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Life Is A Dream


by Pedro Calderon de la Barca


Translated by Edward Fitzgerald









INTRODUCTORY NOTE



Pedro Calderon de la Barca was born in Madrid; January 17; 1600; of

good family。 He was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid and at

the University of Salamanca; and a doubtful tradition says that he

began to write plays at the age of thirteen。 His literary activity was

interrupted for ten years; 1625…1635; by military service in Italy and

the Low Countries; and again for a year or more in Catalonia。 In 1637

he became a Knight of the Order of Santiago; and in 1651 he entered

the priesthood; rising to the dignity of Superior of the Brotherhood

of San Pedro in Madrid。 He held various offices in the court of Philip

IV; who rewarded his services with pensions; and had his plays

produced with great splendor。 He died May 5; 1681。



At the time when Calderon began to compose for the stage; the Spanish

drama was at its height。 Lope de Vega; the most prolific and; with

Calderon; the greatest; of Spanish dramatists; was still alive; and by

his applause gave encouragement to the beginner whose fame was to

rival his own。 The national type of drama which Lope had established

was maintained in its essential characteristics by Calderon; and he

produced abundant specimens of all its varieties。 Of regular plays he

has left a hundred and twenty; of 〃Autos Sacramentales;〃 the peculiar

Spanish allegorical development of the medieval mystery; we have

seventy…three; besides a considerable number of farces。



The dominant motives in Calderon's dramas are characteristically

national: fervid loyalty to Church and King; and a sense of honor

heightened almost to the point of the fantastic。 Though his plays are

laid in a great variety of scenes and ages; the sentiment and the

characters remain essentially Spanish; and this intensely local

quality has probably lessened the vogue of Calderon in other

countries。 In the construction and conduct of his plots he showed

great skill; yet the ingenuity expended in the management of the story

did not restrain the fiery emotion and opulent imagination which mark

his finest speeches and give them a lyric quality which some critics

regard as his greatest distinction。



Of all Calderon's works; 〃Life is a Dream〃 may be regarded as the most

universal in its theme。 It seeks to teach a lesson that may be learned

from the philosophers and religious thinkers of many agesthat the

world of our senses is a mere shadow; and that the only reality is to

be found in the invisible and eternal。 The story which forms its basis

is Oriental in origin; and in the form of the legend of 〃Barlaam and

Josaphat〃 was familiar in all the literatures of the Middle Ages。

Combined with this in the plot is the tale of Abou Hassan from the

〃Arabian Nights;〃 the main situations in which are turned to farcical

purposes in the Induction to the Shakespearean 〃Taming of the Shrew。〃

But with Calderon the theme is lifted altogether out of the atmosphere

of comedy; and is worked up with poetic sentiment and a touch of

mysticism into a symbolic drama of profound and universal

philosophical significance。











LIFE IS A DREAM







DRAMATIS PERSONAE



Basilio           King of Poland。

Segismund         his Son。

Astolfo           his Nephew。

Estrella          his Niece。

Clotaldo          a General in Basilio's Service。

Rosaura           a Muscovite Lady。

Fife              her Attendant。



Chamberlain; Lords in Waiting; Officers; Soldiers; etc。; in Basilio's

Service。







The Scene of the first and third Acts lies on the Polish frontier: of

the second Act; in Warsaw。



As this version of Calderon's drama is not for acting; a higher and

wider mountain…scene than practicable may be imagined for Rosaura's

descent in the first Act and the soldiers' ascent in the last。 The bad

watch kept by the sentinels who guarded their state…prisoner; together

with much else (not all!) that defies sober sense in this wild drama;

I must leave Calderon to answer for; whose audience were not critical

of detail and probability; so long as a good story; with strong;

rapid; and picturesque action and situation; was set before them。







ACT I







SCENE IA pass of rocks; over which a storm is rolling away; and the

sun setting: in the foreground; half…way down; a fortress。





(Enter first from the topmost rock Rosaura; as from horseback; in

man's attire; and; after her; Fife。)



ROSAURA。

There; four…footed Fury; blast

Engender'd brute; without the wit

Of brute; or mouth to match the bit

Of manart satisfied at last?

Who; when thunder roll'd aloof;

Tow'rd the spheres of fire your ears

Pricking; and the granite kicking

Into lightning with your hoof;

Among the tempest…shatter'd crags

Shattering your luckless rider

Back into the tempest pass'd?

There then lie to starve and die;

Or find another Phaeton

Mad…mettled as yourself; for I;

Wearied; worried; and for…done;

Alone will down the mountain try;

That knits his brows against the sun。



FIFE (as to his mule)。

There; thou mis…begotten thing;

Long…ear'd lightning; tail'd tornado;

Griffin…hoof…in hurricano;

(I might swear till I were almost

Hoarse with roaring Asonante)

Who forsooth because our betters

Would begin to kick and fling

You forthwith your noble mind

Must prove; and kick me off behind;

Tow'rd the very centre whither

Gravity was most inclined。

There where you have made your bed

In it lie; for; wet or dry;

Let what will for me betide you;

Burning; blowing; freezing; hailing;

Famine waste you: devil ride you:

Tempest baste you black and blue:

(To Rosaura。)

There! I think in downright railing

I can hold my own with you。



ROS。

Ah; my good Fife; whose merry loyal pipe;

Come weal; come woe; is never out of tune

What; you in the same plight too?



FIFE。

Ay; And madamsirhereby desire;

When you your own adventures sing

Another time in lofty rhyme;

You don't forget the trusty squire

Who went with you Don…quixoting。



ROS。

Well; my good fellowto leave Pegasus

Who scarce can serve us than our horses worse

They say no one should rob another of

The single satisfaction he has left

Of singing his own sorrows; one so great;

So says some great philosopher; that trouble

Were worth encount'ring only for the sake

Of weeping overwhat perhaps you know

Some poet calls the 'luxury of woe。'



FIFE。

Had I the poet or philosopher

In the place of her that kick'd me off to ride;

I'd test his theory upon his hide。

But no bones broken; madamsir; I mean?



ROS。

A scratch here that a handkerchief will heal

And you?



FIFE。

A scratch in /quiddity/; or kind:

But not in '/quo/'my wounds are all behind。

But; as you say; to stop this strain;

Which; somehow; once one's in the vein;

Comes clattering afterthere again!

What are we twaindeuce take't!we two;

I mean; to dodrench'd through and through

Oh; I shall choke of rhymes; which I believe

Are all that we shall have to live on here。



ROS。

What; is our victual gone too?



FIFE。

Ay; that brute

Has carried all we had away with her;

Clothing; and cate; and all。



ROS。

And now the sun;

Our only friend and guide; about to sink

Under the stage of earth。



FIFE。

And enter Night;

With Capa y Espadaandpray heaven!

With but her lanthorn also。



ROS。

Ah; I doubt

To…night; if any; with a dark oneor

Almost burnt out after a month's consumption。

Well! well or ill; on horseback or afoot;

This is the gate that lets me into Poland;

And; sorry welcome as she gives a guest

Who writes his own arrival on her rocks

In his own blood

Yet better on her stony threshold die;

Than live on unrevenged in Muscovy。



FIFE。

Oh; what a soul some women haveI mean

Some men



ROS。

Oh; Fife; Fife; as you love me; Fif

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