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massacres of the south-µÚ29ÕÂ

С˵£º massacres of the south ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

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speech£»¡¡M£»¡¡de¡¡Baville¡¡saw¡¡there¡¡was¡¡nothing¡¡for¡¡him¡¡to¡¡do¡¡but¡¡to¡¡let
things¡¡take¡¡their¡¡course¡£

The¡¡course¡¡that¡¡they¡¡took¡¡turned¡¡Cavalier's¡¡head¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more£»¡¡for
thanks¡¡to¡¡the¡¡injunctions¡¡of¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡orders¡¡that
Cavalier¡¡gave¡¡were¡¡obeyed¡¡as¡¡if¡¡they¡¡had¡¡been¡¡issued¡¡by¡¡the¡¡governor
himself¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡a¡¡court¡¡like¡¡a¡¡prince£»¡¡lieutenants¡¡like¡¡a¡¡general£»
and¡¡secretaries¡¡like¡¡a¡¡statesman¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡the¡¡duty¡¡of¡¡one¡¡secretary
to¡¡give¡¡leave¡¡of¡¡absence¡¡to¡¡those¡¡Camisards¡¡who¡¡had¡¡business¡¡to
attend¡¡to¡¡or¡¡who¡¡desired¡¡to¡¡visit¡¡their¡¡relations¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡following¡¡is
a¡¡copy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡form¡¡used¡¡for¡¡these¡¡passports£º

¡¨We£»¡¡the¡¡undersigned£»¡¡secretary¡¡to¡¡Brother¡¡Cavalier£»¡¡generalissimo¡¡of
the¡¡Huguenots£»¡¡permit¡¡by¡¡this¡¡order¡¡given¡¡by¡¡him¡¡to¡¡absent¡¡himself¡¡on
business¡¡for¡¡three¡¡days¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨£¨Signed¡¡DUPONT¡£
¡¨Calvisson£»¡¡this¡¨


And¡¡these¡¡safe¡­conducts¡¡were¡¡as¡¡much¡¡respected¡¡as¡¡if¡¡they¡¡had¡¡been
signed¡¡¡¨Marechal¡¡de¡¡Villars¡£¡¨

On¡¡the¡¡22nd¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Saint¡­Pierre¡¡arrived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡court£»¡¡bringing¡¡the
reply¡¡of¡¡the¡¡king¡¡to¡¡the¡¡proposals¡¡which¡¡Cavalier¡¡had¡¡submitted¡¡to
M¡£¡¡de¡¡Lalande¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡this¡¡reply¡¡was¡¡did¡¡not¡¡transpire£»¡¡probably¡¡it
was¡¡not¡¡in¡¡harmony¡¡with¡¡the¡¡pacific¡¡intentions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡marechal¡£¡¡¡¡At
last£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡25th£»¡¡the¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡the¡¡demands¡¡which¡¡Cavalier¡¡had¡¡made
to¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars¡¡himself¡¡arrived¡£¡¡The¡¡original¡¡paper¡¡written¡¡by¡¡the
Camisard¡¡chief¡¡himself¡¡had¡¡been¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡Louis¡¡XIV£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡returned¡¡it
with¡¡notes¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own¡¡writing£»¡¡thus¡¡these¡¡two¡¡hands£»¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡which
belonged¡¡the¡¡shepherd's¡¡crook¡¡and¡¡to¡¡the¡¡other¡¡the¡¡sceptre£»¡¡had
rested¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡sheet¡¡of¡¡paper¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡following¡¡is¡¡the¡¡text¡¡of¡¡the
agreement¡¡as¡¡given¡¡by¡¡Cavalier¡¡in¡¡his¡¡Memoirs£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨THE¡¡HUMBLE¡¡PETITION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡REFORMERS¡¡OF
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡LANGUEDOC¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡KING

¡¨1¡£¡¡That¡¡it¡¡may¡¡please¡¡the¡¡king¡¡to¡¡grant¡¡us¡¡liberty¡¡of¡¡conscience
throughout¡¡the¡¡province£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡permit¡¡us¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡religious¡¡meetings
in¡¡every¡¡suitable¡¡place£»¡¡except¡¡fortified¡¡places¡¡and¡¡walled¡¡cities¡£

'Granted£»¡¡on¡¡condition¡¡that¡¡no¡¡churches¡¡be¡¡built¡£

¡¨2¡£¡¡That¡¡all¡¡those¡¡in¡¡prison¡¡or¡¡at¡¡the¡¡galleys¡¡who¡¡have¡¡been¡¡sent
there¡¡since¡¡the¡¡revocation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Edict¡¡of¡¡Nantes£»¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their
religion£»¡¡be¡¡set¡¡at¡¡liberty¡¡within¡¡six¡¡weeks¡¡from¡¡the¡¡date¡¡of¡¡this
petition¡£

'Granted¡£

¡¨3¡£¡¡That¡¡all¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡left¡¡the¡¡kingdom¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their
religion¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡return¡¡in¡¡freedom¡¡and¡¡safety£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡their
goods¡¡and¡¡privileges¡¡be¡¡restored¡¡to¡¡them¡£

'Granted¡¡on¡¡condition¡¡that¡¡they¡¡take¡¡the¡¡oath¡¡of¡¡fidelity¡¡to¡¡the
king¡£

¡¨4¡£¡¡That¡¡the¡¡Parliament¡¡of¡¡Languedoc¡¡be¡¡reestablished¡¡on¡¡its¡¡ancient
footing£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡all¡¡its¡¡former¡¡privileges¡£

'The¡¡king¡¡reserves¡¡decision¡¡on¡¡this¡¡point¡£

¡¨5¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡the¡¡province¡¡of¡¡Languedoc¡¡be¡¡exempted¡¡from¡¡the¡¡poll¡¡tax¡¡for
ten¡¡years£»¡¡this¡¡to¡¡apply£»¡¡to¡¡Catholics¡¡and¡¡Protestants¡¡alike£»¡¡both
sides¡¡having¡¡equally¡¡suffered¡£

'Refused¡£

¡¨6¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡the¡¡cities¡¡of¡¡Perpignan£»¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡Cette£»¡¡and
Aiguemortes¡¡be¡¡assigned¡¡us¡¡as¡¡cities¡¡of¡¡refuge¡£

'Refused¡£

¡¨7¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Cevennes¡¡whose¡¡houses¡¡were¡¡burnt¡¡or
otherwise¡¡destroyed¡¡during¡¡the¡¡war¡¡be¡¡exempt¡¡from¡¡taxes¡¡for¡¡seven
years¡£

'Granted¡£

¡¨8¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡it¡¡may¡¡please¡¡His¡¡Majesty¡¡to¡¡permit¡¡Cavalier¡¡to¡¡choose¡¡2000
men£»¡¡both¡¡from¡¡among¡¡his¡¡own¡¡troops¡¡and¡¡from¡¡among¡¡those¡¡who¡¡may¡¡be
delivered¡¡from¡¡the¡¡prisons¡¡and¡¡galleys£»¡¡to¡¡form¡¡a¡¡regiment¡¡of
dragoons¡¡for¡¡the¡¡service¡¡of¡¡His¡¡Majesty£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡this¡¡regiment¡¡when
formed¡¡may¡¡at¡¡once¡¡be¡¡ordered¡¡to¡¡serve¡¡His¡¡Majesty¡¡in¡¡Portugal¡£

'Granted£º¡¡and¡¡on¡¡condition¡¡that¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Huguenots¡¡everywhere¡¡lay¡¡down
their¡¡arms£»¡¡the¡¡king¡¡will¡¡permit¡¡them¡¡to¡¡live¡¡quietly¡¡in¡¡the¡¡free
exercise¡¡of¡¡their¡¡religion¡£'¡¨


¡¨I¡¡had¡¡been¡¡a¡¡week¡¡at¡¡Calvisson£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡Cavalier¡¡in¡¡his¡¡Memoirs£»¡¡¡¨when
I¡¡received¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡from¡¡M¡£¡¡le¡¡Marechal¡¡de¡¡Villars¡¡ordering¡¡me¡¡to
repair¡¡to¡¡Nimes£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡see¡¡me£»¡¡the¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡my¡¡demands¡£
having¡¡arrived¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡obeyed¡¡at¡¡once£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡very¡¡much¡¡displeased¡¡to
find¡¡that¡¡several¡¡of¡¡my¡¡demands£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡particular¡¡the¡¡one¡¡relating
to¡¡the¡¡cities¡¡of¡¡refuge£»¡¡had¡¡been¡¡refused£»¡¡but¡¡M¡£¡¡le¡¡marechal¡¡assured
me¡¡that¡¡the¡¡king's¡¡word¡¡was¡¡better¡¡than¡¡twenty¡¡cities¡¡of¡¡refuge£»¡¡and
that¡¡after¡¡all¡¡the¡¡trouble¡¡we¡¡had¡¡given¡¡him¡¡we¡¡should¡¡regard¡¡it¡¡as
showing¡¡great¡¡clemency¡¡on¡¡his¡¡part¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡granted¡¡us¡¡the¡¡greater
part¡¡of¡¡what¡¡we¡¡had¡¡asked¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡reasoning¡¡was¡¡not¡¡entirely
convincing£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡more¡¡time¡¡for¡¡deliberation£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡I
was¡¡as¡¡anxious¡¡for¡¡peace¡¡as¡¡the¡¡king¡¡himself£»¡¡I¡¡decided¡¡to¡¡accept
gracefully¡¡what¡¡was¡¡offered¡£¡¨

All¡¡the¡¡further¡¡advantage¡¡that¡¡Cavalier¡¡could¡¡obtain¡¡from¡¡M¡£¡¡de
Villars¡¡was¡¡that¡¡the¡¡treaty¡¡should¡¡bear¡¡the¡¡date¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day¡¡on¡¡which
it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡drawn¡¡up£»¡¡in¡¡this¡¡manner¡¡the¡¡prisoners¡¡who¡¡were¡¡to¡¡be¡¡set
at¡¡liberty¡¡in¡¡six¡¡weeks¡¡gained¡¡one¡¡week¡£

M¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars¡¡wrote¡¡at¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡treaty£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡signed¡¡the
same¡¡day¡¡by¡¡him¡¡and¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Baville¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡king£»¡¡and¡¡by
Cavalier¡¡and¡¡Daniel¡¡Billard¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Protestants£»¡¡the
following¡¡ratification£º

¡¨In¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡the¡¡plenary¡¡powers¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡received¡¡from¡¡the
king£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡granted¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Reformers¡¡of¡¡Languedoc¡¡the¡¡articles
above¡¡made¡¡known¡£

¡¨MARECHAL¡¡DE¡¡VILLARS¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡J¡£¡¡CAVALIER

¡¨LAMOIGNON¡¡DE¡¡BAVILLE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DANIEL¡¡BILLARD

¡¨Given¡¡at¡¡Nimes£»¡¡the¡¡17th¡¡of¡¡May¡¡1704¡¨


These¡¡two¡¡signatures£»¡¡all¡¡unworthy¡¡as¡¡they¡¡were¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡beside¡¡their
own£»¡¡gave¡¡such¡¡great¡¡delight¡¡to¡¡MM¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars¡¡and¡¡de¡¡Baville£»¡¡that
they¡¡at¡¡once¡¡sent¡¡off¡¡fresh¡¡orders¡¡to¡¡Calvisson¡¡that¡¡the¡¡wants¡¡of¡¡the
Camisards¡¡should¡¡be¡¡abundantly¡¡supplied¡¡until¡¡the¡¡articles¡¡of¡¡the
treaty¡¡were¡¡executedthat¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡prisoners¡¡and¡¡the
galley¡¡slaves¡¡were¡¡set¡¡at¡¡liberty£»¡¡which£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡article¡¡2¡¡of
the¡¡treaty£»¡¡would¡¡be¡¡within¡¡the¡¡next¡¡six¡¡weeks¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡to¡¡Cavalier£»¡¡the
marechal¡¡gave¡¡him¡¡on¡¡the¡¡spot¡¡a¡¡commission¡¡as¡¡colonel£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡pension
of¡¡1200¡¡livres¡¡attached£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡nominating¡¡the¡¡subordinate
officers¡¡in¡¡his¡¡regiment£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡he¡¡handed¡¡him¡¡a
captain's¡¡commission¡¡for¡¡his¡¡young¡¡brother¡£

Cavalier¡¡drew¡¡up¡¡the¡¡muster¡­roll¡¡of¡¡the¡¡regiment¡¡the¡¡same¡¡day£»¡¡and
gave¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡marechal¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡to¡¡consist¡¡of¡¡seven¡¡hundred¡¡and
twelve¡¡men£»¡¡forming¡¡fifteen¡¡companies£»¡¡with¡¡sixteen¡¡captains£»¡¡sixteen
lieutenants£»¡¡a¡¡sergeant¡­major£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡surgeon¡­major¡£

While¡¡all¡¡this¡¡was¡¡happening£»¡¡Roland£»¡¡taking¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡the
suspension¡¡of¡¡hostilities£»¡¡was¡¡riding¡¡up¡¡and¡¡down¡¡the¡¡province¡¡as¡¡if
he¡¡were¡¡viceroy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Cevennes£»¡¡and¡¡wherever¡¡he¡¡appeared¡¡he¡¡had¡¡a
magnificent¡¡reception¡£¡¡¡¡Like¡¡Cavalier£»¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡leave¡¡of¡¡absence¡¡and
furnished¡¡escorts£»¡¡and¡¡held¡¡himself¡¡haughtily£»¡¡sure¡¡that¡¡he¡¡too¡¡would
soon¡¡be¡¡negotiating¡¡treaties¡¡on¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡equality¡¡with¡¡marshals¡¡of
France¡¡and¡¡governors¡¡of¡¡provinces¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡Roland¡¡was¡¡much¡¡mistaken£º¡¡M¡£
de¡¡Villars¡¡had¡¡made¡¡great¡¡concessions¡¡to¡¡the¡¡popularity¡¡of¡¡Cavalier£»
but¡¡they¡¡were¡¡the¡¡last¡¡he¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡make¡£¡¡¡¡So£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡being¡¡in
his¡¡turn¡¡summoned¡¡to¡¡Nimes£»¡¡or¡¡Uzes£»¡¡to¡¡confer¡¡with¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars£»
Roland¡¡merely¡¡received¡¡an¡¡intimation¡¡from¡¡Cavalier¡¡that¡¡he¡¡desired¡¡to
speak¡¡with¡¡him¡¡on¡¡important¡¡business¡£

They¡¡met¡¡near¡¡Anduze£»¡¡and¡¡Cavalier£»¡¡faithful¡¡to¡¡the¡¡promise¡¡given¡¡to
M¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars£»¡¡neglected¡¡no¡¡argument¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡think¡¡of¡¡to¡¡induce
Roland¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡his¡¡example£»¡¡but¡¡Roland¡¡would¡¡listen¡¡to¡¡nothing¡£
Then£»¡¡when¡¡Cavalier¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡arguments¡¡and¡¡promises¡¡were¡¡of¡¡no¡¡avail£»
he¡¡raised¡¡his¡¡voice¡¡in¡¡anger£»¡¡but¡¡Roland£»¡¡laying¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡on¡¡his
shoulder£»¡¡told¡¡him¡¡that¡¡his¡¡head¡¡was¡¡turned£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡remember
that¡¡he£»¡¡Roland£»¡¡was¡¡his¡¡senior¡¡in¡¡command£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡bound¡¡by
nothing¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡promised¡¡in¡¡his¡¡name¡¡by¡¡his¡¡junior£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡he
had¡¡registered¡¡a¡¡vow¡¡in¡¡Heaven¡¡that¡¡nothing¡¡would¡¡persuade¡¡him¡¡to
make¡¡peace¡¡unless¡¡complete¡¡liberty¡¡of¡¡conscience¡¡were¡¡granted¡¡to¡¡all¡£
The¡¡young¡¡Cevenol£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡unaccustomed¡¡to¡¡such¡¡language£»¡¡laid¡¡his
hand¡¡on¡¡the¡¡hilt¡¡of¡¡his¡¡sword£»¡¡Roland£»¡¡stepping¡¡back£»¡¡drew¡¡his£»¡¡and
the¡¡consultation¡¡would¡¡have¡¡ended¡¡in¡¡a¡¡duel¡¡if¡¡the¡¡prophets¡¡had¡¡not
thrown¡¡themselves¡¡between¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡succeeded¡¡in¡¡getting¡¡Roland¡¡to
consent¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡their¡¡number£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡much¡¡esteemed¡¡among¡¡the
Huguenots£»¡¡named¡¡Salomon£»¡¡going¡¡back¡¡to¡¡Nimes¡¡with¡¡Cavalier¡¡to¡¡learn
from¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Villars'¡¡own¡¡mouth¡¡what¡¡the¡¡exact¡¡terms¡¡were¡¡which
Cavalier¡¡had¡¡accepted¡¡and¡¡now¡¡offe

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