ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£ÖƼ°ÆäÆôʾ-µÚ1ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿¡¡º£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶÈÊǺ£¹Ø´¦ÀíÑÏÃܼà¹ÜÓëóÒ×±ãÀûÁ½ÕßÖ®¼ä¹ØϵµÄÓÐЧÊֶΡ£ÖÐÃÀÁ½¹ú¾ùÒѽ¨Á¢Á˺£¹Øµ£±£Öƶȡ£µ«ÓëÃÀ¹úÏà±È£¬ÎÒ¹úÓ¦Öƶ¨Ò»²¿Í³Ò»µÄº£¹Øµ£±£·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æ£¬²ÉÈ¡¡°¹éÄÉ˵Ã÷¡±Óë¡°ÊÚȨÌõ¿î¡±Ïà½áºÏ·½Ê½²ûÊöº£¹Øµ£±£ÊÊÓÃÇéÐΣ¬Í¬Ê±×¢ÒâÏÞÖÆ¡°ÊÚȨÌõ¿î¡±ÎÞÏÞÀ©´óµÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£¶ÔÓÚµ£±£ÈË×ʸñÎÊÌâÓ¦³ä·Öϸ»¯£¬²¢½«×¨Òµ»¯µ£±£¹«Ë¾±£º¯ÄÉÈëµ½º£¹Øµ£±£ÎïµÄ·¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ£¬¶Ôº£¹Øµ£±£µÄ»ù±¾³ÌÐòÒ²Ó¦×÷³öÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨£¬Ìض¨º£¹Øµ£±£ÒµÎñµÄ³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÖƶ¨¹æÕµķ½Ê½ÓèÒÔ½â¾ö¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿º£¹Øµ£±££»µ£±£ÈË£»µ£±£³ÌÐò
¡¡¡¡¡¾ÕýÎÄ¡¿
¡¡¡¡ÏÖ´úº£¹ØÔÚ·¢Õ¹¹ý³ÌÖÐʼÖÕÃæÁÙ×ÅÁ½¸ö·½ÃæµÄÌôÕ½£¬Ò»ÊÇÑÏÃܼà¹Ü£¬¶þÊÇóÒ×±ãÀû¡£ÎªÁËе÷ºÃÁ½Õß¹Øϵ£¬¹ú¼ÊÉç»áºÍ¸÷¹úº£¹ØÏȺóÍƳöÁËһϵÁдëÊ©£¬ÆäÖУ¬´ÓÃñÉÌ·¨ÀíÂÛÖÐÒýÈë¡°µ£±£¡±Öƶȣ¬²¢×ª»¯Îªº£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶÈÔòÊÇÒ»ÏîÒѱ»Ö¤Ã÷Ϊ·Ç³£ÓÐЧµÄÊֶΣ¬²¢ÇÒ£¬º£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶȻ¹±»ÄÉÈëµ½¡¶¹ØÓÚ¼ò»¯ºÍе÷º£¹ØÖƶȵĹú¼Ê¹«Ô¼¡·£¨ÒÔϼò³Æ¡¶¾©¶¼¹«Ô¼¡·£©×ܸ½Ô¼Ö®ÖС£¡¶¾©¶¼¹«Ô¼¡·ÔÚ×ܸ½Ô¼µÚ5Õ¡°µ£±£¡±ÒýÑÔÖÐÖ¸³ö£º¡°º£¹Øͨ³£ÒªÇóÌṩµ£±£»òµ£±£ÎÓÃÀ´È·±£É걨ÈËÂÄÐÐÏòº£¹Ø³Ðµ£µÄÒåÎñ¡£µ£±£µÄÊ×ҪĿµÄÊÇÈ·±£Ë°·ÑµÄÖ§¸¶¡£¼øÓÚº£¹ØÒµÎñÖƶȡ¢×ö·¨»òÒªÇ󣬵£±£Ò²»áÔÚÆäËûÇé¿öϱ»ÒªÇóÓÃÀ´È·±£É걨ÈË»ò¾ÓªÕ߳е£ÒåÎñµÄÂÄÐС£Òò´Ë£¬¹ú¼ÒÁ¢·¨Ó¦¹æ¶¨º£¹ØÔÚÊʵ±µÄÖƶȻòʵ¼ùÖвÉÓõ£±£¡£¡±£§1£§ÓÉÓÚ¡¶¾©¶¼¹«Ô¼¡·Ëù¾ßÓеĺ£¹ØÒµÎñµÄ´ú±íÐÔºÍÓ°ÏìÁ¦£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒÊÇ·ñÊÊÓú£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶȲ»½öÊÇÆäÈÏÕæÂÄÐйú¼Ê¹«Ô¼ÒåÎñµÄ±íÏÖ£¬»¹ÊÇÆ亣¹Ø·¨ÂÉÖƶÈÊÇ·ñ·¢´ïµÄÒ»¸öÖØÒª±êÖ¾¡£
¡¡¡¡ÖйúºÍÃÀ¹ú¾ùÔÚ±¾¹úµÄº£¹ØÁ¢·¨Öй涨Óк£¹Øµ£±£Öƶȣ¬µ«ÓëÃÀ¹úÏà±È£¬ÎÒ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶȻ¹Ô¶²»³ÉÊì¡£ËùÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ÎÒ¹úÒѾÒâʶµ½Õâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÕýÔÚ»ý¼«×¼±¸Öƶ¨Ò»²¿Ðµĺ£¹Øµ£±£·¨¹æ¡£Ôڴ˹ý³ÌÖУ¬³ä·Ö½è¼øºÍ²Î¿¼ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶȵÄһЩ¹æ¶¨ºÍ×ö·¨£¬±Ø½«ÓÐÀûÓÚÎÒ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶȵĽøÒ»²½ÍêÉÆ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ò»¡¢ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£ÖƶȵÄʵÌå¹æ¶¨
¡¡¡¡£¨Ò»£©·¨ÂÉÔ¨Ô´ÓëÊÊÓ÷¶Î§
¡¡¡¡ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£µÄ·¨ÂÉÔ¨Ô´Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨Á½¸ö²¿·Ö£ºÒ»ÊÇ¡¶ÃÀ¹ú·¨µä¡·µÚ19¾íµÚ1623¡¡Ìõ¡££§2£§¸ÃÌõ×ܹ²5¿î¡£µÚ1¿î¹æ¶¨ÔÚ·¨ÂÉûÓжԵ£±£»òÆäËü±£Ö¤×÷³ö¾ßÌå¹æ¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬²ÆÕþ²¿³¤¿ÉÒÔÐÐÕþ¹æÕ»ò¾ßÌåÖ¸ÁîµÄÐÎʽ»òÊÚȨº£¹Ø¹ÙÔ±ÒªÇóÌṩµ£±£»òÆäËû±£Ö¤¡£µÚ2¿îÓÉ4Ïî×é³É£¬¹æ¶¨Á˵£±£µÄÌõ¼þÓëÐÎʽ¡£µÚ3¿î¹æ¶¨Á˵£±£µÄÈ¡Ïû¡£µÚ4¿îµÄÄÚÈÝΪµ£±£µÄÓÐЧÐÔ¡£µÚ5¿îÔò²ûÊöÁ˲ÉÓñ£Ö¤½ð»òÃÀ¹úծȯµÄ·½Ê½Ìṩµ£±£µÄÎÊÌâ¡£¶þÊÇ¡¶Áª°îÕþ¸®·¨¹æ»ã±à¡·µÚ19¾íµÚ113²¿·Ö¡£Ëü°üÀ¨×ÜÔò¡¢µ£±£µÄÉêÇëÓëÅú×¼¡¢µ£±£ÊéµÄ¹æ¶¨¡¢µ£±£Õ®ÎñÈËÓëµ£±£ÈË¡¢ÎÄÊéµÄÖÆ×÷¡¢Ëðº¦Åâ³¥½ðµÄÆÀ¹ÀÓ뺣¹Øµ£±£µÄÈ¡ÏûÒÔ¼°º£¹Øµ£±£µÄÌõ¼þµÈ7¸ö·Ö½Ú£¬½ÏΪÏêϸµØ¹æ¶¨Á˺£¹Øµ£±£µÄÕû¸öÁ÷³Ì¡£
¡¡¡¡ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÊÊÓ÷¶Î§°üÀ¨10¡¡ÖÖ£¬·Ö±ðÊÇ£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©½ø¿ÚÈË»ò±¨¹Ø´úÀíÈ˵£±£Óë¹é»¹ÍËË°µ£±££¬Ç°ÕßÊÇÊÊÓÃ×îΪ¹ã·ºµÄÒ»ÖÖµ£±££¬ÊÇÒ»°ã½ø¿ÚÓ뱨¹ØÇé¿öÏ·¢ÉúµÄº£¹Øµ£±£¡£ºóÕßÕë¶ÔµÄÊÇÒò´íÎóÖ§¸¶ÍËË°¶ø·¢ÉúµÄº£¹Øµ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©±£Ë°»õÎï±£¹ÜÈ˵£±££¬Õë¶ÔµÄÊǵ£±£»õÎïµÄ³ÐÔËÈË¡¢×ªÔËÈË¡¢¸÷ÖÖ±£Ë°²Ö¿â±£¹ÜÈË¡¢¼¯×°ÏäÖÐÐÄÕ¾¾ÓªÈ˵ÈÌṩµÄº£¹Øµ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨3£©¹ú¼Ê³ÐÔËÈ˵£±£Óë¹ú¼ÊÔËÊ乤¾ßµ£±££¬Ç°ÕßÊÊÓõĶÔÏóÖ÷ÒªÊÇ´¬²°¡¢³µÁ¾¡¢·É»úµÄ¹ú¼Ê³ÐÔËÈ˼°ÎÞ´¬¹«¹²³ÐÔËÈË¡£ºóÕßÔòÊÊÓÃÓÚÔÚδ¾±¨¹ØÓëÖ§¸¶¹ØË°µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬½ø³öÃÀ¹ú¹Ø¾³µÄ¹ú¼ÊÔËÊ乤¾ßËùÐèÒªÌṩµÄº£¹Øµ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨4£©¶ÔÍâóÒ×Çø¾ÓªÈ˵£±££¬ËüÊDZ»ÊÚȨÐí¿É´ÓʶÔÍâóÒ×Çø¾ÓªµÄÈËËùÌṩµÄº£¹Øµ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨5£©¹«¹²¼ÆÁ¿Ô±µ£±££¬ËüÊÇÄÇЩ¸ºÔð¸ù¾Ýº£¹Ø¹æÕÂÉ趨µÄ±ê×¼Óë³ÌÐò¶Ô×°Ôض¯¡¢Ö²ÎïÓÍÖ¬¡¢Ê¯ÓÍ¡¢Ê¯ÓͲúÆ·¼°»¯Ñ§²úÆ·µÈ½øÐвâÁ¿²¢¼Ó¸ÇÐí¿É±ê¼ÇµÄÈËÔ±¶øÌṩµÄº£¹Øµ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨6£©Ñò뼰Ƥ²Ý²úÆ·±êʶ·¨»õÎïµÄ½ø¿Úµ£±££¬ËüÊǸù¾Ý¡¶1939ÄêÑòë²úÆ·±êʶ·¨¡·¡¢¡¶Æ¤²Ý²úÆ·±êʶ·¨¡·£¬´Óº£¹Ø¼à¹Ü״̬Ï·ÅÐÐÈκÎÑòë»òƤ²Ý²úÆ·ËùÐèÒªÌṩµÄµ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨7£©Ìáµ¥µ£±££¬ÉêÇëÈËÈç¹ûÏ£ÍûÔÚÏòº£¹ØÌá½»Ò»·ÝÕæʵÓÐЧµÄÌᵥ֮ǰ£¬¾Í½«»õÎï´Óº£¹Ø¼à¹Ü״̬ϱ»·ÅÐÐʱ£¬Ó¦ÊÊÓô˵£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨8£©¿ÛÁô°æȨÉÌÆ·µ£±££¬ÉêÇëÈËΪ±£Ö¤ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®¼°Æä¹ÍÔ±¡¢ÉæÏÓÇÖȨÉÌÆ·µÄ½ø¿ÚÉÌ»òËùÓÐÈË£¬ÃâÓÚÒòº£¹Ø¿ÛÁôÐÐΪ¶øÔì³ÉµÄÈκÎËðʧÓëÉ˺¦£¬Ó¦ÊÊÓô˵£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨9£©ÖÐÁ¢µ£±££¬ÉêÇëÈËΪ±£Ö¤ÆäÎäÆ÷×°±¸Óë¾üÐèÆ·Ö®ÀàµÄ»õÎï²»»á±»ÓÃÀ´Õë¶ÔÓëÃÀ¹ú±£³ÖºÍƽ¹ØϵµÄÈκιú¼Ò¡¢ÕþȨ»òÈËËùÊÊÓõĵ£±££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨10£©±»Åж¨ÓÐ×ï»õÎïµÄ·¨Ôº·ÑÓõ£±££¬ËüÊÊÓÃÓÚ±»º£¹Ø²é·âµÄ»õÎïÈç¹û±»·¨ÔºÅж¨ÓÐ×ÉêÇëÈËÓ¦Ö§¸¶ËùÓÐÏà¹Ø·ÑÓöøÌṩµÄµ£±£¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨¶þ£©º£¹Øµ£±£µÄµ£±£ÈË
¡¡¡¡ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£µ£±£ÈË£¨the¡¡surety£©·ÖΪ¸öÈ˵£±£È˺͹«Ë¾µ£±£ÈËÁ½ÖÖ¡£Í¨³£Çé¿öÏ£¬¸öÈ˳äÈε£±£ÈËʱ£¬±ØÐëΪÁ½ÈË£¬³ý·ÇÒ»¸öµ£±£È˾Í×ãÒÔ±£Ö¤¹ØË°µÄÕ÷ÊÕÓë·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æµÄÓÐЧʵʩ¡£µ£±£ÈËÓ¦¾ßÓÐÃÀ¹ú¹«ÃñÉí·Ý£¬ÇÒÔÚÃÀ¹úÓµÓоÓËù¡£ÒÑ»éµÄ¸¾Å®Ò²¿ÉÒÔ³ÉΪ¸öÈ˵£±£ÈË£¬³ý·Çº£¹Øµ£±£½»Ò×ËùÉæ¼°µÄÖݵķ¨ÂÉÃ÷È·½ûÖ¹¡££§3£§Ã¿Ò»¸öµ£±£È˱ØÐëÔÚÅú×¼¸Ãº£¹Øµ£±£µÄ¿Ú°¶º£¹ØµÄϽÇøÄÚÓµÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ²Æ²ú¡£Ò»µ©¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤½ÓÊÜÁËÒ»¸ö¸öÈ˵£±££¬ÆäÌṩµÄ²Æ²ú¼ÛÖµÓ¦µÈÓÚ»ò¸ßÓÚÁ½±¶µÄµ£±£Êý¶î¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚʵ¼ùÖУ¬µ£±£È˶àÓɵ£±£¹«Ë¾³äÈΡ£´Ë´¦µÄµ£±£¹«Ë¾¾ÍÊǹ«Ë¾µ£±£ÈË£¬µ«²¢²»ÊÇÈκε£±£¹«Ë¾¶¼¿ÉÒÔ³ÉΪ¹«Ë¾µ£±£ÈË£¬Ëü»¹±ØÐëÈ¡µÃ²ÆÕþ²¿µÄÊÚȨÐí¿É¡£Ã¿Ò»Ä꣬²ÆÕþ²¿¶¼»áÔÚÁª°îµÇ¼ÇÉϹ«²¼Ò»´Î¡°²ÆÕþ²¿µÚ570ºÅͨ¸æ¡±£¨¡¡Treasury¡¡Department¡¡Circular¡¡570£©¡¡£¬Í¨¸æÉϽ«¿¯µÇ¾¹ýÅú×¼¿ÉÒÔ³äÈε£±£È˵ĵ£±£¹«Ë¾µÄĿ¼£¬Ä¿Â¼ËæʱÒÔͨ¸æµÄ·½Ê½½øÐиüС£
¡¡¡¡£¨Èý£©µ£±£µÄÊý¶î
¡¡¡¡³ý·Ç·¨ÂÉ»ò·¨¹æÁíÓй涨£¬Èκκ£¹Øµ£±£µÄÊý¶î¾ù²»µÃµÍÓÚ100ÃÀÔª¡£ÔÚ¼ÆËãµ£±£Êý¶îʱ£¬1ÃÀÔªÒÔÄÚµÄСÊý²¿·Ö¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔ²»¼Æ¡£Í¨³£Çé¿öÏ£¬³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÊý¶îΪ50£»000ÃÀÔª¡£³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£µÄ×îµÍÊý¶îҪôÊÇ50£»000ÃÀÔª£¬ÒªÃ´ÊÇ´ËÇ°12¸öÔÂËùÖ§¸¶Ë°·Ñ×ܶîµÄ10£¥¡¡£¬ÒÔ´óÕßΪ׼¡£²»ÂÛÄÄÖÖ±ê×¼£¬×îÖÕµÄÊý¶îËÄÉáÎåÈëºó±ØÐëÊÇ1000ÃÀÔªµÄ±¶Êý¡£µ¥Ò»½ø¿Úº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÊý¶îͨ³£²»µÃÉÙÓÚ½ø¿Ú»õÎï¼ÛÖµ¼ÓÉÏËùÓйØË°¡¢Ë°¿îÓë·ÑÓõÄ×ܺ͡£Èç¹ûÕâÅú»õÎïÓÉÆäËüÁª°îÕþ¸®»ú¹¹¹ÜÖÆ»òÊÇÊÜÏÞÖƵĻõÎÔòµ£±£µÄÊý¶î²»µÃµÍÓÚ»õÎï¼ÛÖµµÄÈý±¶¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨ËÄ£©º£¹Øµ£±£Îï
¡¡¡¡Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£ÇãÏòÓÚµ£±£È˵ÄÈ˵ĵ£±££¬ÓÈÆäÊǵ£±£¹«Ë¾µÄµ£±££¬¶øµ£±£¹«Ë¾Í¨³£ÊÇÌṩ±£º¯×÷Ϊº£¹Øµ£±£Îï¡£µ±È»£¬Èç¹û·¨ÂÉ¡¢·¨¹æÃ÷ÎĹ涨£¬»ò²ÆÕþ²¿³¤»òº£¹ØÊ𳤣§4£§ÒÀ·¨ÊÚȨ·¢²¼Ö¸Á¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤Ò²¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÜÏ൱ÓÚµ£±£Êý¶îµÄÃÀ¹ú»õ±Ò¡¢ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®Õ®È¯£¨´¢Ðîծȯ³ýÍ⣩¡¡¡¢ÃÀ¹ú¸ºÕ®Ö¤Ã÷Ê飨United¡¡States¡¡certificates¡¡of¡¡indebtedness£©¡¡¡¢ÖÐÆÚծȯ£¨Treasury¡¡notes£©»ò¹ú¿âȯ£¨Treasury¡¡bills£©µÈ´úÌ溣¹Øµ£±£ÖÐÈ˵ĵ£±£¡£º£¹Øµ£±£µÄÒåÎñÈË£¨º¬µ£±£ÈËÓëµ£±£Õ®ÎñÈË£©Èç¹ûÌṩÁËÉÏÊöµ£±£ÎÃÀ¹ú»õ±Ò³ýÍ⣩×÷ΪÏֽ𵣱££¬¾ÍÓ¦Ïòº£¹ØÌá½»Ò»·ÝÊÊʱִÐеÄÊÚȨίÍÐÊéÓëÐÒ飬ÊÚȨ¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤»òÓйغ£¹Ø¹ÙÔ±ÔÚÆäÎ¥·´µ£±£ÒåÎñʱ£¬È«²¿»ò²¿·Ö³öÊÛÏֽ𵣱£ÎÒÔÃÖ²¹ÒòÆäÎ¥Ô¼ËùÔì³ÉµÄËðʧ¡£Èç¹ûµ£±£ÒåÎñÈËÌṩµÄÊÇÃÀ¹ú»õ±Òʱ£¬¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤»òÓйغ£¹Ø¹ÙÔ±¿ÉÒÔÒÀÆäÊÚȨÔÚÆäÎ¥·´µ£±£ÒåÎñʱֱ½ÓÖ´ÐÐÏÖ½ð£¬ÒÔÃÖ²¹ÒòÆäÎ¥Ô¼ËùÔì³ÉµÄËðʧ¡£
¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£µÄ³ÌÐòÐԹ涨
¡¡¡¡£¨Ò»£©ÉêÇëÓëÅú×¼
¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡ÉêÇë
¡¡¡¡ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£·ÖΪµ¥Ò»½ø¿Úº£¹Øµ£±££¨¡¡single¡¡entry¡¡bond£©ºÍ³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±££¨¡¡continuous¡¡bond£©Á½ÖÖÀàÐÍ¡£Ç°ÕßÕë¶ÔµÄÊǵ¥Ò»½ø¿Ú»õÎïËùÉèÖõĵ£±£¡£ºóÕßͨ³£ÊÊÓÃÓÚÄÇЩÔÚÒ»ÄêÆÚÏÞÄÚ£¬½ø¿Ú±¨¹ØÁ¿¾Þ´ó»òͨ¹ý¼¸¸ö½ø¿Ú¿Ú°¶±¨¹ØµÄ½ø¿ÚÈË¡£¾³£½ø³öÃÀ¹úº£¹Ø¹Ø¾³µÄ¹ú¼Ê³ÐÔËÈË¡¢±£Ë°²Ö¿âµÄ¾ÓªÈËÒ²¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓá£Ò»ÄêµÄÆÚÏÞ½ìÂúºó£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÙÏòº£¹ØÉêÇëÓèÒÔÑÓ³¤¡£¶ÔÓÚµ¥Ò»½ø¿Úº£¹Øµ£±££¬¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤¿ÉÒÔÒªÇó°ìÀíijһ»õÎï½ø¿Úº£¹ØÊÂÎñµÄÈËÌá½»Ò»·ÝÊéÃæÉêÇë¡£ÉêÇë¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÐź¯µÄÐÎʽ£¬²¢Ó¦ÁÐÃ÷ËùÉæ»õÎïµÄ¼ÛÖµÓëÐÔÖÊ¡£Èç¹ûÉêÇëÈËÔÚÌá½»Õýʽ½ø¿ÚÉ걨Îļþ»ò¼òÒ×É걨Îļþʱһ²¢ÌṩÁ˺£¹Øµ£±£Êéʱ£¬»ò²ÉÓÃÕýʽ½ø¿ÚÉ걨Îļþ½ø¿Ú±¨¹Øʱ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ²»ÔÙÌá½»´ËÉêÇë¡£³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÉêÇëÔòÏà¶Ô¸´ÔÓ¡£¡°½ø¿ÚÈË»ò±¨¹Ø´úÀíÈË¡±³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÉêÇ룬ÓÉCBP½ðÈڰ칫ÊÒÏÂϽµÄË°ÊÕ´¦µ£±£×éÊÜÀí£¬¿Ú°¶º£¹ØÄڵĹÙÔ±ÎÞȨ´¦Àí´ËÀàÊÂÎñ¡£³ý´ËÖ®ÍâÆäËû³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÉêÇëÔòÈÔÓÉ¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤ÊÜÀí¡£
¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡Åú×¼
¡¡¡¡³ý¡°½ø¿ÚÉÌ»ò±¨¹Ø´úÀíÈË¡±³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£Í⣬Èç¹ûÉêÇëÈ˵ĺ£¹ØÊÂÎñ·¢ÉúÔÚÒ»¸ö¿Ú°¶£¬¾ÍÓɸÿڰ¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñÅú×¼¡£Èç¹ûÉæ¼°µ½Ò»¸öÒÔÉϵĿڰ¶£¬ÄÇôÆäÖÐÈκÎÒ»¸ö¿Ú°¶µÄº£¹Ø¹Ø³¤¶¼ÓÐȨ×÷³öÊÇ·ñÅú×¼µÄ¾ö¶¨¡£Èç¹ûijÏ¹Øµ£±£ÊÂÎñÇ£Éæµ½ÒòÍËË°²»ÕýÈ·¶øÐèÒªÖØзµ»¹Ê±£¬¾ÍÓÉÍËË°°ì¹«ÊҵĹÙÔ±ÐÐʹ¾ö¶¨È¨¡£
¡¡¡¡¶ÔÌá½»ÉÏÀ´µÄÉêÇ룬¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤¸ºÔð½øÐÐÉó²é£¬ÅжÏÌîдÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·£¬ÌṩµÄµ£±£ÊÇ·ñÄܹ»Æðµ½³ä·ÖµÄ±£ÕÏ¡£ËùÓо¹ýÅú×¼µÄº£¹Øµ£±£ÊéÓ¦¹éµµ±£´æÔÚ¿Ú°¶º£¹Ø°ì¹«ÊÒ£¬³ý·Ç¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÊØ·¨´¦Ö÷ÈζԿڰ¶º£¹Ø¹Ø³¤×÷³öÌرðµÄÊéÃæָʾ¡£´ËÍ⣬°üÀ¨ÓÐÖ§¸¶·¨Í¥ËßËÏ·ÑÓÃÐÒéÄÚÈݵĵ£±£ÊéÓ¦Òƽ»¸øÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®ÂÉʦ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Éæ¼°ÒòÍËË°²»ÕýÈ·¶øÐèÒªÖØзµ»¹µÄº£¹Øµ£±£ÊéÓ¦±£´æÔÚÏà¹ØµÄÍËË°°ì¹«ÊÒ¡£¶ÔÓÚ¡°½ø¿ÚÉÌ»ò±¨¹Ø´úÀíÈË¡±³ÖÐøº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÉêÇ룬˰ÊÕ´¦µ£±£×齫ÔÚÅú×¼Ö®ÈÕÆðµÄ10¸ö¹¤×÷ÈÕÄÚ·¢²¼Õýʽ֪ͨ¡£±ê×¼µÄ³ÌÐòÊǽ«±»Åú×¼µÄº£¹Øµ£±£ÊéµÄ¸±±¾´«ÕæÒ»·Ý¸øµ£±£ÉêÇëÈË£¬²¢¸øÿһ¸öµ£±£Õ®ÎñÈËÓʼÄÒ»·Ý£¬×îºó»¹Ó¦Ïòµ£±£ÈËÌṩһ·Ý¸±±¾¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨¶þ£©º£¹Øµ£±£Êé
¡¡¡¡ÃÀ¹úº£¹Øµ£±£Êé¾ÍÊǵÚ301ºÅº£¹Ø±í¸ñ¡£¸Ã±í¸ñÉÏÓ¦ÁÐÃ÷µ£±£Õ®ÎñÈ˺͵£±£È˵ÄÃû³ÆÓë¾ÓסµØÖ·¡£µ±µ£±£Õ®ÎñÈËÓëµ£±£ÈËͬΪ¹«Ë¾Ê±£¬»¹±ØÐë×¢Ã÷¹«Ë¾µÄÃû³ÆÓëÖ÷ÒªÓªÒµµØµÄµØÖ·¡£µ£±£Õ®ÎñÈËÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ£±£ÊéÖÐÁгöÉ̺ż°·Ç¹«Ë¾·ÖÖ§»ú¹¹µÄÃû³Æ¡£Ôڷǹ«Ë¾ÐÔÖʵĵ£±£Õ®ÎñÈË»òµ£±£ÈËÌṩº£¹Øµ£±£µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬µ£±£ÒåÎñÈ˵ÄÇ©Ãû±ØÐëÓÐÆäËüÁ½ÈË×÷Ö¤£¬²¢ÊðÉϸ÷×ÔµÄÐÕÃûÓëסַ¡£Èç¹ûÕâÁ½ÃûÖ¤ÈËͬʱΪµ£±£Õ®ÎñÈËÓëµ£±£ÈË×÷֤ʱ£¬ÔòÓ¦ÔÚµ£±£ÊéÃ÷È·×¢Ã÷¡°Í¬Ê±¡±£¨as¡¡to¡¡both£©¡¡¡£Ö®ËùÒÔÕâÑùÒªÇó£¬ÊÇΪÁ˼õÉÙµ£±£Êé³ö´íµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûº£¹Øµ£±£ÊÇÓɹ«Ë¾µ£±£Õ®ÎñÈË»ò¹«Ë¾µ£±£ÈËËùÊÚȨµÄÖ÷¹ÜÈËÔ±»ò´úÀíÈËÌṩµÄ»°£¬¾Í²»ÔÙÐèÒªÖ¤ÈË¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚµ£±£ÊéÉúЧ֮ǰ£¬ÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ò»¶¨¸Ä±ä£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬¾ßÌ巽ʽ´æÔÚ×ÅÑϸñµÄÇø±ð¡£¶Ôµ£±£Êé½øÐС°Ð޸ġ±£¨modification£©ÒÔ¼°ÔÚµ£±£ÊéµÄ¡°×ÖÐмäÊéд¡±£¨interlineation£©µÄÁ½ÖÖÐÐΪ½«Òâζ×ŵ£±