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massacres of the south-µÚ60ÕÂ

С˵£º massacres of the south ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

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proclaimed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡city¡¡without¡¡any¡¡disturbance¡¡being¡¡caused¡¡thereby¡£
It¡¡was¡¡not¡¡until¡¡some¡¡days¡¡later¡¡that¡¡a¡¡report¡¡began¡¡to¡¡be¡¡circulated
that¡¡a¡¡royal¡¡army¡¡was¡¡gathering¡¡at¡¡Beaucaire£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡populace
would¡¡take¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡its¡¡arrival¡¡to¡¡indulge¡¡in¡¡excesses¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the
face¡¡of¡¡this¡¡two¡­fold¡¡danger£»¡¡General¡¡Malmont¡¡had¡¡ordered¡¡the¡¡regular
troops£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡National¡¡Guard¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hundred¡¡Days£»¡¡to¡¡be
drawn¡¡up¡¡under¡¡arms¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡barracks¡¡upon¡¡an¡¡eminence¡¡on
which¡¡he¡¡had¡¡mounted¡¡five¡¡pieces¡¡of¡¡ordnance¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡disposition¡¡was
maintained¡¡for¡¡two¡¡days¡¡and¡¡a¡¡night£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡the¡¡populace¡¡remained
quiet£»¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡the¡¡barracks¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Guards¡¡to¡¡their
homes¡£

But¡¡on¡¡Monday¡¡a¡¡concourse¡¡of¡¡people£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡heard¡¡that¡¡the¡¡army¡¡from
Beaucaire¡¡would¡¡arrive¡¡the¡¡next¡¡day£»¡¡made¡¡a¡¡hostile¡¡demonstration
before¡¡the¡¡barracks£»¡¡demanding¡¡with¡¡shouts¡¡and¡¡threats¡¡that¡¡the¡¡five
cannons¡¡should¡¡be¡¡handed¡¡over¡¡to¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡general¡¡and¡¡the¡¡officers
who¡¡were¡¡quartered¡¡in¡¡the¡¡town£»¡¡hearing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tumult£»¡¡repaired¡¡at
once¡¡to¡¡the¡¡barracks£»¡¡but¡¡soon¡¡came¡¡out¡¡again£»¡¡and¡¡approaching¡¡the
crowd¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡persuade¡¡it¡¡to¡¡disperse£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡only¡¡answer¡¡they
received¡¡was¡¡a¡¡shower¡¡of¡¡bullets¡£¡¡¡¡Convinced¡¡by¡¡this£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡was¡¡well
acquainted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡character¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡with¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡had¡¡to¡¡deal£»
that¡¡the¡¡struggle¡¡had¡¡begun¡¡in¡¡earnest¡¡and¡¡must¡¡be¡¡fought¡¡out¡¡to¡¡the
bitter¡¡end£»¡¡the¡¡general¡¡retreated¡¡with¡¡his¡¡officers£»¡¡step¡¡by¡¡step£»¡¡to
the¡¡barracks£»¡¡and¡¡having¡¡got¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡gates£»¡¡closed¡¡and¡¡bolted
them¡£

He¡¡then¡¡decided¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡his¡¡duty¡¡to¡¡repulse¡¡force¡¡by¡¡force£»¡¡for
everyone¡¡was¡¡determined¡¡to¡¡defend£»¡¡at¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡cost£»¡¡a¡¡position
which£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡first¡¡moment¡¡of¡¡revolt£»¡¡was¡¡fraught¡¡with¡¡such¡¡peril¡£
So£»¡¡without¡¡waiting¡¡for¡¡orders£»¡¡the¡¡soldiers£»¡¡seeing¡¡that¡¡some¡¡of
their¡¡windows¡¡had¡¡been¡¡broken¡¡by¡¡shots¡¡from¡¡without£»¡¡returned¡¡the
fire£»¡¡and£»¡¡being¡¡better¡¡marksmen¡¡than¡¡the¡¡townspeople£»¡¡soon¡¡laid¡¡many
low¡£¡¡¡¡Upon¡¡this¡¡the¡¡alarmed¡¡crowd¡¡retired¡¡out¡¡of¡¡musket¡¡range£»¡¡and
entrenched¡¡themselves¡¡in¡¡some¡¡neighbouring¡¡houses¡£

About¡¡nine¡¡o'clock¡¡in¡¡the¡¡evening£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡bearing¡¡something¡¡resembling
a¡¡white¡¡flag¡¡approached¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡and¡¡asked¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡to¡¡the¡¡general¡£
He¡¡brought¡¡a¡¡message¡¡inquiring¡¡on¡¡what¡¡terms¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡would¡¡consent
to¡¡evacuate¡¡Nimes¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡general¡¡sent¡¡back¡¡word¡¡that¡¡the¡¡conditions
were£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡should¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡march¡¡out¡¡fully¡¡armed¡¡and
with¡¡ail¡¡their¡¡baggage£»¡¡the¡¡five¡¡guns¡¡alone¡¡would¡¡be¡¡left¡¡behind¡£
When¡¡the¡¡forces¡¡reached¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡valley¡¡outside¡¡the¡¡city¡¡they¡¡would
halt£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡men¡¡might¡¡be¡¡supplied¡¡with¡¡means¡¡sufficient¡¡to¡¡enable
them¡¡either¡¡to¡¡rejoin¡¡the¡¡regiments¡¡to¡¡which¡¡they¡¡belonged£»¡¡or¡¡to
return¡¡to¡¡their¡¡own¡¡homes¡£

At¡¡two¡¡o'clock¡¡A¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡the¡¡same¡¡envoy¡¡returned£»¡¡and¡¡announced¡¡to¡¡the
general¡¡that¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡had¡¡been¡¡accepted¡¡with¡¡one¡¡alteration£»
which¡¡was¡¡that¡¡the¡¡troops£»¡¡before¡¡marching¡¡out£»¡¡should¡¡lay¡¡down¡¡their
arms¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡messenger¡¡also¡¡intimated¡¡that¡¡if¡¡the¡¡offer¡¡he¡¡had¡¡brought
were¡¡not¡¡quickly¡¡accepted¡¡say¡¡within¡¡two¡¡hoursthe¡¡time¡¡for
capitulation¡¡would¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡by£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡answerable
for¡¡what¡¡the¡¡people¡¡might¡¡then¡¡do¡¡in¡¡their¡¡fury¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡general
accepted¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡as¡¡amended£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡envoy¡¡disappeared¡£

When¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡heard¡¡of¡¡the¡¡agreement£»¡¡that¡¡they¡¡should¡¡be¡¡disarmed
before¡¡being¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡leave¡¡the¡¡town£»¡¡their¡¡first¡¡impulse¡¡was¡¡to
refuse¡¡to¡¡lay¡¡down¡¡their¡¡weapons¡¡before¡¡a¡¡rabble¡¡which¡¡had¡¡run¡¡away
from¡¡a¡¡few¡¡musket¡¡shots£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡general¡¡succeeded¡¡in¡¡soothing¡¡their
sense¡¡of¡¡humiliation¡¡and¡¡winning¡¡their¡¡consent¡¡by¡¡representing¡¡to
them¡¡that¡¡there¡¡could¡¡be¡¡nothing¡¡dishonourable¡¡in¡¡an¡¡action¡¡which
prevented¡¡the¡¡children¡¡of¡¡a¡¡common¡¡fatherland¡¡from¡¡shedding¡¡each
other's¡¡blood¡£

The¡¡gendarmerie£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡one¡¡article¡¡of¡¡the¡¡treaty£»¡¡were¡¡to
close¡¡in¡¡at£»¡¡the¡¡rear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡evacuating¡¡column£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡hinder¡¡the
populace¡¡from¡¡molesting¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡of¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡composed¡£¡¡¡¡This
was¡¡the¡¡only¡¡concession¡¡obtained¡¡in¡¡return¡¡for¡¡the¡¡abandoned¡¡arms£»
and¡¡the¡¡farce¡¡in¡¡question¡¡was¡¡already¡¡drawn¡¡up¡¡in¡¡field¡¡order£»
apparently¡¡waiting¡¡to¡¡escort¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡£

At¡¡four¡¡o'clock¡¡P¡£M¡£¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡got¡¡ready£»¡¡each¡¡company¡¡stacking¡¡its
arms¡¡in¡¡the¡¡courtyard¡¡before£º¡¡marching¡¡out£»¡¡but¡¡hardly¡¡had¡¡forty¡¡or
fifty¡¡men¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡gates¡¡than¡¡fire¡¡was¡¡opened¡¡on¡¡them¡¡at¡¡such¡¡close
range¡¡that¡¡half¡¡of¡¡them¡¡were¡¡killed¡¡or¡¡disabled¡¡at¡¡the¡¡first¡¡volley¡£
Upon¡¡this£»¡¡those¡¡who¡¡were¡¡still¡¡within¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡closed¡¡the¡¡courtyard
gates£»¡¡thus¡¡cutting¡¡off¡¡all¡¡chance¡¡of¡¡retreat¡¡from¡¡their¡¡comrades¡£
In¡¡the¡¡event£»¡¡however£»¡¡it¡¡turned¡¡out¡¡that¡¡several¡¡of¡¡the¡¡latter
contrived¡¡to¡¡escape¡¡with¡¡their¡¡lives¡¡and¡¡that¡¡they¡¡lost¡¡nothing
through¡¡being¡¡prevented¡¡from¡¡returning£»¡¡for¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡the¡¡mob¡¡saw
that¡¡ten¡¡or¡¡twelve¡¡of¡¡their¡¡victims¡¡had¡¡slipped¡¡through¡¡their¡¡hands
they¡¡made¡¡a¡¡furious¡¡attack¡¡on¡¡the¡¡barracks£»¡¡burst¡¡in¡¡the¡¡gates£»¡¡and
scaled¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡with¡¡such¡¡rapidity£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡soldiers¡¡had¡¡no¡¡time¡¡to
repossess¡¡themselves¡¡of¡¡their¡¡muskets£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡had¡¡they¡¡succeeded¡¡in
seizing¡¡them¡¡they¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡of¡¡little¡¡use£»¡¡as¡¡ammunition¡¡was
totally¡¡wanting¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡barracks¡¡being¡¡thus¡¡carried¡¡by¡¡assault£»¡¡a
horrible¡¡massacre¡¡ensued£»¡¡which¡¡lasted¡¡for¡¡three¡¡hours¡£¡¡¡¡Some¡¡of¡¡the
wretched¡¡men£»¡¡being¡¡hunted¡¡from¡¡room¡¡to¡¡room£»¡¡jumped¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first
window¡¡they¡¡could¡¡reach£»¡¡without¡¡stopping¡¡to¡¡measure¡¡its¡¡height¡¡from
the¡¡ground£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡either¡¡impaled¡¡on¡¡the¡¡bayonets¡¡held¡¡in¡¡readiness
below£»¡¡or£»¡¡falling¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pavement£»¡¡broke¡¡their¡¡limbs¡¡and¡¡were
pitilessly¡¡despatched¡£

The¡¡gendarmes£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡really¡¡been¡¡called¡¡out¡¡to¡¡protect¡¡the¡¡retreat
of¡¡the¡¡garrison£»¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡imagine¡¡they¡¡were¡¡there¡¡to¡¡witness¡¡a
judicial¡¡execution£»¡¡and¡¡stood¡¡immovable¡¡and¡¡impassive¡¡while¡¡these
horrid¡¡deeds¡¡went¡¡on¡¡before¡¡their¡¡eyes¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡penalty¡¡of¡¡this
indifference¡¡was¡¡swiftly¡¡exacted£»¡¡for¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡the¡¡soldiers¡¡were
all¡¡done¡¡with£»¡¡the¡¡mob£»¡¡finding¡¡their¡¡thirst¡¡for¡¡blood¡¡still
unslacked£»¡¡turned¡¡on¡¡the¡¡gendarmes£»¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡number¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡were
wounded£»¡¡while¡¡all¡¡lost¡¡their¡¡horses£»¡¡and¡¡some¡¡their¡¡lives¡£

The¡¡populace¡¡was¡¡still¡¡engaged¡¡at¡¡its¡¡bloody¡¡task¡¡when¡¡news¡¡came¡¡that
the¡¡army¡¡from¡¡Beaucaire¡¡was¡¡within¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡town£»¡¡and¡¡the
murderers£»¡¡hastening¡¡to¡¡despatch¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wounded¡¡who¡¡still¡¡showed
signs¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡went¡¡forth¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡long¡¡expected¡¡reinforcements¡£

Only¡¡those¡¡who¡¡saw¡¡the¡¡advancing¡¡army¡¡with¡¡their¡¡own¡¡eyes¡¡can¡¡form
any¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡its¡¡condition¡¡and¡¡appearance£»¡¡the¡¡first¡¡corps¡¡excepted¡£
This¡¡corps¡¡was¡¡commanded¡¡by¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Barre£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡put¡¡himself¡¡at¡¡its
head¡¡with¡¡the¡¡noble¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡preventing£»¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡he¡¡could£»
massacre¡¡and¡¡pillage¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡this¡¡he¡¡was¡¡seconded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡officers¡¡under
him£»¡¡who¡¡were¡¡actuated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡same¡¡philanthropic¡¡motives¡¡as¡¡their
general¡¡in¡¡identifying¡¡themselves¡¡with¡¡the¡¡corps¡£¡¡¡¡Owing¡¡to¡¡their
exertions£»¡¡the¡¡men¡¡advanced¡¡in¡¡fairly¡¡regular¡¡order£»¡¡and¡¡good
discipline¡¡was¡¡maintained¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡the¡¡men¡¡carried¡¡muskets¡£

But¡¡the¡¡first¡¡corps¡¡was¡¡only¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡vanguard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡second£»¡¡which
was¡¡the¡¡real¡¡army£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡wonderful¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡see¡¡and¡¡hear¡£¡¡¡¡Never¡¡were
brought¡¡together¡¡before¡¡or¡¡since¡¡so¡¡many¡¡different¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡howl£»¡¡so
many¡¡threats¡¡of¡¡death£»¡¡so¡¡many¡¡rags£»¡¡so¡¡many¡¡odd¡¡weapons£»¡¡from¡¡the
matchlock¡¡of¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Michelade¡¡to¡¡the¡¡steel¡­tipped¡¡goad¡¡of
the¡¡bullock¡¡drovers¡¡of¡¡La¡¡Camargue£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡when¡¡the¡¡Nimes¡¡mob£»¡¡which
in¡¡all¡¡conscience¡¡was¡¡howling¡¡and¡¡ragged¡¡enough£»¡¡rushed¡¡out¡¡to¡¡offer
a¡¡brotherly¡¡welcome¡¡to¡¡the¡¡strangers£»¡¡its¡¡first¡¡feeling¡¡was¡¡one¡¡of
astonishment¡¡and¡¡dismay¡¡as¡¡it¡¡caught¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡motley¡¡crew¡¡which
held¡¡out¡¡to¡¡it¡¡the¡¡right¡¡hand¡¡of¡¡fellowship¡£

The¡¡new¡­comers¡¡soon¡¡showed¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡through¡¡necessity¡¡and¡¡not
choice¡¡that¡¡their¡¡outer¡¡man¡¡presented¡¡such¡¡a¡¡disreputable¡¡appearance£»
for¡¡they¡¡were¡¡hardly¡¡well¡¡within¡¡the¡¡gates¡¡before¡¡demanding¡¡that¡¡the
houses¡¡of¡¡the¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Protestant¡¡National¡¡Guard¡¡should¡¡be
pointed¡¡out¡¡to¡¡them¡£

This¡¡being¡¡done£»¡¡they¡¡promptly¡¡proceeded¡¡to¡¡exact¡¡from¡¡each¡¡household
a¡¡musket£»¡¡a¡¡coat£»¡¡a¡¡complete¡¡kit£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡sum¡¡of¡¡money£»¡¡according¡¡to
their¡¡humour£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡before¡¡evening¡¡those¡¡who¡¡had¡¡arrived¡¡naked¡¡and
penniless¡¡were¡¡provided¡¡with¡¡complete¡¡uniforms¡¡and¡¡had¡¡money¡¡in¡¡their
pockets¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡exactions¡¡were¡¡levied¡¡under¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡a
contribution£»¡¡

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