north american species of cactus(±±ÃÀÏÉÈËÕÆ)-µÚ6ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
axils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡preceding¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡year£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡later¡¡¡¡ones¡¡
develop¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡axils¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡season¡£The¡¡
specimen¡¡growing¡¡in¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard£»¡¡in¡¡1893¡¡had¡¡3¡¡central¡¡spines£»¡¡one¡¡or¡¡
two¡¡being¡¡hooked¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡19¡£¡¡Cactus¡¡grahami¡¡£¨Engelm¡££©¡¡Kuntze£»¡¡Rev¡£¡¡Gen¡£¡¡Pl¡£¡¡260¡¡£¨1891£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡16¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡17¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mamillaria¡¡grahamiEngelm¡£¡¡Syn¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡262¡¡£¨1856£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Globose¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡length¡¡¡¡¡¡ovate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£5¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡7¡£5¡¡¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡high£»¡¡¡¡¡¡simple¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡branched¡¡
from¡¡the¡¡base¡¡and¡¡even¡¡cespitose£º¡¡tubercles¡¡ovate£»¡¡6¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡dilated¡¡at¡¡
base¡¡£¨corky¡¡and¡¡persistent¡¡when¡¡old£©£»¡¡with¡¡naked¡¡axils£º¡¡radial¡¡spines¡¡15¡¡to¡¡
30¡¡in¡¡a¡¡single¡¡series£»¡¡white£»¡¡often¡¡dusky¡tipped£»¡¡slender¡¡but¡¡rigid£»¡¡naked¡¡or¡¡
puberulent£»¡¡6¡¡to¡¡12¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡the¡¡shorter¡¡ones¡¡uppermost£»¡¡the¡¡longer¡¡ones¡¡
lateral£»¡¡central¡¡spines¡¡1¡¡to¡¡3£»¡¡blackish¡¡from¡¡a¡¡paler¡¡base£»¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡£¨often¡¡
the¡¡only£©¡¡one¡¡stouter¡¡and¡¡longer¡¡£¨6¡¡to¡¡18¡¡mm¡££©£»¡¡hooked¡¡upward£»¡¡the¡¡one¡¡or¡¡
two¡¡upper¡¡ones¡¡£¨when¡¡present£©¡¡shorter¡¡and¡¡slenderer£»¡¡divergent£º¡¡flowers¡¡2¡¡
to¡¡2¡£5¡¡cm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡rose¡colored£º¡¡fruit¡¡2¡¡to¡¡2¡£5¡¡cm¡£¡¡long£º¡¡seeds¡¡0¡£8¡¡to¡¡1¡¡mm¡£¡¡
long£»¡¡black¡¡and¡¡pitted¡££¨Ill¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡Mex¡£¡¡Bound¡£¡¡t¡£¡¡6¡£¡¡figs¡£¡¡1¡8£©Type£»¡¡Wright¡¡
of¡¡1852¡¡and¡¡Bigelow¡¡of¡¡1852¡¡in¡¡Herb¡£¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡rocky¡¡¡¡¡¡places£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡extreme¡¡¡¡¡¡southwestern¡¡¡¡¡¡Texas¡¡
£¨west¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Pecos£©¡¡to¡¡southern¡¡Utah£»¡¡southern¡¡California¡¡£¨common¡¡along¡¡
the¡¡Colorado£©£»¡¡and¡¡Sonora¡£Fl¡£¡¡June¡August¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡examined£º¡¡Texas¡¡£¨Wright¡¡of¡¡1852£»¡¡Newberry¡¡of¡¡1858£»¡¡G¡£¡¡R¡£¡¡
Vasey¡¡of¡¡1881£»¡¡Miller¡¡of¡¡1881£»¡¡Briggs¡¡of¡¡1892£©£º¡¡New¡¡Mexico¡¡£¨Evans¡¡of¡¡
1891£©£º¡¡Arizona¡¡£¨Bigelow¡¡of¡¡1852£»¡¡Schott¡¡of¡¡1858£»¡¡Cous¡¡of¡¡1865£»¡¡Palmer¡¡
of¡¡1869£»¡¡1870£»¡¡Engelmann¡¡of¡¡1880£»¡¡Pringle¡¡of¡¡1884£©£º¡¡Utah¡¡£¨Parry¡¡of¡¡1874£©£º¡¡
Sonora¡¡£¨Schott¡¡of¡¡1853£©£º¡¡also¡¡specimens¡¡cultivated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡
in¡¡1881¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡all¡¡references¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fruit¡¡of¡¡this¡¡species¡¡it¡¡is¡¡described¡¡as¡¡¡¨oval¡¡and¡¡
green£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Ives¡¡¡¡¡¡Report£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡Dr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Engelmann¡¡¡¡¡¡describes¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡
character¡¡as¡¡the¡¡ordinary¡¡fruit¡¡of¡¡Eumamillaria¡£The¡¡immature¡¡fruit¡¡is¡¡¡¨oval¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡green£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡maturity¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡clavate¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡scarlet¡£The¡¡¡¡¡¡Utah¡¡
specimens¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Parry¡¡¡¡¡¡show¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡exceptional¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡30¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡33¡¡
scabrous¡¡radial¡¡spines£»¡¡but¡¡otherwise¡¡they¡¡are¡¡quite¡¡normal¡£M¡£¡¡microcarpa¡¡
Engelm¡££»¡¡Emory's¡¡Rep¡£¡¡156¡£¡¡f¡£¡¡3£»¡¡should¡¡be¡¡dropped¡¡as¡¡a¡¡synonym¡¡of¡¡this¡¡
species£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡as¡¡to¡¡figure¡¡and¡¡description¡£¡¡In¡¡all¡¡probability¡¡C¡£grahami¡¡is¡¡
one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Mexican¡¡C¡£¡¡schelhasii¡¡£¨Pfeiff¡££©¡£Except¡¡that¡¡in¡¡C¡£¡¡
grahami¡¡the¡¡radial¡¡spines¡¡are¡¡apt¡¡to¡¡be¡¡more¡¡numerous¡¡and¡¡longer£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
centrals¡¡much¡¡darker£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡C¡£¡¡schelhasii¡¡the¡¡3¡¡centrals¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡always¡¡
present¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sometimes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡hooked£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡descriptions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suggest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
difference¡£In¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡absence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡authentic¡¡¡¡¡¡specimens¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡latter¡¡¡¡species£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡17¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡18¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
however£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡its¡¡fruit¡¡and¡¡seed¡¡entirely¡¡unknown£»¡¡such¡¡a¡¡reference¡¡of¡¡
C¡£¡¡grahami¡¡must¡¡be¡¡deferred¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡20¡£¡¡Cactus¡¡bocasanus¡¡£¨Poselger£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mamillaria¡¡bocasanaPoselger£»¡¡Gart¡£¡¡Zeit¡£¡¡94¡¡£¨1853£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Depressed¡globose£»¡¡2¡¡to¡¡3¡¡cm¡£¡¡high£º¡¡tubercles¡¡8¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡with¡¡long¡¡
axillary¡¡¡¡wool£º¡¡¡¡¡¡radial¡¡¡¡¡¡spines¡¡¡¡¡¡25¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡30£»¡¡¡¡white¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡capillary£»¡¡¡¡10¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡25¡¡¡¡¡¡mm¡£¡¡
long£»¡¡central¡¡spines¡¡2¡¡to¡¡4£»¡¡slender¡¡and¡¡naked¡¡£¨or¡¡slightly¡¡puberulent£©£»¡¡the¡¡
most¡¡central¡¡one¡¡hooked¡¡£¨usually¡¡upwards£©£»¡¡15¡¡to¡¡25¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡
1¡¡to¡¡3¡¡shorter¡¡and¡¡straight£»¡¡all¡¡yellow¡¡with¡¡red¡¡tips£»¡¡the¡¡hooked¡¡one¡¡often¡¡
brownish¡red¡¡¡¡¡¡nearly¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡base£º¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers¡¡¡¡¡¡unknown£º¡¡¡¡¡¡fruit¡¡¡¡¡¡green£»¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡
mm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡long£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seeds¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cinnamon¡brown£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡oblique£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡broadly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡obovate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
narrowly¡¡ovate¡¡basal¡¡hilum¡£Type¡¡unknown¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡San¡¡Luis¡¡Potosi£»¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡known¡£Poselger¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨Texas£»¡¡auf¡¡der¡¡Seira¡¡
de¡¡Bocas£»¡¡among¡¡rocks£»¡¨¡¡which¡¡station¡¡we¡¡have¡¡been¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡locate¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡examined£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡San¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Luis¡¡¡¡¡¡Potosi¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Eschanzier¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡1891£©£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡
specimens¡¡¡¡¡¡cultivated¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Hort¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Pfersdorff¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1869£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Mo¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Bot¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Gard¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
1891£»¡¡also¡¡growing¡¡in¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡1893¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡capillary¡¡¡¡¡¡radials¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡plant¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡white¡woolly¡¡¡¡¡¡appearance¡£The¡¡
younger¡¡spines¡¡at¡¡the¡¡vertex¡¡are¡¡erect¡¡and¡¡tufted¡£It¡¡resembles¡¡C¡£¡¡grahami£»¡¡
but¡¡the¡¡tubercles¡¡are¡¡much¡¡more¡¡slender¡¡and¡¡not¡¡thickened¡¡at¡¡base£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡
spines¡¡are¡¡more¡¡slender£»¡¡the¡¡central¡¡hooked¡¡one¡¡is¡¡more¡¡reddish£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
fruit¡¡is¡¡much¡¡shorter¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡21¡£¡¡Cactus¡¡eschanzieri£»¡¡sp¡£¡¡nov¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Depressed¡globose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡¡¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡diameter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡simple£º¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡¡¡¡¡broader¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡
base£»¡¡6¡¡to¡¡8¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡with¡¡naked¡¡axils£º¡¡spines¡¡all¡¡pubescent£»¡¡radials¡¡15¡¡to¡¡
20£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡dusky¡¡¡¡¡¡tips£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lateral¡¡¡¡¡¡10¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡12¡¡¡¡¡¡mm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡long£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lower¡¡¡¡¡¡weaker£»¡¡
shorter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡curved£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡upper¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shorter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡solitary¡¡¡¡¡¡central¡¡¡¡¡¡spine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reddish£»¡¡
slender£»¡¡somewhat¡¡twisted£»¡¡usually¡¡hooked¡¡upwards£»¡¡15¡¡to¡¡25¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£º¡¡
flowers¡¡red¡¡£¨£¿£©£º¡¡fruit¡¡reddish¡¡£¨£¿£©£»¡¡ovate£»¡¡about¡¡10¡¡mm£»¡¡long£º¡¡seeds¡¡reddish£»¡¡
oblique¡obovate£»¡¡1¡£2¡¡mm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡pitted£»¡¡with¡¡subventral¡¡hilum¡£Type¡¡in¡¡Herb¡£¡¡
Coulter¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡San¡¡Luis¡¡Potosi¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡examined£º¡¡San¡¡Luis¡¡Potosi¡¡£¨Eschanzier¡¡of¡¡1891£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Resembles¡¡¡¡¡¡C¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡grahami£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡fewer¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡slender¡¡¡¡¡¡pubescent¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡18¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡19¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
spines£»¡¡longer¡¡and¡¡less¡¡rigid¡¡central£»¡¡more¡¡exserted¡¡fruit£»¡¡and¡¡much¡¡larger¡¡
reddish¡¡and¡¡strongly¡¡pitted¡¡seeds¡¡with¡¡subventral¡¡hilum¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡22¡£¡¡Cactus¡¡tetrancistrus¡¡£¨Engelm¡££©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mamillaria¡¡¡¡¡¡tetrancistraEngelm¡£¡¡Am¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Jour¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Sci¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡II¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡xiv¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡337¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1852£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
part¡£Mamillaria¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡phellospermaEngelm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Syn¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cact¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡262¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1856£©¡£Cactus¡¡
pellospermusKuntze£»¡¡Rev¡£¡¡Gen¡£¡¡Pl¡£¡¡261¡¡£¨1891£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ovate¡¡or¡¡ovate¡cylindrical£»¡¡5¡¡to¡¡25¡¡cm¡£¡¡high£»¡¡3¡£5¡¡to¡¡7¡£5¡¡cm¡£¡¡in¡¡diameter£»¡¡
simple¡¡or¡¡rarely¡¡branching¡¡at¡¡base£º¡¡tubercles¡¡ovate¡cylindrical£»¡¡8¡¡to¡¡14¡¡mm¡£¡¡
long£»¡¡with¡¡axillary¡¡bristle¡bearing¡¡wool£»¡¡at¡¡length¡¡naked£º¡¡radial¡¡spines¡¡30¡¡
to¡¡60£»¡¡in¡¡two¡¡series£»¡¡the¡¡exterior¡¡bristle¡like£»¡¡shorter¡¡and¡¡white£»¡¡the¡¡interior¡¡
stouter£»¡¡longer¡¡and¡¡dusky¡tipped¡¡or¡¡purplish£»¡¡central¡¡spines¡¡3¡¡or¡¡4£»¡¡stouter£»¡¡
longer£»¡¡brown¡¡or¡¡blackish¡¡from¡¡a¡¡paler¡¡base£»¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡2¡¡or¡¡3¡¡£¨10¡¡to¡¡14¡¡mm¡£¡¡
long£©¡¡¡¡¡¡straight£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡hooked£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lower¡¡¡¡¡¡stouter¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
longer¡¡£¨12¡¡to¡¡18¡¡mm¡££©£»¡¡hooked¡¡upwards£º¡¡flowers¡¡about¡¡2¡£5¡¡cm¡£¡¡long£º¡¡fruit¡¡
1¡¡to¡¡2¡£5¡¡cm¡£¡¡long£º¡¡seeds¡¡large¡¡£¨1¡£2¡¡to¡¡1¡£5¡¡mm¡£¡¡in¡¡diameter£©£»¡¡globose¡¡and¡¡
wrinkled£»¡¡partly¡¡immersed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡brown¡¡spongy¡¡or¡¡corky¡¡cup¡shaped¡¡3¡lobed¡¡
appendage¡£¡¡£¨Ill¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡Mex¡£¡¡Bound¡£¡¡t¡£¡¡7£©Type£»¡¡Parry¡¡of¡¡1850£»¡¡but¡¡modified¡¡
by¡¡Le¡¡Conte¡¡14¡¡and¡¡Bigelow¡¡of¡¡1854£»¡¡all¡¡in¡¡Herb¡£¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Gravelly¡¡soil¡¡and¡¡sandy¡¡stream¡banks£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡eastern¡¡slopes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
mountains¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡southern¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡California£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡throughout¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡western¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Arizona¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
southern¡¡¡¡¡¡Nevada¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡southern¡¡¡¡¡¡Utah£»¡¡¡¡¡¡referred¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨N¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Mexico¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
Hemsley¡¡£¨Biol¡£¡¡Centr¡£¡Amer¡££©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡¡¡¡¡examined£º¡¡¡¡¡¡California¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Parry¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1850£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Newberry¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1858£»¡¡
Parish¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1882£©£º¡¡Arizona¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Le¡¡¡¡¡¡Conte¡¡¡¡¡¡14£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Bigelow¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1854£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Dr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Loew¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
1875£º¡¡also¡¡Palmer¡¡of¡¡1870£»¡¡but¡¡with¡¡no¡¡locality¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡original¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡description¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡species¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡confounded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡C¡£¡¡
grahami£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡grows¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡resembles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡
together¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡¡¡¡¡central¡¡¡¡¡¡hooked¡¡¡¡¡¡spines¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡seldom¡¡¡¡¡¡found£»¡¡
induced¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Engelmann¡¡£¨Syn¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡262£©¡¡to¡¡propose¡¡the¡¡more¡¡appropriate¡¡
but¡¡¡¡¡¡untenable¡¡¡¡¡¡