　Institution　Adapted　to　Economical　Commerce

11。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

12。　Of　the　Freedom　of　Commerce

13。　What　It　Is　That　Destroys　This　Liberty

14。　The　Laws　of　Commerce　Concerning　the　Confiscation　of　Merchandise

15。　Of　Seizing　the　Persons　of　Merchants

16。　An　Excellent　Law

17。　A　Law　of　Rhodes

18。　Of　the　Judges　of　Commerce

19。　That　a　Prince　Ought　Not　to　Engage　Himself　in　Commerce

20。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

21。　Of　the　Commerce　of　the　Nobility　in　a　Monarchy

22。　A　Singular　Reflection

23。　To　What　Nations　Commerce　Is　Prejudicial

Book　XXI。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　Commerce；　Considered　in　the　Revolutions

It　Has　Met　With　in　the　World

1。　Some　General　Considerations

2。　Of　the　People　of　Africa

3。　That　the　Wants　of　the　People　in　the　South　Are　Different　from　those　of　the　North

4。　The　Principal　Difference　between　the　Commerce　of　the　Ancients　and　the　Moderns

5。　Other　Differences

6。　Of　the　Commerce　of　the　Ancients

7。　Of　the　Commerce　of　the　Greeks

8。　Of　Alexander：　His　Conquests

9。　Of　the　Commerce　of　the　Grecian　Kings　after　the　Death　of　Alexander

10。　Of　the　Circuit　of　Africa

11。　Of　Carthage　and　Marseilles

12。　The　Isle　of　Delos。　Mithridates

13。　Of　the　Genius　of　the　Romans　as　to　Maritime　Affairs

14。　Of　the　Genius　of　the　Romans　with　Respect　to　Commerce

15。　Of　the　Commerce　of　the　Romans　with　the　Barbarians

16。　Of　the　Commerce　of　the　Romans　with　Arabia；　and　the　Indies

17。　Of　Commerce　after　the　Destruction　of　the　Western　Empire

18。　A　Particular　Regulation

19。　Of　Commerce　after　the　Decay　of　the　Roman　Power　in　the　East

20。　How　Commerce　Broke　Through　the　Barbarism　of　Europe

21。　The　Discovery　of　Two　New　Worlds；　and　in　What　Manner　Europe　Is　Affected　by　It

22。　Of　the　Riches　Which　Spain　Drew　from　America

23。　A　Problem

Book　XXII。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Use　of　Money

1。　The　Reason　of　the　Use　of　Money

2。　Of　the　Nature　of　Money

3。　Of　Ideal　Money

4。　Of　the　Quantity　of　Gold　and　Silver

5。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

6。　Why　Interest　Was　Lowered　One　Half　after　the　Conquest　of　the　Indies

7。　How　the　Price　of　Things　Is　Fixed　in　the　Variation　of　the　Sign　of　Riches

8。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

9。　Of　the　Relative　Scarcity　of　Gold　and　Silver

10。　Of　Exchange

11。　Of　the　Proceedings　of　the　Romans　with　Respect　to　Money

12。　The　Circumstances　in　Which　the　Romans　Changed　the　Value　of　Their　Specie

13。　Proceedings　with　Respect　to　Money　in　the　Time　of　the　Emperors

14。　How　Exchange　Is　a　Constraint　on　Despotic　Power

15。　The　Practice　of　Some　Countries　in　Italy

16。　The　Assistance　a　State　May　Derive　from　Bankers

17。　Of　Public　Debts

18。　Of　the　Payment　of　Public　Debts

19。　Of　Lending　upon　Interest

20。　Of　Maritime　Usury

21。　Of　Lending　by　Contract；　and　the　State　of　Usury　among　the　Romans

22。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

Book　XXIII。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　the　Number　of　Inhabitants

1。　Of　Men　and　Animals　with　Respect　to　the　Multiplication　of　Their　Species

2。　Of　Marriage

3。　Of　the　Condition　of　Children

4。　Of　Families

5。　Of　the　Several　Orders　of　Lawful　Wives

6。　Of　Bastards　in　Different　Governments

7。　Of　the　Father's　Consent　to　Marriage

8。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

9。　Of　Young　Women

10。　What　It　Is　That　Determines　Marriage

11。　Of　the　Severity　of　Government

12。　Of　the　Number　of　Males　and　Females　in　Different　Countries

13。　Of　Seaport　Towns

14。　Of　the　Productions　of　the　Earth　Which　Require　a　Greater　or　Less　Number　of　Men

15。　Of　the　Number　of　Inhabitants　with　Relation　to　the　Arts

16。　The　Concern　of　the　Legislator　in　the　Propagation　of　the　Species

17。　Of　Greece；　and　the　Number　of　its　Inhabitants

18。　Of　the　State　and　Number　of　People　before　the　Romans

19。　Of　the　Depopulation　of　the　Globe

20。　That　the　Romans　Were　under　the　Necessity　of　Making　Laws　to　Encourage　the　Propagation　of　the　Species

21。　Of　the　Laws　of　the　Romans　Relating　to　the　Propagation　of　the　Species

22。　Of　the　Exposing　of　Children

23。　Of　the　State　of　the　World　after　the　Destruction　of　the　Romans

24。　The　Changes　Which　Happened　in　Europe；　with　Regard　to　the　Number　of　the　Inhabitants

25。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

26。　Consequences

27。　Of　the　Law　Made　in　France　to　Encourage　the　Propagation　of　the　Species

28。　By　What　Means　We　May　Remedy　a　Depopulation

29。　Of　Hospitals

Book　XXIV。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　Religion；　Considered　in　Itself；　and