letters to his son, 1750-第2章

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　is　so；　for　it　hurts　nobody　but　themselves。　　This　sort　of　lying　is　the　spurious　offspring　of　vanity；　begotten　upon　folly：　these　people　deal　in　the　marvelous；　they　have　seen　some　things　that　never　existed；　they　have　seen　other　things　which　they　never　really　saw；　though　they　did　exist；　only　because　they　were　thought　worth　seeing。　　Has　anything　remarkable　been　said　or　done　in　any　place；　or　in　any　company？　they　immediately　present　and　declare　themselves　eye　or　ear　witnesses　of　it。　　They　have　done　feats　themselves；　unattempted；　or　at　least　unperformed　by　others。　　They　are　always　the　heroes　of　their　own　fables；　and　think　that　they　gain　consideration；　or　at　least　present　attention；　by　it。　　Whereas；　in　truth；　all　that　they　get　is　ridicule　and　contempt；　not　without　a　good　degree　of　distrust；　for　one　must　naturally　conclude；　that　he　who　will　tell　any　lie　from　idle　vanity；　will　not　scruple　telling　a　greater　for　interest。　　Had　I　really　seen　anything　so　very　extraordinary　as　to　be　almost　incredible　I　would　keep　it　to　myself；　rather　than　by　telling　it　give　anybody　room　to　doubt；　for　one　minute；　of　my　veracity。　　It　is　most　certain；　that　the　reputation　of　chastity　is　not　so　necessary　for　a　women；　as　that　of　veracity　is　for　a　man；　and　with　reason；　for　it　is　possible　for　a　woman　to　be　virtuous；　though　not　strictly　chaste；　but　it　is　not　possible　for　a　man　to　be　virtuous　without　strict　veracity。　　The　slips　of　the　poor　women　are　sometimes　mere　bodily　frailties；　but　a　lie　in　a　man　is　a　vice　of　the　mind　and　of　the　heart。　For　God's　sake　be　scrupulously　jealous　of　the　purity　of　your　moral　character；　keep　it　immaculate；　unblemished；　unsullied；　and　it　will　be　unsuspected。　　Defamation　and　calumny　never　attack；　where　there　is　no　weak　place；　they　magnify；　but　they　do　not　create。

There　is　a　very　great　difference　between　the　purity　of　character；　which　I　so　earnestly　recommend　to　you；　and　the　stoical　gravity　and　austerity　of　character；　which　I　do　by　no　means　recommend　to　you。　　At　your；　age；　I　would　no　more　wish　you　to　be　a　Cato　than　a　Clodius。　　Be；　and　be　reckoned；　a　man　of　pleasure　as　well　as　a　man　of　business。　　Enjoy　this　happy　and　giddy　time　of　your　life；　shine　in　the　pleasures；　and　in　the　company　of　people　of　your　own　age。　　This　is　all　to　be　done；　and　indeed　only　can　be　done；　without　the　least　taint　to　the　purity　of　your　moral　character；　for　those　mistaken　young　fellows；　who　think　to　shine　by　an　impious　or　immoral　licentiousness；　shine　only　from　their　stinking；　like　corrupted　flesh；　in　the　dark。　　Without　this　purity；　you　can　have　no　dignity　of　character；　and　without　dignity　of　character　it　is　impossible　to　rise　in　the　world。　　You　must　be　respectable；　if　you　will　be　respected。　I　have　known　people　slattern　away　their　character；　without　really　polluting　it；　the　consequence　of　which　has　been；　that　they　have　become　innocently　contemptible；　their　merit　has　been　dimmed；　their　pretensions　unregarded；　and　all　their　views　defeated。　　Character　must　be　kept　bright；　as　well　as　clean。　　Content　yourself　with　mediocrity　in　nothing。　　In　purity　of　character　and　in　politeness　of　manners　labor　to　excel　all；　if　you　wish　to　equal　many。　　Adieu。




LETTER　CI

LONDON；　January　11；　O。　S。　　1750

MY　DEAR　FRIEND：　Yesterday　I　received　a　letter　from　Mr。　Harte；　of　the　31st　December；　N。　S。；　which　I　will　answer　soon；　and　for　which　I　desire　you　to　return　him　my　thanks　now。　　He　tells　me　two　things　that　give　me　great　satisfaction：　one　is　that　there　are　very　few　English　at　Rome；　the　other　is；　that　you　frequent　the　best　foreign　companies。　　This　last　is　a　very　good　symptom；　for　a　man　of　sense　is　never　desirous　to　frequent　those　companies；　where　he　is　not　desirous　to　please；　or　where　he　finds　that　he　displeases；　it　will　not　be　expected　in　those　companies；　that；　at　your　age；　you　should　have　the　'Garbo'；　the　'Disinvoltura'；　and　the　'Leggiadria'　of　a　man　of　five…and…twenty；　who　has　been　long　used　to　keep　the　best　companies；　and　therefore　do　not　be　discouraged；　and　think　yourself　either　slighted　or　laughed　at；　because　you　see　others；　older　and　more　used　to　the　world；　easier；　more　familiar；　and　consequently　rather　better　received　in　those　companies　than　yourself。　　In　time　your　turn　will　come；　and　if　you　do　but　show　an　inclination；　a　desire　to　please；　though　you　should　be　embarrassed　or　even　err　in　the　means；　which　must　necessarily　happen　to　you　at　first；　yet　the　will　（to　use　a　vulgar　expression）　will　be　taken　for　the　deed；　and　people；　instead　of　laughing　at　you；　will　be　glad　to　instruct　you。　　Good　sense　can　only　give　you　the　great　outlines　of　good…breeding；　but　observation　and　usage　can　alone　give　you　the　delicate　touches；　and　the　fine　coloring。　　You　will　naturally　endeavor　to　show　the　utmost　respect　to　people　of　certain　ranks　and　characters；　and　consequently　you　will　show　it；　but　the　proper；　the　delicate　manner　of　showing　that　respect；　nothing　but　observation　and　time　can　give。

I　remember　that　when；　with　all　the　awkwardness　and　rust　of　Cambridge　about　me；　I　was　first　introduced　into　good　company；　I　was　frightened　out　of　my　wits。　　I　was　determined　to　be；　what　I　thought；　civil；　I　made　fine　low　bows；　and　placed　myself　below　everybody；　but　when　I　was　spoken　to；　or　attempted　to　speak　myself；　'obstupui；　steteruntque　comae；　et　vox　faucibus　haesit'。　　If　I　saw　people　whisper；　I　was　sure　it　was　at　me；　and　I　thought　myself　the　sole　object　of　either　the　ridicule　or　the　censure　of　the　whole　company；　who；　God　knows；　did　not　trouble　their　heads　about　me。　In　this　way　I　suffered；　for　some　time；　like　a　criminal　at　the　bar；　and　should　certainly　have　renounced　all　polite　company　forever；　if　I　had　not　been　so　convinced　of　the　absolute　necessity　of　forming　my　manners　upon　those　of　the　best　companies；　that　I　determined　to　persevere　and　suffer　anything；　or　everything；　rather　than　not　compass　that　point。　　Insensibly　it　grew　easier　to　me；　and　I　began　not　to　bow　so　ridiculously　low；　and　to　answer　questions　without　great　hesitation　or　stammering：　if；　now　and　then；　some　charitable　people；　seeing　my　embarrassment；　and　being　'desoevre'　themselves；　came　and　spoke　to　me；　I　considered　them　as　angels　sent　to　comfort　me；　and　that　gave　me　a　little　courage。　　I　got　more　soon　afterward；　and　was　intrepid　enough　to　go　up　to　a　fine　woman；　and　tell　her　that　I　thought　it　a　warm　day；　she　answered　me；　very　civilly；　that　she　thought　so　too；　upon　which　the　conversation　ceased；　on　my　part；　for　some　time；　till　she；　good…naturedly　resuming　it；　spoke　to　me　thus：　〃I　see　your　embarrassment；　and　I　am　sure　that　the　few　words　you　said　to　me　cost　you　a　great　deal；　but　do　not　be　discouraged　for　that　reason；　and　avoid　good　company。　　We　see　that　you　desire　to　please；　and　that　is　the　main　point；　you　want　only　the　manner；　and　you　think　that　you　want　it　still　more　than　you　do。　　You　must　go　through　your　noviciate　before　you　can　profess　good…　breeding：　and；　if　you　will　be　my　novice；　I　will　present　you　my　acquaintance　as　such。〃

You　will　easily　imagine　how　much　this　speech　pleased　me；　and　how　awkwardly　I　answered　it；　I　hemmed　once　or　twice　（for　it　gave　me　a　bur　in　my　throat）　before　I　could　tell　her　that　I　was　very　much　obliged　to　her；　that　it　was　true；　that　I　had　a　great　deal　of　reason　to　distrust　my　own　behavior；　not　being　used　to　fine　company；　and　that　I　should　be　proud　of　being　her　novice；　and　receiving　her　instructions。

As　soon　as　I　had　fumbled　out　this　answer；　she　called　up　three　or　four　people　to　her；　and　said：　Savez…vous　（for　she　was　a　foreigner；　and　I　was　abroad）　que　j'ai　entrepris　ce　jeune　homme；　et　qu'il　le　faut　rassurer？　Pour　moi；　je　crois　en　avoir　fait　＇Do　you　know　that　I　have　undertaken　this　young　man；　and　he　must　be　encouraged？　　As　for　me；　I　think　I　have　made　a　conquest　of　him；　for　he　just　now　ventured　to　tell　me；　although　tremblingly；　that　it　is　warm。　　You　will　assist　me　in　polishing　him。　　He　must　necessarily　have　a　passion　for　somebody；　if　he　does　not　think　me　worthy　of　being　the　object；　he　will　seek　out　some　other。　　However；　my　novice；　do　not　disgrace　yourself　by　frequenting　opera　girls　and　actresses；　who　will　not　require　of　you　sentiments　and　politeness；　but　will　be　your　ruin　in　every　respect。　　I　repeat　it　to　you；　my；　friend；　if　you　should　get　into　low；　mean　company；　you　will　be　undone。　　Those　creatures　will　destroy　your　fortune　and　you