hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第61章
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tcher was fighting to avenge his dead comrades； and hit Leeky before he reached the land； and he fell forward at the blow and his soul went down to Hades。 And seeing this； the Cabbage… climber took a clod of mud and hurled it at the Mouse； plastering all his forehead and nearly blinding him。 Thereat Crumb…snatcher was enraged and caught up in his strong hand a huge stone that lay upon the ground； a heavy burden for the soil： with that he hit Cabbage…climber below the knee and splintered his whole right shin； hurling him on his back in the dust。 But Croakperson kept him off； and rushing at the Mouse in turn； hit him in the middle of the belly and drove the whole reed…spear into him； and as he drew the spear back to him with his strong hand； all his foe's bowels gushed out upon the ground。 And when Troglodyte saw the deed； as he was limping away from the fight on the river bank； he shrank back sorely moved； and leaped into a trench to escape sheer death。 Then Bread…nibbler hit Puff…jaw on the toes he came up at the last from the lake and was greatly distressed。。。。
（（LACUNA））
（ll。 252…259） And when Leeky saw him fallen forward； but still half alive； he pressed through those who fought in front and hurled a sharp reed at him； but the point of the spear was stayed and did not break his shield。 Then noble Rueful； like Ares himself； struck his flawless head…piece made of four pots he only among the Frogs showed prowess in the throng。 But when he saw the other rush at him； he did not stay to meet the stout… hearted hero but dived down to the depths of the lake。
（ll。 260…271） Now there was one among the Mice； Slice…snatcher； who excelled the rest； dear son of Gnawer the son of blameless Bread…stealer。 He went to his house and bade his son take part in the war。 This warrior threatened to destroy the race of Frogs utterly （3）； and splitting a chestnut…husk into two parts along the joint； put the two hollow pieces as armour on his paws： then straightway the Frogs were dismayed and all rushed down to the lake； and he would have made good his boast for he had great strength had not the Son of Cronos； the Father of men and gods； been quick to mark the thing and pitied the Frogs as they were perishing。 He shook his head； and uttered this word：
（ll。 272…276） ‘Dear； dear； how fearful a deed do my eyes behold！ Slice…snatcher makes no small panic rushing to and fro among the Frogs by the lake。 Let us then make all haste and send warlike Pallas or even Ares； for they will stop his fighting； strong though he is。'
（ll。 277…284） So said the Son of Cronos； but Hera answered him： ‘Son of Cronos； neither the might of Athena nor of Ares can avail to deliver the Frogs from utter destruction。 Rather； come and let us all go to help them； or else let loose your weapon； the great and formidable Titan…killer with which you killed Capaneus； that doughty man； and great Enceladus and the wild tribes of Giants； ay； let it loose； for so the most valiant will be slain。'
（ll。 285…293） So said Hera： and the Son of Cronos cast a lurid thunderbolt： first he thundered and made great Olympus shake； and the cast the thunderbolt； the awful weapon of Zeus； tossing it lightly forth。 Thus he frightened them all； Frogs and Mice alike； hurling his bolt upon them。 Yet even so the army of the Mice did not relax； but hoped still more to destroy the brood of warrior Frogs。 Only； the Son of Cronos； on Olympus； pitied the Frogs and then straightway sent them helpers。
（ll。 294…303） So there came suddenly warriors with mailed backs and curving claws； crooked beasts that walked sideways； nut… cracker…jawed； shell…hided： bony they were； flat…backed； with glistening shoulders and bandy legs and stretching arms and eyes that looked behind them。 They had also eight legs and two feelers persistent creatures who are called crabs。 These nipped off the tails and paws and feet of the Mice with their jaws； while spears only beat on them。 Of these the Mice were all afraid and no longer stood up to them； but turned and fled。 Already the sun was set； and so came the end of the one…day war。
ENDNOTES：
（1） Lines 42…52 are intrusive； the list of vegetables which the Mouse cannot eat must follow immediately after the various dishes of which he does eat。 （2） lit。 ‘those unable to swim'。 （3） This may be a parody of Orion's threat in Hesiod； 〃Astronomy〃； frag。 4。
OF THE ORIGIN OF HOMER AND HESIOD； AND OF THEIR CONTEST （aka 〃The Contest of Homer and Hesiod〃）
Everyone boasts that the most divine of poets； Homer and Hesiod； are said to be his particular countrymen。 Hesiod； indeed； has put a name to his native place and so prevented any rivalry； for he said that his father ‘settled near Helicon in a wretched hamlet； Ascra； which is miserable in winter； sultry in summer； and good at no season。' But； as for Homer； you might almost say that every city with its inhabitants claims him as her son。 Foremost are the men of Smyrna who say that he was the Son of Meles； the river of their town； by a nymph Cretheis； and that he was at first called Melesigenes。 He was named Homer later； when he became blind； this being their usual epithet for such people。 The Chians； on the other hand； bring forward evidence to show that he was their countrymen； saying that there actually remain some of his descendants among them who are called Homeridae。 The Colophonians even show the place where they declare that he began to compose when a schoolmaster； and say that his first work was the 〃Margites〃。
As to his parents also； there is on all hands great disagreement。
Hellanicus and Cleanthes say his father was Maeon； but Eugaeon says Meles； Callicles is for Mnesagoras； Democritus of Troezen for Daemon； a merchant…trader。 Some； again； say he was the son of Thamyras； but the Egyptians say of Menemachus； a priest… scribe； and there are even those who father him on Telemachus； the son of Odysseus。 As for his mother； she is variously called Metis； Cretheis； Themista； and Eugnetho。 Others say she was an Ithacan woman sold as a slave by the Phoenicians； other； Calliope the Muse； others again Polycasta； the daughter of Nestor。
Homer himself was called Meles or； according to different accounts； Melesigenes or Altes。 Some authorities say he was called Homer； because his father was given as a hostage to the Persians by the men of Cyprus； others； because of his blindness； for amongst the Aeolians the blind are so called。 We will set down； however； what we have heard to have been said by the Pythia concerning Homer in the time of the most sacred Emperor Hadrian。 When the monarch inquired from what city Homer came； and whose son he was； the priestess delivered a response in hexameters after this fashion：
‘Do you ask me of the obscure race and country of the heavenly siren？ Ithaca is his country； Telemachus his father； and Epicasta； Nestor's daughter； the mother that bare him； a man by far the wisest of mortal kind。' This we must most implicitly believe； the inquirer and the answerer being who they are especially since the poet has so greatly glorified his grandfather in his works。
Now some say that he was earlier than Hesiod； others that he was younger and akin to him。 They give his descent thus： Apollo and Aethusa； daughter of Poseidon； had a son Linus； to whom was born Pierus。 From Pierus and the nymph Methone sprang Oeager； and from Oeager and Calliope Orpheus； from Orpheus； Dres； and from him； Eucles。 The descent is continued through Iadmonides； Philoterpes； Euphemus； Epiphrades and Melanopus who had sons Dius and Apelles。 Dius by Pycimede； the daughter of Apollo had two sons Hesiod and Perses； while Apelles begot Maeon who was the father of Homer by a daughter of the River Meles。
According to one account they flourished at the same time and even had a contest of skill at Chalcis in Euboea。 For； they say； after Homer had composed the 〃Margites〃； he went about from city to city as a minstrel； and coming to Delphi； inquired who he was and of what country？ The Pythia answered：
‘The Isle of Ios is your mother's country and it shall receive you dead； but beware of the riddle of the young children。' （1）
Hearing this； it is said； he hesitate
