indian heroes and great chieftains(印第安英雄)-第33章
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his men together and advised them under no circumstances to fire until
fired upon。 An Arapahoe scout was sent to them with a message。 〃If
you surrender now； you will get your rations and be well treated。〃 After
what they had endured； it was impossible not to hear such a promise with
contempt。 Said Little Wolf： 〃We are going back to our own country。
We do not want to fight。〃 He was riding still nearer when the soldiers
fired； and at a signal the Cheyennes made a charge。 They succeeded in
holding off the troops for two days； with only five men wounded and none
killed； and when the military retreated the Indians continued northward
carrying their wounded。
This sort of thing was repeated again and again。 Meanwhile Little
Wolf held his men under perfect control。 There were practically no
depredations。 They secured some boxes of ammunition left behind by
retreating troops； and at one point the young men were eager to follow and
destroy an entire command who were apparently at their mercy； but their
leader withheld them。 They had now reached the buffalo country； and he
always kept his main object in sight。 He was extraordinarily calm。
Doctor Grinnell was told by one of his men years afterward： 〃Little Wolf
did not seem like a human being。 He seemed like a bear。〃 It is true that
a man of his type in a crisis becomes spiritually transformed and moves as
one in a dream。
At the Running Water the band divided； Dull Knife going toward Red
Cloud agency。 He was near Fort Robinson when he surrendered and met
his sad fate。 Little Wolf remained all winter in the Sand Hills； where
there was plenty of game and no white men。 Later he went to Montana
and then to Pine Ridge； where he and his people remained in peace until
they were removed to Lame Deer； Montana； and there he spent the
remainder of his days。 There is a clear sky beyond the clouds of racial
prejudice； and in that final Court of Honor a noble soul like that of Little
Wolf has a place。
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INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS
HOLE…IN…THE…DAY
＇I wish to thank Reverend C。 H。 Beaulieu of Le Soeur； Minnesota； for
much of the material used in this chapter。＇
In the beginning of the nineteenth century； the Indian nations of the
Northwest first experienced the pressure of civilization。 At this period
there were among them some brilliant leaders unknown to history； for the
curious reason that they cordially received and welcomed the newcomers
rather than opposed them。 The only difficulties were those arising
among the European nations themselves； and often involving the native
tribes。 Thus new environments brought new motives； and our
temptations were increased manyfold with the new weapons； new goods；
and above all the subtly destructive 〃spirit water。〃
Gradually it became known that the new race had a definite purpose；
and that purpose was to chart and possess the whole country； regardless of
the rights of its earlier inhabitants。 Still the old chiefs cautioned their
people to be patient； for； said they； the land is vast； both races can live on it；
each in their own way。 Let us therefore befriend them and trust to their
friendship。 While they reasoned thus； the temptations of graft and self…
aggrandizement overtook some of the leaders。
Hole…in…the…Day （or Bug…o…nay…ki…shig） was born in the opening days
of this era。 The word 〃ki…shig〃 means either 〃day〃 or 〃sky〃； and the
name is perhaps more correctly translated Hole…in…the…Sky。 This gifted
man inherited his name and much of his ability from his father； who was a
war chief among the Ojibways； a Napoleon of the common people； and
who carried on a relentless warfare against the Sioux。 And yet； as was
our custom at the time； peaceful meetings were held every summer； at
which representatives of the two tribes would recount to one another all
the events that had come to pass during the preceding year。
Hole…in…the…Day the younger was a handsome man； tall and
symmetrically formed； with much grace of manner and natural refinement。
He was an astute student of diplomacy。 The Ojibways allowed polygamy；
and whether or not he approved the principle； he made political use of it
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INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS
by marrying the daughter of a chief in nearly every band。 Through these
alliances he held a controlling influence over the whole Ojibway nation。
Reverend Claude H。 Beaulieu says of him：
〃Hole…in…the…Day was a man of distinguished appearance and native
courtliness of manner。 His voice was musical and magnetic； and with
these qualities he had a subtle brain； a logical mind； and quite a
remarkable gift of oratory。 In speech he was not impassioned； but clear
and convincing； and held fast the attention of his hearers。〃
It is of interest to note that his everyday name among his tribesmen
was 〃The Boy。〃 What a boy he must have been！ I wonder if the name
had the same significance as with the Sioux； who applied it to any man
who performs a difficult duty with alertness； dash； and natural courage。
〃The Man〃 applies to one who adds to these qualities wisdom and
maturity of judgment。
The Sioux tell many stories of both the elder and the younger Hole…in…
the…Day。 Once when The Boy was still under ten years of age； he was
fishing on Gull Lake in a leaky birch…bark canoe。 Presently there came
such a burst of frantic warwhoops that his father was startled。 He could
not think of anything but an attack by the dreaded Sioux。 Seizing his
weapons； he ran to the rescue of his son； only to find that the little fellow
had caught a fish so large that it was pulling his canoe all over the lake。
〃Ugh；〃 exclaimed the father； 〃if a mere fish scares you so badly； I fear you
will never make a warrior！
It is told of him that when he was very small； the father once brought
home two bear cubs and gave them to him for pets。 The Boy was feeding
and getting acquainted with them outside his mother's birch…bark teepee；
when suddenly he was heard to yell for help。 The two little bears had
treed The Boy and were waltzing around the tree。 His mother scared
them off； but again the father laughed at him for thinking that he could
climb trees better than a bear。
The elder Hole…in…the…Day was a daring warrior and once attacked and
scalped a Sioux who was carrying his pelts to the trading post； in full sight
of his friends。 Of course he was instantly pursued； and he leaped into a
canoe which was lying near by and crossed to an island in the Mississippi
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River near Fort Snelling。 When almost surrounded by Sioux warriors； he
