theologico-political treatise p2(神学与政治专题研究2)-第29章
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A Theologico…Political Treatise Part 2
Zerubbabel； to whom Cyrus gave the principality of Judaea； was thirteen
or fourteen years old。 （5） But we need not carry the inquiry so far： we need
only read attentively the chapter of 1 Chron。； already quoted； where （v。 17；
sqq。） mention is made of all the posterity of Jeconiah； and compare it with
the Septuagint version to see clearly that these books were not published；
till after Maccabaeus had restored the Temple； the sceptre no longer
belonging to the house of Jeconiah。
Endnote 20。 （1） 〃Zedekiah should be taken to Babylon。〃 （2） No one
could then have suspected that the prophecy of Ezekiel contradicted that
of Jeremiah； but the suspicion occurs to everyone who reads the narrative
of Josephus。 （3） The event proved that both prophets were in the right。
Endnote 21。 （1） 〃And who wrote Nehemiah。〃 （2） That the greater part
of the book of Nehemiah was taken from the work composed by the
prophet Nehemiah himself； follows from the testimony of its author。 （See
chap。 i。）。 （3） But it is obvious that the whole of the passage contained
between chap。 viii。 and chap。 xii。 verse 26； together with the two last
verses of chap。 xii。； which form a sort of parenthesis to Nehemiah's words；
were added by the historian himself； who outlived Nehemiah。
Endnote 22。 （1） 〃I suppose no one thinks〃 that Ezra was the uncle of
the first high priest ； named Joshua （see Ezra vii。； and 1 Chron。 vi：14）； and
went to Jerusalem from Babylon with Zerubbabel （see Nehemiah xii：1）。 （2）
But it appears that when he saw； that the Jews were in a state of anarchy；
he returned to Babylon； as also did others （Nehem。 i；2）； and remained
there till the reign of Artaxerxes； when his requests were granted and he
went a second tim to Jerusalem。 （3） Nehemiah also went to Jerusalem with
Zerubbabel in the time of Cyrus （Ezra ii：2 and 63； cf。 x：9； and Nehemiah
x：1）。 （4） The version given of the Hebrew word； translated 〃ambassador；〃
is not supported by any authority； while it is certain that fresh names were
given to those Jews who frequented the court。 （5） Thus Daniel was named
Balteshazzar； and Zerubbabel Sheshbazzar （Dan。 i：7）。 （6） Nehemiah was
called Atirsata； while in virtue of his office he was styled governor； or
president。 （Nehem。 v。 24； xii：26。）
Endnote 23。 （1） 〃Before the time of the Maccabees there was no canon
of sacred books。〃 （2） The synagogue styled 〃the great〃 did not begin
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before the subjugation of Asia by the Macedonians。 （3） The contention of
Maimonides； Rabbi Abraham； Ben…David； and others； that the presidents
of this synagogue were Ezra； Daniel； Nehemiah； Haggai； Zechariah； &c。；
is a pure fiction； resting only on rabbinical tradition。 （4） Indeed they assert
that the dominion of the Persians only lasted thirty…four years； and this is
their chief reason for maintaining that the decrees of the 〃great
synagogue；〃 or synod （rejected by the Sadducees； but accepted by the
Pharisees） were ratified by the prophets； who received them from former
prophets； and so in direct succession from Moses； who received them from
God Himself。 （5） Such is the doctrine which the Pharisees maintain with
their wonted obstinacy。 （6） Enlightened persons； however； who know the
reasons for the convoking of councils； or synods； and are no strangers to
the differences between Pharisees and Sadducees； can easily divine the
causes which led to the assembling of this great synagogue。 （7） It is very
certain that no prophet was there present； and that the decrees of the
Pharisees； which they style their traditions； derive all their authority from
it。
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