massacres of the south-µÚ58ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
the¡¡Loulle¡¡gate£»¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡a¡¡second¡¡carriage¡¡in¡¡which¡¡were¡¡his
aides¡de¡camp£»¡¡he¡¡regained¡¡the¡¡¡¨Palais¡¡Royal£»¡¨¡¡the¡¡doors¡¡of¡¡which
were¡¡opened¡¡to¡¡him¡¡and¡¡his¡¡suite£»¡¡and¡¡immediately¡¡secured¡¡against¡¡all
others¡£
The¡¡marshal¡¡asked¡¡to¡¡be¡¡shown¡¡to¡¡a¡¡room£»¡¡and¡¡M¡£¡¡Moulin¡¡gave¡¡him
No¡£¡¡1£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡front¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡ten¡¡minutes¡¡three¡¡thousand¡¡people¡¡filled¡¡the
square£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡as¡¡if¡¡the¡¡population¡¡sprang¡¡up¡¡from¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡¡¡Just
then¡¡the¡¡carriage£»¡¡which¡¡the¡¡marshal¡¡had¡¡left¡¡behind£»¡¡came¡¡up£»¡¡the
postillion¡¡having¡¡tied¡¡the¡¡traces£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡second¡¡time¡¡the¡¡great¡¡yard
gates¡¡were¡¡opened£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡the¡¡press¡¡closed¡¡again¡¡and
barricaded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡porter¡¡Vernet£»¡¡and¡¡M¡£¡¡Moulin¡¡himself£»¡¡both¡¡of¡¡whom
were¡¡men¡¡of¡¡colossal¡¡strength¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡aides¡de¡camp£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡remained
in¡¡the¡¡carriage¡¡until¡¡then£»¡¡now¡¡alighted£»¡¡and¡¡asked¡¡to¡¡be¡¡shown¡¡to
the¡¡marshal£»¡¡but¡¡Moulin¡¡ordered¡¡the¡¡porter¡¡to¡¡conceal¡¡them¡¡in¡¡an
outhouse¡£¡¡¡¡Vernet¡¡taking¡¡one¡¡in¡¡each¡¡hand£»¡¡dragged¡¡them¡¡off¡¡despite
their¡¡struggles£»¡¡and¡¡pushing¡¡them¡¡behind¡¡some¡¡empty¡¡barrels£»¡¡over
which¡¡he¡¡threw¡¡an¡¡old¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡carpet£»¡¡said¡¡to¡¡them¡¡in¡¡a¡¡voice¡¡as
solemn¡¡as¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡a¡¡prophet£»¡¡¡¨If¡¡you¡¡move£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡dead¡¡men£»¡¨¡¡and
left¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡aides¡de¡camp¡¡remained¡¡there¡¡motionless¡¡and¡¡silent¡£
At¡¡that¡¡moment¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Saint¡Chamans£»¡¡prefect¡¡of¡¡Avignon£»¡¡who¡¡had
arrived¡¡in¡¡town¡¡at¡¡five¡¡o'clock¡¡in¡¡the¡¡morning£»¡¡came¡¡out¡¡into¡¡the
courtyard¡£¡¡¡¡By¡¡this¡¡time¡¡the¡¡crowd¡¡was¡¡smashing¡¡the¡¡windows¡¡and
breaking¡¡in¡¡the¡¡street¡¡door¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡square¡¡was¡¡full¡¡to¡¡overflowing£»
everywhere¡¡threatening¡¡cries¡¡were¡¡heard£»¡¡and¡¡above¡¡all¡¡the¡¡terrible
zaou£»¡¡which¡¡from¡¡moment¡¡to¡¡moment¡¡became¡¡more¡¡full¡¡of¡¡menace¡£
M¡£¡¡Moulin¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡if¡¡they¡¡could¡¡not¡¡hold¡¡out¡¡until¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡under
Major¡¡Lambot¡¡arrived£»¡¡all¡¡was¡¡lost£»¡¡he¡¡therefore¡¡told¡¡Vernet¡¡to
settle¡¡the¡¡business¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡were¡¡breaking¡¡in¡¡the¡¡door£»¡¡while¡¡he
would¡¡take¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡were¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡get¡¡in¡¡at¡¡the¡¡window¡£
Thus¡¡these¡¡two¡¡men£»¡¡moved¡¡by¡¡a¡¡common¡¡impulse¡¡and¡¡of¡¡equal¡¡courage£»
undertook¡¡to¡¡dispute¡¡with¡¡a¡¡howling¡¡mob¡¡the¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡the¡¡blood
for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡thirsted¡£
Both¡¡dashed¡¡to¡¡their¡¡posts£»¡¡one¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hall£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡in¡¡the
dining¡room£»¡¡and¡¡found¡¡door¡¡and¡¡windows¡¡already¡¡smashed£»¡¡and¡¡several
men¡¡in¡¡the¡¡house¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡Vernet£»¡¡with¡¡whose¡¡immense
strength¡¡they¡¡were¡¡acquainted£»¡¡those¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hall¡¡drew¡¡back¡¡a¡¡step£»
and¡¡Vernet£»¡¡taking¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡this¡¡movement£»¡¡succeeded¡¡in¡¡ejecting
them¡¡and¡¡in¡¡securing¡¡the¡¡door¡¡once¡¡more¡£¡¡¡¡Meantime¡¡M¡£¡¡Moulin£»¡¡seizing
his¡¡double¡barrelled¡¡gun£»¡¡which¡¡stood¡¡in¡¡the¡¡chimney¡corner£»¡¡pointed
it¡¡at¡¡five¡¡men¡¡who¡¡had¡¡got¡¡into¡¡the¡¡dining¡room£»¡¡and¡¡threatened¡¡to
fire¡¡if¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡instantly¡¡get¡¡out¡¡again¡£¡¡¡¡Four¡¡obeyed£»¡¡but¡¡one
refused¡¡to¡¡budge£»¡¡whereupon¡¡Moulin£»¡¡finding¡¡himself¡¡no¡¡longer
outnumbered£»¡¡laid¡¡aside¡¡his¡¡gun£»¡¡and£»¡¡seizing¡¡his¡¡adversary¡¡round¡¡the
waist£»¡¡lifted¡¡him¡¡as¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡a¡¡child¡¡and¡¡flung¡¡him¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the
window¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡man¡¡died¡¡three¡¡weeks¡¡later£»¡¡not¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fall¡¡but¡¡from
the¡¡squeeze¡£
Moulin¡¡then¡¡dashed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡window¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡it£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡he¡¡laid¡¡his
hand¡¡on¡¡it¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡his¡¡head¡¡seized¡¡from¡¡behind¡¡and¡¡pressed¡¡violently
down¡¡on¡¡his¡¡left¡¡shoulder£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡instant¡¡a¡¡pane¡¡was¡¡broken¡¡into
splinters£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡a¡¡hatchet¡¡struck¡¡his¡¡right¡¡shoulder¡£
M¡£¡¡de¡¡Saint¡Chamans£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡followed¡¡him¡¡into¡¡the¡¡room£»¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡the
weapon¡¡thrown¡¡at¡¡Moulin's¡¡head£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡aside¡¡the
iron£»¡¡had¡¡turned¡¡aside¡¡the¡¡object¡¡at¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡aimed¡£¡¡¡¡Moulin
seized¡¡the¡¡hatchet¡¡by¡¡the¡¡handle¡¡and¡¡tore¡¡it¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡him
who¡¡had¡¡delivered¡¡the¡¡blow£»¡¡which¡¡fortunately¡¡had¡¡missed¡¡its¡¡aim¡£¡¡¡¡He
then¡¡finished¡¡closing¡¡the¡¡window£»¡¡and¡¡secured¡¡it¡¡by¡¡making¡¡fast¡¡the
inside¡¡shutters£»¡¡and¡¡went¡¡upstairs¡¡to¡¡see¡¡after¡¡the¡¡marshal¡£
Him¡¡he¡¡found¡¡striding¡¡up¡¡and¡¡down¡¡his¡¡room£»¡¡his¡¡handsome¡¡and¡¡noble
face¡¡as¡¡calm¡¡as¡¡if¡¡the¡¡voices¡¡of¡¡all¡¡those¡¡shouting¡¡men¡¡outside¡¡were
not¡¡demanding¡¡his¡¡death¡£¡¡¡¡Moulin¡¡made¡¡him¡¡leave¡¡No¡£¡¡1¡¡for¡¡No¡£¡¡3£»
which£»¡¡being¡¡a¡¡back¡¡room¡¡and¡¡looking¡¡out¡¡on¡¡the¡¡courtyard£»¡¡seemed¡¡to
offer¡¡more¡¡chances¡¡of¡¡safety¡¡than¡¡the¡¡other¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡marshal¡¡asked¡¡for
writing¡¡materials£»¡¡which¡¡Moulin¡¡brought£»¡¡whereupon¡¡the¡¡marshal¡¡sat
down¡¡at¡¡a¡¡little¡¡table¡¡and¡¡began¡¡to¡¡write¡£
Just¡¡then¡¡the¡¡cries¡¡outside¡¡became¡¡still¡¡more¡¡uproarious¡£¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡de
Saint¡Chamans¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡out¡¡and¡¡ordered¡¡the¡¡crowd¡¡to¡¡disperse£»
whereupon¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡people¡¡had¡¡answered¡¡him¡¡with¡¡one¡¡voice£»¡¡asking
who¡¡he¡¡was¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡give¡¡such¡¡an¡¡order¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡announced¡¡his¡¡rank
and¡¡authority£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡answer¡¡was£»¡¡¡¨We¡¡only¡¡know¡¡the¡¡prefect¡¡by
his¡¡clothes¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Now¡¡it¡¡had¡¡unfortunately¡¡happened¡¡that¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Chamans
having¡¡sent¡¡his¡¡trunks¡¡by¡¡diligence¡¡they¡¡had¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡arrived£»¡¡and
being¡¡dressed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡green¡¡coat£»¡¡nankeen¡¡trousers£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡pique¡¡vest£»¡¡it
could¡¡hardly¡¡be¡¡expected¡¡that¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡suit¡¡he¡¡should¡¡overawe¡¡the
people¡¡under¡¡the¡¡circumstances£»¡¡so£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡got¡¡up¡¡on¡¡a¡¡bench¡¡to
harangue¡¡the¡¡populace£»¡¡cries¡¡arose¡¡of¡¡¡¨Down¡¡with¡¡the¡¡green¡¡coat£¡¡¡¡¡We
have¡¡enough¡¡of¡¡charlatans¡¡like¡¡that£¡¡¨¡¡and¡¡he¡¡was¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡get¡¡down
again¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡Vernet¡¡opened¡¡the¡¡door¡¡to¡¡let¡¡him¡¡in£»¡¡several¡¡men¡¡took
advantage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡circumstance¡¡to¡¡push¡¡in¡¡along¡¡with¡¡him£»¡¡but¡¡Vernet
let¡¡his¡¡fist¡¡fall¡¡three¡¡times£»¡¡and¡¡three¡¡men¡¡rolled¡¡at¡¡his¡¡feet¡¡like
bulls¡¡struck¡¡by¡¡a¡¡club¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡others¡¡withdrew¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡dozen¡¡champions¡¡such
as¡¡Vernet¡¡would¡¡have¡¡saved¡¡the¡¡marshal¡£¡¡¡¡Yet¡¡it¡¡must¡¡not¡¡be¡¡forgotten
that¡¡this¡¡man¡¡was¡¡a¡¡Royalist£»¡¡and¡¡held¡¡the¡¡same¡¡opinions¡¡as¡¡those
against¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡fought£»¡¡for¡¡him¡¡as¡¡for¡¡them¡¡the¡¡marshal¡¡was¡¡a¡¡mortal
enemy£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡had¡¡a¡¡noble¡¡heart£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡the¡¡marshal¡¡were¡¡guilty¡¡he
desired¡¡a¡¡trial¡¡and¡¡not¡¡a¡¡murder¡£¡¡¡¡Meantime¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡onlooker¡¡had
heard¡¡what¡¡had¡¡been¡¡said¡¡to¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Chamans¡¡about¡¡his¡¡unofficial
costume£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡to¡¡put¡¡on¡¡his¡¡uniform¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡was¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Puy£»¡¡a
handsome¡¡and¡¡venerable¡¡old¡¡man£»¡¡with¡¡white¡¡hair£»¡¡pleasant¡¡expression£»
and¡¡winning¡¡voice¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡soon¡¡came¡¡back¡¡in¡¡his¡¡mayor's¡¡robes£»¡¡wearing
his¡¡scarf¡¡and¡¡his¡¡double¡¡cross¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Legion¡¡of¡¡Honour¡£
But¡¡neither¡¡his¡¡age¡¡nor¡¡his¡¡dignity¡¡made¡¡the¡¡slightest¡¡impression¡¡on
these¡¡people£»¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡even¡¡allow¡¡him¡¡to¡¡get¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡hotel
door£»¡¡but¡¡knocked¡¡him¡¡down¡¡and¡¡trampled¡¡him¡¡under¡¡foot£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡he
hardly¡¡escaped¡¡with¡¡torn¡¡clothes¡¡and¡¡his¡¡white¡¡hair¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡dust
and¡¡blood¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡fury¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mob¡¡had¡¡now¡¡reached¡¡its¡¡height¡£
At¡¡this¡¡juncture¡¡the¡¡garrison¡¡of¡¡Avignon¡¡came¡¡in¡¡sight£»¡¡it¡¡was
composed¡¡of¡¡four¡¡hundred¡¡volunteers£»¡¡who¡¡formed¡¡a¡¡battalion¡¡known¡¡as
the¡¡Royal¡¡Angouleme¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡commanded¡¡by¡¡a¡¡man¡¡who¡¡had¡¡assumed¡¡the
title¡¡of¡¡Lieutenant¡General¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Emancipating¡¡Army¡¡of¡¡Vaucluse¡£
These¡¡forces¡¡drew¡¡up¡¡under¡¡the¡¡windows¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¨Palais¡¡Royal¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡They
were¡¡composed¡¡almost¡¡entirely¡¡of¡¡Provenceaux£»¡¡and¡¡spoke¡¡the¡¡same
dialect¡¡as¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡orders¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡crowd¡¡asked¡¡the
soldiers¡¡for¡¡what¡¡they¡¡had¡¡come£»¡¡why¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡leave¡¡them¡¡to
accomplish¡¡an¡¡act¡¡of¡¡justice¡¡in¡¡peace£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡intended¡¡to
interfere¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Quite¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡soldiers£»¡¡¡¨pitch
him¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡window£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡will¡¡catch¡¡him¡¡on¡¡the¡¡points¡¡of¡¡our
bayonets¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Brutal¡¡cries¡¡of¡¡joy¡¡greeted¡¡this¡¡answer£»¡¡succeeded¡¡by¡¡a
short¡¡silence£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡was¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡see¡¡that¡¡under¡¡the¡¡apparent¡¡calm
the¡¡crowd¡¡was¡¡in¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡eager¡¡expectation¡£¡¡¡¡Soon¡¡new¡¡shouts¡¡were
heard£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡time¡¡from¡¡the¡¡interior¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hotel£»¡¡a¡¡small¡¡band¡¡of
men¡¡led¡¡by¡¡Forges¡¡and¡¡Roquefort¡¡had¡¡separated¡¡themselves¡¡from¡¡the
throng£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡the¡¡help¡¡of¡¡ladders¡¡had¡¡scaled¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡and¡¡got¡¡on
the¡¡roof¡¡of¡¡the¡¡house£»¡¡and£»¡¡gliding¡¡down¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side£»¡¡had¡¡dropped
into¡¡the¡¡balcony¡¡outside¡¡the¡¡windows¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rooms¡¡where¡¡the¡¡marshal
was¡¡writing¡£
Some¡¡of¡¡these¡¡dashed¡¡through¡¡the¡¡windows¡¡without¡¡waiting¡¡to¡¡open
them£»¡¡others¡¡rushed¡¡in¡¡at¡¡the¡¡open¡¡door¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡marshal£»¡¡thus¡¡taken¡¡by
surprise£»¡¡rose£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡wishing¡¡that¡¡the¡¡letter¡¡he¡¡was¡¡writing¡¡to¡¡the
Austrian¡¡commandant¡¡to¡¡claim¡¡his¡¡protection¡¡should¡¡fall¡¡into¡¡the
hands¡¡of¡¡these¡¡wretches£»¡¡he¡¡tore¡¡it¡¡to¡¡pieces¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡a¡¡man¡¡who
belonged¡¡to¡¡a¡¡better¡¡class¡¡than¡¡the¡¡others£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡wears¡¡to¡day¡¡the
Cross¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Legion¡¡of¡¡Honour£»¡¡granted¡¡to¡¡him¡¡perhaps¡¡for¡¡his¡¡conduct
on¡¡this¡¡occasion£»¡¡advanced¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡marshal£»¡¡sword¡¡in¡¡hand£»¡¡and
told¡¡him¡¡if¡¡he¡¡had¡¡any¡¡last¡¡arrangements¡¡to¡¡make£»¡¡he¡¡should¡¡make¡¡them
at¡¡once£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡had¡¡only¡¡ten¡¡minutes¡¡to¡¡live¡£
¡¨What¡¡are¡¡you¡¡thinking