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ded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Treaty¡¡of¡¡1846£»¡¡certainly¡¡did¡¡not¡¡involve¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡intervene¡¡between¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡and¡¡revolutionists¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡the¡¡guarantee¡¡of¡¡possession¡¡which¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡had¡¡given¡¡to¡¡Colombia¡¡did¡¡involve¡¡supporting¡¡her¡¡Government¡¡to¡¡a¡¡reasonable¡¡extent£»¡¡yet¡¡there¡¡could¡¡be¡¡little¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡American¡¡ships¡¡which¡¡had¡¡made¡¡the¡¡revolution¡¡successful¡£

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CHAPTER¡¡XVI¡£¡¡Problems¡¡Of¡¡The¡¡Caribbean

As¡¡the¡¡acquisition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Philippines¡¡made¡¡all¡¡Far¡¡Eastern¡¡questions¡¡of¡¡importance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡so¡¡the¡¡investment¡¡of¡¡American¡¡millions¡¡in¡¡a¡¡canal¡¡across¡¡the¡¡Isthmus¡¡of¡¡Panama¡¡increased¡¡popular¡¡interest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡problems¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Caribbean¡£¡¡That¡¡fascinating¡¡sheet¡¡of¡¡water£»¡¡about¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡north¡¡to¡¡south¡¡by¡¡about¡¡fifteen¡¡hundred¡¡from¡¡east¡¡to¡¡west£»¡¡is¡¡ringed¡¡around¡¡by¡¡the¡¡possessions¡¡of¡¡many¡¡powers¡£¡¡In¡¡1898¡¡its¡¡mainland¡¡shores¡¡were¡¡occupied¡¡by¡¡Mexico£»¡¡British¡¡Honduras£»¡¡Guatemala£»¡¡Honduras£»¡¡Nicaragua£»¡¡Costa¡¡Rica£»¡¡Colombia£»¡¡and¡¡Venezuela£»¡¡its¡¡islands¡¡were¡¡possessed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡states¡¡of¡¡Hayti¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Dominican¡¡Republic£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡Spain£»¡¡France£»¡¡Great¡¡Britain£»¡¡Holland£»¡¡and¡¡Denmark¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡Caribbean¡¡had¡¡been¡¡fought¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡and¡¡most¡¡significant¡¡naval¡¡battles¡¡of¡¡the¡¡eighteenth¡¡century¡¡and£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡canal¡¡was¡¡opened£»¡¡across¡¡its¡¡waters¡¡would¡¡plough¡¡a¡¡great¡¡share¡¡of¡¡the¡¡commerce¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡As¡¡owner¡¡of¡¡the¡¡canal¡¡and¡¡professed¡¡guardian¡¡of¡¡its¡¡use£»¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡was¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡its¡¡own¡¡strategic¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡this¡¡sea¡¡into¡¡which¡¡the¡¡canal¡¡opened¡£

Gradually¡¡the¡¡situation¡¡which¡¡existed¡¡in¡¡1898¡¡has¡¡changed¡£¡¡Spain¡¡has¡¡been¡¡removed¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Caribbean¡£¡¡Of¡¡her¡¡former¡¡possessions¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡holds¡¡Porto¡¡Rico£»¡¡Cuba¡¡is¡¡independent£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡in¡¡a¡¡way¡¡under¡¡the¡¡protection¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡which¡¡possesses¡¡on¡¡her¡¡coast¡¡the¡¡naval¡¡station¡¡of¡¡Guantanamo¡£¡¡The¡¡American¡¡treaty¡¡with¡¡the¡¡new¡¡republic¡¡of¡¡Panama¡¡practically¡¡created¡¡another¡¡American¡¡protectorate£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡fortification¡¡of¡¡the¡¡canal¡¡gave¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡another¡¡strategic¡¡position¡£¡¡The¡¡negotiation¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purchase¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Danish¡¡islands¡¡has¡¡been¡¡completed¡¡successfully¡£¡¡But¡¡these¡¡obvious¡¡footholds¡¡are¡¡of¡¡less¡¡importance¡¡than¡¡the¡¡more¡¡indirect¡¡relationships¡¡which¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡has¡¡been¡¡steadily¡¡establishing£»¡¡through¡¡successive¡¡Administrations£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡various¡¡other¡¡powers¡¡located¡¡on¡¡the¡¡borders¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Caribbean¡£

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There¡¡might£»¡¡however£»¡¡be¡¡some¡¡temptation¡¡in¡¡the¡¡political¡¡and¡¡military¡¡influence¡¡which¡¡such¡¡a¡¡prospective¡¡second¡¡canal¡¡could¡¡exert¡£¡¡Negotiations¡¡were¡¡begun£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡with¡¡all¡¡the¡¡transcontinental¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡Central¡¡America£»¡¡offering¡¡liberal¡¡compensation¡¡for¡¡the¡¡control¡¡of¡¡all¡¡possible¡¡canal¡¡routes¡£¡¡These¡¡negotiations¡¡have¡¡been¡¡long¡¡drawn¡¡out¡¡and¡¡are¡¡only¡¡lately¡¡coming¡¡to¡¡fruition¡£¡¡They¡¡have¡¡served£»¡¡however£»¡¡to¡¡taboo¡¡all¡¡projects¡¡by¡¡other¡¡nations£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡treaties¡¡negotiated¡¡with¡¡Colombia£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡ratified£»¡¡holds¡¡out¡¡the¡¡prospect¡¡of¡¡winning¡¡back¡¡her¡¡friendship¡¡which¡¡was¡¡so¡¡seriously¡¡alienated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡recognition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡republic¡¡of¡¡Panama¡¡by¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£

In¡¡one¡¡respect¡¡the¡¡changing¡¡world¡¡has¡¡rendered¡¡quite¡¡obsolete¡¡the¡¡pronouncements¡¡of¡¡President¡¡Monroe¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡Japan¡¡there¡¡has¡¡grown¡¡up¡¡a¡¡great¡¡power¡¡which¡¡is¡¡neither¡¡European¡¡nor¡¡American¡£¡¡American¡¡policy¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Far¡¡East¡¡has¡¡made¡¡it¡¡abundantly¡¡evident¡¡that¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡does¡¡not¡¡regard¡¡the¡¡self¡­imposed¡¡limitations¡¡upon¡¡its¡¡activity¡¡as¡¡extending¡¡to¡¡Asia¡£¡¡In¡¡her¡¡case¡¡there¡¡is¡¡lacking¡¡the¡¡quid¡¡pro¡¡quo¡¡by¡¡which¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡has¡¡justified¡¡its¡¡demand¡¡that¡¡European¡¡powers¡¡refrain¡¡from¡¡interfering¡¡in¡¡America¡£¡¡By¡¡no¡¡means£»¡¡however£»¡¡has¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡admitted¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡Asia¡¡to¡¡impinge¡¡on¡¡the¡¡American¡¡continents¡£

In¡¡1912¡¡Washington¡¡heard¡¡that¡¡Japan¡¡was¡¡negotiating¡¡with¡¡Mexico¡¡for¡¡a¡¡concession¡¡on¡¡Magdalena¡¡Bay¡£¡¡Senator¡¡Lodge¡¡promptly¡¡introduced¡¡a¡¡resolution¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡declaring¡¡that¡¡¡¨when¡¡any¡¡harbor¡¡or¡¡other¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡American¡¡continents¡¡is¡¡so¡¡situated¡¡that¡¡the¡¡occupation¡¡thereof¡¡for¡¡naval¡¡or¡¡military¡¡purposes¡¡might¡¡threaten¡¡the¡¡communication¡¡or¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡could¡¡not¡¡see£»¡¡without¡¡grave¡¡concern£»¡¡the¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡such¡¡harbor¡¡or¡¡other¡¡place¡¡by¡¡any¡¡corporation¡¡or¡¡association¡¡which¡¡has¡¡such¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡another¡¡government£»¡¡not¡¡American£»¡¡as¡¡to¡¡give¡¡that¡¡government¡¡practical¡¡power¡¡of¡¡control¡¡for¡¡naval¡¡or¡¡military¡¡purposes¡¨¡¡This¡¡resolution£»¡¡which¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡by¡¡a¡¡vote¡¡of¡¡51¡¡to¡¡4£»¡¡undoubtedly¡¡represented¡¡American¡¡sentiment£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡foreign¡¡occupation¡¡of¡¡any¡¡territory¡¡bordering¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Caribbean¡¡or¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Pacific¡¡between¡¡Panama¡¡and¡¡California¡£

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