letters to his son, 1750-第8章
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ke； aim at perfection in everything： 'Nil actum reputans si quid superesset agendum。 Adieu。 Yours most tenderly。
LETTER CVIII
LONDON； March 19； O。 S。 1750。
MY DEAR FRIEND： I acknowledge your last letter of the 24th February； N。 S。 In return for your earthquake； I can tell you that we have had here more than our share of earthquakes； for we had two very strong ones in eight…and…twenty days。 They really do too much honor to our cold climate； in your warm one； they are compensated by favors from the sun； which we do not enjoy。
I did not think that the present Pope was a sort of man to build seven modern little chapels at the expense of so respectable a piece of antiquity as the Coliseum。 However； let his Holiness's taste of 'virtu' be ever so bad； pray get somebody to present you to him before you leave Rome； and without hesitation kiss his slipper； or whatever else the etiquette of that Court requires。 I would have you see all those ceremonies； and I presume that you are； by this time； ready enough at Italian to understand and answer 'il Santo Padre' in that language。 I hope； too； that you have acquired address and usage enough of the world to be presented to anybody； without embarrassment or disapprobation。 If that is not yet quite perfect； as I cannot suppose it is entirely； custom will improve it daily； and habit at last complete it。 I have for some time told you； that the great difficulties are pretty well conquered。 You have acquired knowledge； which is the 'principium et fons'； but you have now a variety of lesser things to attend to； which collectively make one great and important object。 You easily guess that I mean the graces； the air； address； politeness； and； in short； the whole 'tournure' and 'agremens' of a man of fashion； so many little things conspire to form that 'tournure'； that though separately they seem too insignificant to mention； yet aggregately they are too material for me （who think for you down to the very lowest things） to omit。 For instance； do you use yourself to carve； eat and drink genteelly； and with ease？ Do you take care to walk； sit； stand； and present yourself gracefully？ Are you sufficiently upon your guard against awkward attitudes； and illiberal； ill…bred； and disgusting habits； such as scratching yourself； putting your fingers in your mouth； nose； and ears？ Tricks always acquired at schools； often too much neglected afterward； but； however； extremely ill…bred and nauseous。 For I do not conceive that any man has a right to exhibit； in company； any one excrement more than another。 Do you dress well； and think a little of the brillant in your person？ That； too； is necessary； because it is 'prevenant'。 Do you aim at easy； engaging； but； at the same time； civil or respectful manners； according to the company you are in？ These； and a thousand other things； which you will observe in people of fashion better than I can describe them； are absolutely necessary for every man； but still more for you； than for almost any man living。 The showish； the shining； the engaging parts of the character of a fine gentleman； should （considering your destination） be the principal objects； of your present attention。
When you return here； I am apt to think that you will find something better to do than to run to Mr。 Osborne's at Gray's Inn； to pick up scarce books。 Buy good books and read them； the best books are the commonest； and the last editions are always the best； if the editors are not blockheads； for they may profit of the former。 But take care not to understand editions and title…pages too well。 It always smells of pedantry； and not always of learning。 What curious books I havethey are indeed but fewshall be at your service。 I have some of the old Collana； and the Machiavel of 1550。 Beware of the 'Bibliomanie'。
In the midst of either your studies or your pleasures； pray never lose view of the object of your destination： I mean the political affairs of Europe。 Follow them politically； chronologically； and geographically； through the newspapers； and trace up the facts which you meet with there to their sources： as； for example； consult the treaties Neustadt and Abo； with regard to the disputes； which you read of every day in the public papers； between Russia and Sweden。 For the affairs of Italy； which are reported to be the objects of present negotiations； recur to the quadruple alliance of the year 1718； and follow them down through their several variations to the treaty of Aix…la…Chapelle； 1748； in which （by the bye） you will find the very different tenures by which the Infant Don Philip； your namesake； holds Parma and Placentia。 Consult； also； the Emperor Charles the Sixth's Act of Cession of the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily； being a point which； upon the death of the present King of Spain； is likely to occasion some disputes； do not lose the thread of these matters； which is carried on with great ease； but if once broken； is resumed with difficulty。
Pray tell Mr。 Harte； that I have sent his packet to Baron Firmian by Count Einsiedlen； who is gone from hence this day for Germany； and passes through Vienna in his way to Italy； where he is in hopes of crossing upon you somewhere or other。 Adieu； my friend。
LETTER CIX
LONDON； March 29； O。 S。 1750
MY DEAR FRIEND： You are now； I suppose； at Naples； in a new scene of 'Virtu'； examining all the curiosities of Herculaneum； watching the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius； and surveying the magnificent churches and public buildings； by which Naples is distinguished。
You have a court there into the bargain； which； I hope； you frequent and attend to。 Polite manners； a versatility of mind； a complaisance even to enemies； and the 'volto sciolto'； with the 'pensieri stretti'； are only to be learned at courts； and must be well learned by whoever would either shine or thrive in them。 Though they do not change the nature； they smooth and soften the manners of mankind。 Vigilance； dexterity； and flexibility supply the place of natural force； and it is the ablest mind； not the strongest body that prevails there。 Monsieur and Madame Fogliani will； I am sure； show you all the politeness of courts； for I know no better bred people than they are。 Domesticate yourself there while you stay at Naples； and lay aside the English coldness and formality。 You have also a letter to Comte Mahony； whose house I hope you frequent； as it is the resort of the best company。 His sister； Madame Bulkeley； is now here； and had I known of your going so soon to Naples； I would have got you； 'ex abundanti'； a letter from her to her brother。 The conversation of the moderns in the evening is full as necessary for you； as that of the ancients in the morning。
You would do well； while you are at Naples； to read some very short history of that kingdom。 It has had great variety of masters； and has occasioned many wars； the general history of which will enable you to ask many proper questions； and to receive useful informations in return。 Inquire into the manner and form of that government； for constitution it has none； being an absolute one； but the most absolute governments have certain customs and forms； which are more or less observed by their respective tyrants。 In China it is the fashion for the emperors； absolute as they are； to govern with justice and equity； as in the other Oriental monarchies； it is the custom to govern by violence and cruelty。 The King of France； as absolute； in fact； as any of them； is by custom only more gentle； for I know of no constitutional bar to his will。 England is now； the only monarchy in the world； that can properly be said to have a constitution； for the people's rights and liberties are secured by laws； and I cannot reckon Sweden and Poland to be monarchies； those two kings having little more to say than the Doge of Venice。 I do not presume to say anything of the constitution of the empire to you； who are 'jurisperitorum Germanicorum facile princeps'。
When you write to me； which； by the way； you do pretty seldom； tell me rather whom you see； than what you see。 Inform me of your evening transactions and acquaintances； where； and how you pass your evenings； what people of learning you have made
