the writings-4-第13章

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favor　of　acquiring　additional　territory；　in　disregard　of　how　it　may

affect　us　upon　the　slavery　question？〃　Judge　Douglas　answered；that

is；　in　his　own　way　he　answered　it。　　I　believe　that；　although　he　took

a　good　many　words　to　answer　it；　it　was　a　little　more　fully　answered

than　any　other。　　The　substance　of　his　answer　was　that　this　country

would　continue　to　expand；　that　it　would　need　additional　territory；

that　it　was　as　absurd　to　suppose　that　we　could　continue　upon　our

present　territory；　enlarging　in　population　as　we　are；　as　it　would　be

to　hoop　a　boy　twelve　years　of　age；　and　expect　him　to　grow　to　man's

size　without　bursting　the　hoops。　　I　believe　it　was　something　like

that。　　Consequently；　he　was　in　favor　of　the　acquisition　of　further

territory　as　fast　as　we　might　need　it；　in　disregard　of　how　it　might

affect　the　slavery　question。　　I　do　not　say　this　as　giving　his　exact

language；　but　he　said　so　substantially；　and　he　would　leave　the

question　of　slavery；　where　the　territory　was　acquired；　to　be　settled

by　the　people　of　the　acquired　territory。　　＇〃That's　the　doctrine。〃＇

May　be　it　is；　let　us　consider　that　for　a　while。　　This　will　probably；

in　the　run　of　things；　become　one　of　the　concrete　manifestations　of

this　slavery　question。　　If　Judge　Douglas's　policy　upon　this　question

succeeds；　and　gets　fairly　settled　down；　until　all　opposition　is

crushed　out；　the　next　thing　will　be　a　grab　for　the　territory　of　poor

Mexico；　an　invasion　of　the　rich　lands　of　South　America；　then　the

adjoining　islands　will　follow；　each　one　of　which　promises　additional

slave…fields。　　And　this　question　is　to　be　left　to　the　people　of　those

countries　for　settlement。　　When　we　get　Mexico；　I　don't　know　whether

the　Judge　will　be　in　favor　of　the　Mexican　people　that　we　get　with　it

settling　that　question　for　themselves　and　all　others；　because　we　know

the　Judge　has　a　great　horror　for　mongrels；　and　I　understand　that　the

people　of　Mexico　are　most　decidedly　a　race　of　mongrels。　　I　understand

that　there　is　not　more　than　one　person　there　out　of　eight　who　is　pure

white；　and　I　suppose　from　the　Judge's　previous　declaration　that　when

we　get　Mexico；　or　any　considerable　portion　of　it；　that　he　will　be　in

favor　of　these　mongrels　settling　the　question；　which　would　bring　him

somewhat　into　collision　with　his　horror　of　an　inferior　race。



It　is　to　be　remembered；　though；　that　this　power　of　acquiring

additional　territory　is　a　power　confided　to　the　President　and　the

Senate　of　the　United　States。　　It　is　a　power　not　under　the　control　of

the　representatives　of　the　people　any　further　than　they；　the

President　and　the　Senate；　can　be　considered　the　representatives　of

the　people。　　Let　me　illustrate　that　by　a　case　we　have　in　our　history。

When　we　acquired　the　territory　from　Mexico　in　the　Mexican　War；　the

House　of　Representatives；　composed　of　the　immediate　representatives

of　the　people；　all　the　time　insisted　that　the　territory　thus　to　be

acquired　should　be　brought　in　upon　condition　that　slavery　should　be

forever　prohibited　therein；　upon　the　terms　and　in　the　language　that

slavery　had　been　prohibited　from　coming　into　this　country。　　That　was

insisted　upon　constantly　and　never　failed　to　call　forth　an　assurance

that　any　territory　thus　acquired　should　have　that　prohibition　in　it；

so　far　as　the　House　of　Representatives　was　concerned。　　But　at　last

the　President　and　Senate　acquired　the　territory　without　asking　the

House　of　Representatives　anything　about　it；　and　took　it　without　that

prohibition。　　They　have　the　power　of　acquiring　territory　without　the

immediate　representatives　of　the　people　being　called　upon　to　say

anything　about　it；　and　thus　furnishing　a　very　apt　and　powerful　means

of　bringing　new　territory　into　the　Union；　and；　when　it　is　once

brought　into　the　country；　involving　us　anew　in　this　slavery

agitation。　　It　is　therefore；　as　I　think；　a　very　important　question

for　due　consideration　of　the　American　people；　whether　the　policy　of

bringing　in　additional　territory；　without　considering　at　all　how　it

will　operate　upon　the　safety　of　the　Union　in　reference　to　this　one

great　disturbing　element　in　our　national　politics；　shall　be　adopted

as　the　policy　of　the　country。　　You　will　bear　in　mind　that　it　is　to　be

acquired；　according　to　the　Judge's　view；　as　fast　as　it　is　needed；　and

the　indefinite　part　of　this　proposition　is　that　we　have　only　Judge

Douglas　and　his　class　of　men　to　decide　how　fast　it　is　needed。　　We

have　no　clear　and　certain　way　of　determining　or　demonstrating　how

fast　territory　is　needed　by　the　necessities　of　the　country。　　Whoever

wants　to　go　out　filibustering；　then；　thinks　that　more　territory　is

needed。　　Whoever　wants　wider　slave…fields　feels　sure　that　some

additional　territory　is　needed　as　slave　territory。　　Then　it　is　as

easy　to　show　the　necessity　of　additional　slave…territory　as　it　is　to

assert　anything　that　is　incapable　of　absolute　demonstration。

Whatever　motive　a　man　or　a　set　of　men　may　have　for　making　annexation

of　property　or　territory；　it　is　very　easy　to　assert；　but　much　less

easy　to　disprove；　that　it　is　necessary　for　the　wants　of　the　country。



And　now　it　only　remains　for　me　to　say　that　I　think　it　is　a　very　grave

question　for　the　people　of　this　Union　to　consider；　whether；　in　view

of　the　fact　that　this　slavery　question　has　been　the　only　one　that　has

ever　endangered　our　Republican　institutions；　the　only　one　that　has

ever　threatened　or　menaced　a　dissolution　of　the　Union；　that　has　ever

disturbed　us　in　such　a　way　as　to　make　us　fear　for　the　perpetuity　of

our　liberty；in　view　of　these　facts；　I　think　it　is　an　exceedingly

interesting　and　important　question　for　this　people　to　consider

whether　we　shall　engage　in　the　policy　of　acquiring　additional

territory；　discarding　altogether　from　our　consideration；　while

obtaining　new　territory；　the　question　how　it　may　affect　us　in　regard

to　this；　the　only　endangering　element　to　our　liberties　and　national

greatness。　　The　Judge's　view　has　been　expressed。　　I；　in　my　answer　to

his　question；　have　expressed　mine。　　I　think　it　will　become　an

important　and　practical　question。　　Our　views　are　before　the　public。

I　am　willing　and　anxious　that　they　should　consider　them　fully；　that

they　should　turn　it　about　and　consider　the　importance　of　the

question；　and　arrive　at　a　just　conclusion　as　to　whether　it　is　or　is

not　wise　in　the　people　of　this　Union；　in　the　acquisition　of　new

territory；　to　consider　whether　it　will　add　to　the　disturbance　that　is

existing　amongst　uswhether　it　will　add　to　the　one　only　danger　that

has　ever　threatened　the　perpetuity　of　the　Union　or　our　own　liberties。

I　think　it　is　extremely　important　that　they　shall　decide；　and　rightly

decide；　that　question　before　entering　upon　that　policy。



And　now；　my　friends；　having　said　the　little　I　wish　to　say　upon　this

head；　whether　I　have　occupied　the　whole　of　the　remnant　of　my　time　or

not；　I　believe　I　could　not　enter　upon　any　new　topic　so　as　to　treat　it

fully；　without　transcending　my　time；　which　I　would　not　for　a　moment

think　of　doing。　　I　give　way　to　Judge　Douglas。









SIXTH　JOINT　DEBATE；



AT　QUINCY；　OCTOBER　13；　1858。



LADIES　AND　GENTLEMEN：　I　have　had　no　immediate　conference　with　Judge

Douglas；　but　I　will　venture　to　say　that　he　and　I　will　perfectly　agree

that　your　entire　silence；　both　when　I　speak　and　when　he　speaks；　will

be　most　agreeable　to　us。



In　the　month　of　May；　1856；　the　elements　in　the　State　of　Illinois

which　have　since　been　consolidated　into　the　Republican　party

assembled　together　in　a　State　Convention　at　Bloomington。　　They

adopted　at　that　time　what；　in　political　language；　is　called　a

platform。　　In　June　of　the　same　year　the　elements　of　the　Republican

party　in　the　nation　assembled　together　in　a　National　Convention　at

Philadelphia。　　They　adopted　what　is　called　the　National　Platform。　　In

June；　1858；the　present　year；the　Republicans　of　Illinois

reassembled　at　Springfield；　in　State　Convention；　and　adopted　again

their　platform；　as　I　suppose　not　differing　in　any　essential

particular