±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > theologico-political treatise p2(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿2) >

µÚ22ÕÂ

theologico-political treatise p2(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿2)-µÚ22ÕÂ


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




walled¡¡city£»¡¨¡¡but¡¡the¡¡margin¡¡has¡¡it£»¡¡¡¨which¡¡is¡¡in¡¡a¡¡walled¡¡city¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨87£©¡¡Though¡¡these¡¡matters¡¡are¡¡self¡­evident£»¡¡£§Endnore¡¡6£§£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡necessary£»¡¡

to¡¡answer¡¡the¡¡reasonings¡¡of¡¡certain¡¡Pharisees£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡they¡¡endeavour¡¡to¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡61¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡62¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡Part¡¡2¡¡



convince¡¡us¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡marginal¡¡notes¡¡serve¡¡to¡¡indicate¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡mystery£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡added¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡pointed¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡writers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sacred¡¡¡¡¡¡books¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨88£©¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

first¡¡of¡¡these¡¡reasons£»¡¡which£»¡¡in¡¡my£»¡¡opinion£»¡¡carries¡¡little¡¡weight£»¡¡is¡¡taken¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡reading¡¡the¡¡Scriptures¡¡aloud¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨89£©¡¡If£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡urged£»¡¡these¡¡notes¡¡were¡¡added¡¡to¡¡show¡¡various¡¡readings¡¡

which¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡decided¡¡upon¡¡by¡¡posterity£»¡¡why¡¡has¡¡custom¡¡prevailed¡¡

that¡¡the¡¡¡¡marginal¡¡¡¡¡¡readings¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡retained£¿¡¡£¨90£©¡¡Why¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

meaning¡¡which¡¡is¡¡preferred¡¡been¡¡set¡¡down¡¡in¡¡the¡¡margin¡¡when¡¡it¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡

have¡¡been¡¡incorporated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡text£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡relegated¡¡to¡¡a¡¡side¡¡note£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨91£©¡¡The¡¡second¡¡reason¡¡is¡¡more¡¡specious£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡taken¡¡from¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨92£©¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡admitted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡faults¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡crept¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sacred¡¡

writings¡¡by¡¡chance¡¡and¡¡not¡¡by¡¡design£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡say¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡five¡¡books¡¡

the¡¡word¡¡for¡¡a¡¡girl¡¡is£»¡¡with¡¡one¡¡exception£»¡¡written¡¡without¡¡the¡¡letter¡¡¡¨he£»¡¨¡¡

contrary¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡grammatical¡¡¡¡¡¡rules£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whereas¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡margin¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡written¡¡

correctly¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡rule¡¡of¡¡grammar¡£¡¡£¨93£©¡¡Can¡¡this¡¡have¡¡

happened¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡mistake£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡Is¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡imagine¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡clerical¡¡¡¡¡¡error¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

been¡¡¡¡¡¡committed¡¡¡¡¡¡every£»¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡word¡¡¡¡¡¡occurs£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨94£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Moreover£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡

have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡easy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡supply¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡emendation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨95£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Hence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡

readings¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡accidental¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡corrections¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡manifest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mistakes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡

supposed¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡been¡¡set¡¡down¡¡on¡¡purpose¡¡¡¡by¡¡the¡¡original¡¡

writers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡meaning¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨96£©¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡easy¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡

arguments£»¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡custom¡¡having¡¡prevailed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡reading¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡marginal¡¡versions£»¡¡I¡¡will¡¡not¡¡spare¡¡much¡¡time¡¡for¡¡its¡¡consideration£º¡¡I¡¡

know¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡promptings¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡superstition£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡practice¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡

have¡¡arisen¡¡from¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡that¡¡both¡¡readings¡¡were¡¡deemed¡¡equally¡¡good¡¡or¡¡

tolerable£»¡¡and¡¡therefore£»¡¡lest¡¡either¡¡should¡¡be¡¡neglected£»¡¡one¡¡was¡¡appointed¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡written£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨97£©¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡feared¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡pronounce¡¡

judgment¡¡in¡¡so¡¡weighty¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡lest¡¡they¡¡should¡¡mistake¡¡the¡¡false¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

true£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡preference¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡neither£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡

necessarily¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡done¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡commanded¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨98£©¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡especially¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡marginal¡¡

readings¡¡were¡¡not¡¡written¡¡down¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sacred¡¡books£º¡¡or¡¡the¡¡custom¡¡¡¡may¡¡

have¡¡¡¡¡¡originated¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡rightly¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

desired¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡otherwise¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡marginal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡version£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡62¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡63¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡Part¡¡2¡¡



therefore¡¡the¡¡general¡¡rule¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡marginal¡¡version¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

followed¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡reading¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Scriptures¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨99£©¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡cause¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡induced¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

scribes¡¡to¡¡expressly¡¡prescribe¡¡certain¡¡passages¡¡to¡¡be¡¡read¡¡in¡¡the¡¡marginal¡¡

version£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡touch¡¡¡¡¡¡on£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡marginal¡¡¡¡¡¡notes¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡

readings£»¡¡but¡¡some¡¡mark¡¡expressions¡¡which¡¡have¡¡passed¡¡out¡¡of¡¡common¡¡

use£»¡¡obsolete¡¡words¡¡and¡¡terms¡¡which¡¡current¡¡decency¡¡did¡¡not¡¡allow¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

read¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡assembly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨100£©¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡writers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡evil¡¡

intention£»¡¡employed¡¡no¡¡courtly¡¡paraphrase£»¡¡but¡¡called¡¡things¡¡by¡¡their¡¡plain¡¡

names¡£¡¡£¨101£©¡¡Afterwards£»¡¡through¡¡the¡¡spread¡¡of¡¡evil¡¡thoughts¡¡and¡¡luxury£»¡¡

words¡¡which¡¡could¡¡be¡¡used¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡the¡¡ancients¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡offence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

considered¡¡obscene¡£¡¡£¨102£©¡¡There¡¡was¡¡no¡¡need¡¡for¡¡this¡¡cause¡¡to¡¡change¡¡the¡¡

text¡¡of¡¡Scripture¡£¡¡£¨103£©¡¡Still£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡concession¡¡to¡¡the¡¡popular¡¡weakness£»¡¡it¡¡

became¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡custom¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡substitute¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡decent¡¡¡¡¡¡terms¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡¡denoting¡¡

sexual¡¡intercourse£»¡¡exereta£»¡¡&c¡££»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡read¡¡them¡¡as¡¡they¡¡were¡¡given¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡margin¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨104£©¡¡At¡¡any¡¡rate£»¡¡whatever¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡

reading¡¡¡¡¡¡Scripture¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡marginal¡¡¡¡¡¡version£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

true¡¡interpretation¡¡is¡¡contained¡¡therein¡£¡¡£¨105£©¡¡For¡¡besides¡¡that£»¡¡the¡¡Rabbins¡¡

in¡¡the¡¡Talmud¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡differ¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Massoretes£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡readings¡¡

which¡¡they¡¡approve¡¡of£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡will¡¡shortly¡¡show£»¡¡certain¡¡things¡¡are¡¡found¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡margin¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appear¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡warranted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡uses¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Hebrew¡¡

language¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨106£©¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡¡¡¡¡¡Samuel¡¡¡¡¡¡xiv£º22£»¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡read£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨In¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

king¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hath¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fulfilled¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡request¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡servant£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡construction¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡plainly¡¡

regular£»¡¡and¡¡agreeing¡¡with¡¡that¡¡in¡¡chap¡£¡¡xvi¡£¡¡£¨107£©¡¡But¡¡the¡¡margin¡¡has¡¡it¡¡¡¨of¡¡

thy¡¡servant£»¡¨¡¡which¡¡does¡¡not¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡the¡¡person¡¡of¡¡the¡¡verb¡£¡¡£¨108£©¡¡So£»¡¡

too£»¡¡chap¡£¡¡xvi£º25¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡book£»¡¡we¡¡find£»¡¡¡¨As¡¡if¡¡one¡¡had¡¡inquired¡¡at¡¡the¡¡

oracle¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¨¡¡the¡¡margin¡¡adding¡¡¡¨someone¡¨¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡as¡¡a¡¡nominative¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡verb¡£¡¡£¨109£©¡¡But¡¡the¡¡correction¡¡is¡¡not¡¡apparently¡¡warranted£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡

common¡¡practice£»¡¡well¡¡known¡¡to¡¡grammarians¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Hebrew¡¡language£»¡¡to¡¡

use¡¡the¡¡third¡¡person¡¡singular¡¡of¡¡the¡¡active¡¡verb¡¡impersonally¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨110£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡second¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡argument¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡advanced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Pharisees¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡¡

answered¡¡from¡¡what¡¡has¡¡just¡¡been¡¡said£»¡¡namely£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡scribes¡¡besides¡¡the¡¡

various¡¡readings¡¡called¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡obsolete¡¡words¡£¡¡£¨111£©¡¡For¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡

doubt¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Hebrew¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡languages£»¡¡¡¡¡¡changes¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡63¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡64¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡Part¡¡2¡¡



words¡¡obsolete¡¡and¡¡antiquated£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡were¡¡found¡¡by¡¡the¡¡later¡¡scribes¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡sacred¡¡¡¡¡¡books¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡noted¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡books¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡

publicly¡¡read¡¡according¡¡to¡¡custom¡£¡¡£¨112£©¡¡For¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡the¡¡word¡¡nahgar¡¡

is¡¡always¡¡found¡¡marked¡¡because¡¡its¡¡gender¡¡was¡¡originally¡¡common£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡

had¡¡the¡¡same¡¡meaning¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡juvenis¡¡£¨a¡¡young¡¡person£©¡£¡¡£¨113£©¡¡So¡¡also¡¡

the¡¡Hebrew¡¡capital¡¡was¡¡anciently¡¡called¡¡Jerusalem£»¡¡not¡¡Jerusalaim¡£¡¡£¨114£©¡¡

As¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pronouns¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡herself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡later¡¡¡¡scribes¡¡

changed¡¡¡¡¡¡vau¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡jod¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨a¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡frequent¡¡¡¡¡¡change¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hebrew£©¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡

wished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡express¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡feminine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gender£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ancients¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡

distinguished¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡genders¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡change¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡vowels¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨115£©¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡

remark¡¡that¡¡the¡¡irregular¡¡tenses¡¡of¡¡certain¡¡verbs¡¡differ¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡and¡¡

modern¡¡forms£»¡¡it¡¡being¡¡formerly¡¡considered¡¡a¡¡mark¡¡of¡¡elegance¡¡to¡¡employ¡¡

certain¡¡letters¡¡agreeable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ear¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨116£©¡¡In¡¡a¡¡word£»¡¡I¡¡could¡¡easily¡¡multiply¡¡proofs¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡if¡¡I¡¡were¡¡

not¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡abusing¡¡the¡¡patience¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reader¡£¡¡£¨117£©¡¡Perhaps¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡

asked¡¡how¡¡I¡¡became¡¡acquainted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡all¡¡these¡¡expressions¡¡are¡¡

obsolete¡£¡¡£¨118£©¡¡I¡¡reply¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡found¡¡them¡¡in¡¡the¡¡most¡¡ancient¡¡Hebrew¡¡

writers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Bible¡¡¡¡¡¡itself£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡imitated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

subsequent¡¡authors£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡they¡¡are¡¡recognized¡¡as¡¡antiquated£»¡¡though¡¡the¡¡

language¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡occur¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡dead¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨119£©¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡someone¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡

press¡¡the¡¡question¡¡why£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡be¡¡true£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡say£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡marginal¡¡notes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

Bible¡¡¡¡¡¡generally¡¡¡¡¡¡mark¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡¡¡¡¡readings£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡

re

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ