the symposium-第8章

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t　exact；　some　mischance　stole　from　me。　But　now　that　is　over。　I　lose　nothing；　having　nought　to　lose；　but；　on　the　contrary；　I　have　everything　to　gain；　and　live　in　hope　of　some　day　getting　something。＇53＇

＇53＇　〃I　feed　on　the　pleasures　of　hope；　and　fortune　in　the　future。〃

Call。　And　so；　of　course；　your　one　prayer　is　that　you　may　never　more　be　rich；　and　if　you　are　visited　by　a　dream　of　luck　your　one　thought　is　to　offer　sacrifice　to　Heaven　to　avert　misfortune。＇54＇

＇54＇　Or；　〃you　wake　up　in　a　fright；　and　offer　sacrifice　to　the　　　　　'Averters。'〃　For　｛tois　apotropaiois｝　see　Aristoph。　〃Plutus；〃　359；　　　　　Plat。　〃Laws；〃　854　B；　〃Hell。〃　III。　iii。　4。

Char。　No；　that　I　do　not。　On　the　contrary；　I　run　my　head　into　each　danger　most　adventurously。　I　endure；　if　haply　I　may　see　a　chance　of　getting　something　from　some　quarter　of　the　sky　some　day。

Come　now　（Socrates　exclaimed）；　it　lies　with　you；　sir；　you；　Antisthenes；　to　explain　to　us；　how　it　is　that　you；　with　means　so　scanty；　make　so　loud　a　boast　of　wealth。

Because　（he　answered）　I　hold　to　the　belief；　sirs；　that　wealth　and　poverty　do　not　lie　in　a　man's　estate；　but　in　men's　souls。　Even　in　private　life　how　many　scores　of　people　have　I　seen；　who；　although　they　roll　in　wealth；　yet　deem　themselves　so　poor；　there　is　nothing　they　will　shrink　from；　neither　toil　nor　danger；　in　order　to　add　a　little　to　their　store。＇55＇　I　have　known　two　brothers；＇56＇　heirs　to　equal　fortunes；　one　of　whom　has　enough；　more　than　enough；　to　cover　his　expenditure；　the　other　is　in　absolute　indigence。　And　so　to　monarchs；　there　are　not　a　few；　I　perceive；　so　ravenous　of　wealth　that　they　will　outdo　the　veriest　vagrants　in　atrocity。　Want＇57＇　prompts　a　thousand　crimes；　you　must　admit。　Why　do　men　steal？　why　break　burglariously　into　houses？　why　hale　men　and　women　captive　and　make　slaves　of　them？　Is　it　not　from　want？　Nay；　there　are　monarchs　who　at　one　fell　swoop　destroy　whole　houses；　make　wholesale　massacre；　and　oftentimes　reduce　entire　states　to　slavery；　and　all　for　the　sake　of　wealth。　These　I　must　needs　pity　for　the　cruel　malady　which　plagues　them。　Their　condition；　to　my　mind；　resembles　that　poor　creature's　who；　in　spite　of　all　he　has＇58＇　and　all　he　eats；　can　never　stay　the　wolf　that　gnaws　his　vitals。

＇55＇　Cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　VIII。　ii。　21；　Hor。　〃Epist。〃　i。　2。　26；　〃semper　avarus　　　　　eget。〃

＇56＇　Is　Antisthenes　thinking　of　Callias　and　Hermogenes？　（presuming　　　　　these　are　sons　of　Hipponicus　and　brothers）。　Cf。　〃Mem。〃　II。　x。　3。

＇57＇　Or；　〃'Tis　want　that　does　it。〃　See　〃Pol。　Ath。〃　i。　5；　〃Rev；〃　i。　1。

＇58＇　Reading　｛ekhon｝；　or　if　｛pinon｝；　transl。　〃who　eats　and　drinks；　but　　　　　never　sates　himself。〃

But　as　to　me；　my　riches　are　so　plentiful　I　cannot　lay　my　hands　on　them　myself；＇59＇　yet　for　all　that　I　have　enough　to　eat　till　my　hunger　is　stayed；　to　drink　till　my　thirst　is　sated；＇60＇　to　clothe　myself　withal；　and　out　of　doors　not　Callias　there；　with　all　his　riches；　is　more　safe　than　I　from　shivering；　and　when　I　find　myself　indoors；　what　warmer　shirting＇61＇　do　I　need　than　my　bare　walls？　what　ampler　greatcoat　than　the　tiles　above　my　head？　these　seem　to　suit　me　well　enough；　and　as　to　bedclothes；　I　am　not　so　ill　supplied　but　it　is　a　business　to　arouse　me　in　the　morning。

＇59＇　〃That　I　can　scarce　discover　any　portion　of　it。〃　Zeune　cf。　〃Econ。〃　　　　　viii。　2。

＇60＇　So　〃the　master〃　himself。　See　〃Mem。〃　I。　ii。　1；　vi。　5。

＇61＇　Cf。　Aristot。　〃Pol。〃　ii。　8。　1；　of　Hippodamus。

And　as　to　sexual　desire；　my　body's　need　is　satisfied　by　what　comes　first　to　hand。　Indeed；　there　is　no　lack　of　warmth　in　the　caress　which　greets　me；　just　because　it　is　unsought　by　others。＇62＇

＇62＇　Cf。　〃Mem。〃　I。　iii。　14；　the　germ　of　cynicism　and　stoicism；　the　　　　　Socratic　｛XS｝　form　of　〃better　to　marry　than　to　burn。〃

Well　then；　these　several　pleasures　I　enjoy　so　fully　that　I　am　much　more　apt　to　pray　for　less　than　more　of　them；　so　strongly　do　I　feel　that　some　of　them　are　sweeter　than　what　is　good　for　one　or　profitable。

But　of　all　the　precious　things　in　my　possession；　I　reckon　this　the　choicest；　that　were　I　robbed　of　my　whole　present　stock；　there　is　no　work　so　mean；　but　it　would　amply　serve　me　to　furnish　me　with　sustenance。　Why；　look　you；　whenever　I　desire　to　fare　delicately；　I　have　not　to　purchase　precious　viands　in　the　market；　which　becomes　expensive；　but　I　open　the　storehouse　of　my　soul；　and　dole　them　out。＇63＇　Indeed；　as　far　as　pleasure　goes；　I　find　it　better　to　await　desire　before　I　suffer　meat　or　drink　to　pass　my　lips；　than　to　have　recourse　to　any　of　your　costly　viands；　as；　for　instance；　now；　when　I　have　chanced　on　this　fine　Thasian　wine；＇64＇　and　sip　it　without　thirst。　But　indeed；　the　man　who　makes　frugality；　not　wealth　of　worldly　goods；　his　aim；　is　on　the　face　of　it　a　much　more　upright　person。　And　why？　the　man　who　is　content　with　what　he　has　will　least　of　all　be　prone　to　clutch　at　what　is　his　neighbour's。

＇63＇　Or；　〃turn　to　the　storehouse　of　a　healthy　appetite。〃　See　〃Apol。〃　　　　　18；　the　same　sentiment　〃ex　ore　Socratis。〃

＇64＇　See　Athen。　〃Deipnos。〃　i。　28。

And　here's　a　point　worth　noting。　Wealth　of　my　sort　will　make　you　liberal　of　soul。　Look　at　Socrates；　from　him　it　was　I　got　these　riches。　He　did　not　supply　me　with　it　by　weight　or　by　measure；　but　just　as　much　as　I　could　carry；　he　with　bounteous　hand　consigned　to　me。　And　I；　too；　grudge　it　to　no　man　now。　To　all　my　friends　without　distinction　I　am　ready　to　display　my　opulence：　come　one；　come　all；　and　whosoever　likes　to　take　a　share　is　welcome　to　the　wealth　that　lies　within　my　soul。　Yes；　and　moreover；　that　most　luxurious　of　possessions；＇65＇　unbroken　leisure；　you　can　see；　is　mine；　which　leaves　me　free　to　contemplate　things　worthy　of　contemplation；＇66＇　and　to　drink　in　with　my　ears　all　charming　sounds。　And　what　I　value　most；　freedom　to　spend　whole　days　in　pure　scholastic　intercourse＇67＇　with　Socrates；　to　whom　I　am　devoted。＇68＇　And　he；　on　his　side；　is　not　the　person　to　admire　those　whose　tale　of　gold　and　silver　happens　to　be　the　largest；　but　those　who　are　well…pleasing　to　him　he　chooses　for　companions；　and　will　consort　with　to　the　end。

＇65＇　See　Eur。　〃Ion；〃　601。　Lit。　〃at　every　moment　I　command　it。〃

＇66＇　〃To　gaze　upon　all　fairest　shows　（like　a　spectator　in　the　　　　　theatre）；　and　to　drink　in　sounds　most　delectable。〃　So　Walt　　　　　Whitman。

＇67＇　Aristot。　〃Rhet。〃　ii。　4。　12；　〃Eth。　N。〃　ix。　4。　9。

＇68＇　See　〃Mem。〃　III。　xi。　17。

With　these　words　the　speaker　ended；　and　Callias　exclaimed：

By　Hera；　I　envy　you　your　wealth；　Antisthenes；　firstly；　because　the　state　does　not　lay　burthens　on　you　and　treat　you　like　a　slave；　and　secondly；　people　do　not　fall　into　a　rage　with　you　when　you　refuse　to　be　their　creditor。

You　may　stay　your　envy　（interposed　Niceratus）；　I　shall　presently　present　myself　to　borrow　of　him　this　same　key　of　his　to　independence。＇69＇　Trained　as　I　am　to　cast　up　figures　by　my　master　Homer

　　　　Seven　tripods；　which　ne'er　felt　the　fire；　and　of　gold　ten　talents　　　　　And　burnished　braziers　twenty；　and　horses　twelve＇70＇

by　weight　and　measure　duly　reckoned；＇71＇　I　cannot　stay　my　craving　for　enormous　wealth。　And　that's　the　reason　certain　people；　I　daresay；　imagine　I　am　inordinately　fond　of　riches。

＇69＇　Or；　〃his　want…for…nothing；〃　or；　〃supply…all。〃

＇70＇　Niceratus　quotes　〃Il。〃　ix。　122；　123；　263；　264。

＇71＇　Or；　〃by　number　and　by　measure；〃　〃so　much　apiece；　so　much　a　　　　　pound；〃　in　reference　to　Antisthenes'　remark　that　Socrates　does　not　　　　　stint　his　〃good　things。〃

The　remark　drew　forth　a　peal　of　laughter　from　the　company；　who　thought　the　speaker　hit　the　truth　exactly。

Then　some　one：　It　lies　with　you；　Hermogenes；　to　tell　us　who　your　friends　are；　and　next；　to　demonstrate　the　greatness　of　their　power　and　their　care　for　you；　if　you　would　prove　to　us　your　right　to　pride　yoruself　on　them。

Herm。　That　the　gods　know　all　things；　that　the　present　and　the　future　lie　before　their　eyes；　are　tenets　held　by　Hellenes　and　barbarians　alike。　This　is　obvious；　or　else；　why　do　states　and　nations；　one　and　all；　inquire　of　the　gods　by　divination　what　they　ought　to　do　and　what　they　ought　not？　This　also　is　apparent；　that　we　believe　them　able　to　do　us　good　and　to　do　us　harm；　or　why　do　all　men　pray　to　Heaven　to　avert　the　evil　and　bestow　the　good？　Well　then；　my　boast　is　that　these　gods；　who　know　and　can　do　all　things；＇72＇　deign　to　be　my　frie