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第19章

theologico-political treatise p2(神学与政治专题研究2)-第19章


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unless; indeed; anyone would dream that in this; too; there lurks a mystery。 

(8) Further; the last chapter of 2 Kings 27…30 is repeated in the last chapter 

of Jeremiah; v。31…34。 

     (9)   Again;   we   find   2   Sam。   vii。   repeated   in   I   Chron。   xvii。;   but   the 

expressions in the two passages are so curiously varied 'Endnote 12'; that 

we    can   very   easily   see  that  these  two   chapters    were   taken   from   two 



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different versions of the history of Nathan。 

     (10)    Lastly;    the  genealogy      of   the   kings    of  Idumaea      contained     in 

Genesis xxxvi:31; is repeated in the same words in 1 Chron。 i。; though we 

know   that   the   author   of   the   latter   work   took   his   materials   from   other 

historians; not from the twelve books we have ascribed to Ezra。 (10) We 

may     therefore     be   sure   that  if  we    still  possessed     the   writings    of   the 

historians; the matter would be made clear; however; as we have lost them; 

we   can   only   examine   the   writings   still   extant;   and   from   their   order   and 

connection; their various repetitions; and; lastly; the contradictions in dates 

which they contain; judge of the rest。 

     (11) These; then; or the chief of them; we will now go through。 (12) 

First;   in   the   story   of   Judah   and   Tamar   (Gen。   xxxviii。)   the   historian   thus 

begins: 〃And it came to pass at that time that Judah went down from his 

brethren。〃      (13)   This   time    cannot    refer   to  what    immediately       precedes 

'Endnote 13'; but   must necessarily refer   to something else;   for from  the 

time   when   Joseph   was   sold   into   Egypt   to   the   time   when   the   patriarch 

Jacob; with all his family; set out thither; cannot be reckoned as more than 

twenty…two   years;   for   Joseph;   when   he   was   sold   by   his   brethren;   was 

seventeen years old; and when he was summoned by Pharaoh from prison 

was thirty; if to this we add the seven years of plenty and two of famine; 

the total amounts to twenty…two years。 (14) Now; in so short a period; no 

one can suppose that so many things happened as are described; that Judah 

had three children; one after the other; from one wife; whom he married at 

the   beginning   of   the   period;   that   the   eldest   of   these;   when   he   was   old 

enough; married Tamar; and that after he died his next brother succeeded 

to her; that; after all this; Judah; without knowing it; had intercourse with 

his   daughter…in…law;   and   that   she   bore   him   twins;   and;   finally;   that   the 

eldest of these twins became a father within the aforesaid period。 (15) As 

all these   events   cannot   have taken   place   within   the period   mentioned   in 

Genesis;   the   reference   must   necessarily   be   to   something   treated   of           in 

another     book:    and    Ezra   in   this  instance    simply   related     the  story;   and 

inserted it without examination among his other writings。 

     (16) However; not only this chapter but the whole narrative of Joseph 

and Jacob is collected and set forth from various histories; inasmuch as it 



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is   quite   inconsistent   with   itself。   (17)   For   in   Gen。   xlvii。   we   are   told   that 

Jacob; when he came at Joseph's bidding to salute Pharaoh; was 130 years 

old。   (18)   If   from   this   we   deduct   the   twenty…two   years   which   he   passed 

sorrowing   for   the   absence   of   Joseph   and   the   seventeen   years   forming 

Joseph's   age   when   he   was   sold;   and;   lastly;   the   seven   years   for   which 

Jacob served for Rachel; we find that he was very advanced in life; namely; 

eighty four; when he took Leah to wife; whereas Dinah was scarcely seven 

years old when she was violated by Shechem; 'Endnote 14'。 (19) Simeon 

and Levi were aged respectively eleven and twelve when they spoiled the 

city and slew all the males therein with the sword。 

     (20) There is no need that I should go through the whole Pentateuch。 

(21)   If   anyone   pays   attention   to   the   way   in   which   all   the   histories   and 

precepts in these five books are set down promiscuously and without order; 

with no regard for dates; and further; how the same story is often repeated; 

sometimes in a different version; he will easily; I say; discern that all the 

materials were promiscuously collected and heaped together; in order that 

they    might     at  some    subsequent      time    be   more    readily    examined      and 

reduced to   order。 (22)   Not only  these five   books; but   also the  narratives 

contained in the remaining seven; going down to the destruction of the city; 

are compiled in the same way。 (23) For who does not see that in Judges 

ii:6 a new historian is being quoted; who had also written of the deeds of 

Joshua; and that his words are simply copied? (24) For after our historian 

has stated in the last chapter of the book of Joshua that Joshua died and 

was buried; and has promised; in the first chapter of Judges; to relate what 

happened after his death; in what way; if he wished to continue the thread 

of his history; could he connect the statement here made about Joshua with 

what had gone before? 

     (25)   So;   too;   1   Sam。   17;   18;   are   taken   from   another   historian;   who 

assigns   a   cause   for   David's   first   frequenting   Saul's   court   very   different 

from that given in chap。 xvi。 of the same book。 (26) For he did not think 

that David came to Saul in consequence of the advice of Saul's servants; as 

is narrated in chap。 xvi。; but that being sent by chance to the camp by his 

father on a message to his brothers; he was for the first time remarked by 

Saul on the occasion of his victory; over Goliath the Philistine; and   was 



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retained at his court。 

      (27) I suspect the same thing has taken place in chap。 xxvi。 of the same 

book; for the historian there seems to repeat the narrative given in chap。 

xxiv。 according to another man's version。 (28) But I pass over this; and go 

on to the computation of dates。 

      (29) In I Kings; chap。 vi。; it is said that Solomon built the Temple in 

the four hundred and eightieth year after the exodus from Egypt; but from 

the       historians        themselves           we      get      a    much        longer        period;       for: 

Years。 Moses governed the people in the desert 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 40 

Joshua;        who       lived     110     years;      did     not;    according         to    Josephus        and 

others'   opinion   rule   more   than   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。   。。   。   。   。   。   26   Cusban 

Rishathaim held the people in subjection 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。                              8 Othniel; son 

of Kenag; was judge for 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 'Endnote 15' 40 Eglon; King of 

Moab; governed the people 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。                         18 Ehucl and Shamgar 

were judges 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 80 Jachin; King of Canaan; held the 

people in subjection 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 20 The people was at peace subsequently 

for      。  。   。  。   。。   。  。   。  。   。   。  。   。  。   。   40    It   was      under      subjection         to 

Median 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 7 It obtained freedom under Gideon 

for     。   。  。  。   。    。   。  。   。  。   。  。  。   。  。  。   。  40     It  fell    under      the    rule     of 

Abimelech 

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