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n　agreement　with　him　that　on　yielding　him　this　honour　he　should　be　allowed　to　come　back　to　his　country。　Afterwards；　still　with　the　same　mares；　he　won　the　prize　a　third　time；　whereupon　he　was　put　to　death　by　the　sons　of　Pisistratus；　whose　father　was　no　longer　living。　They　set　men　to　lie　in　wait　for　him　secretly；　and　these　men　slew　him　near　the　government…house　in　the　night…time。　He　was　buried　outside　the　city；　beyond　what　is　called　the　Valley　Road；　and　right　opposite　his　tomb　were　buried　the　mares　which　had　won　the　three　prizes。　The　same　success　had　likewise　been　achieved　once　previously；　to　wit；　by　the　mares　of　Evagoras　the　Lacedaemonian；　but　never　except　by　them。　At　the　time　of　Cimon's　death　Stesagoras；　the　elder　of　his　two　sons；　was　in　the　Chersonese；　where　he　lived　with　Miltiades　his　uncle；　the　younger；　who　was　called　Miltiades　after　the　founder　of　the　Chersonesite　colony；　was　with　his　father　in　Athens。　　　　　It　was　this　Miltiades　who　now　commanded　the　Athenians；　after　escaping　from　the　Chersonese；　and　twice　nearly　losing　his　life。　First　he　was　chased　as　far　as　Imbrus　by　the　Phoenicians；　who　had　a　great　desire　to　take　him　and　carry　him　up　to　the　king；　and　when　he　had　avoided　this　danger；　and；　having　reached　his　own　country；　thought　himself　to　be　altogether　in　safety；　he　found　his　enemies　waiting　for　him；　and　was　cited　by　them　before　a　court　and　impeached　for　his　tyranny　in　the　Chersonese。　But　he　came　off　victorious　here　likewise；　and　was　thereupon　made　general　of　the　Athenians　by　the　free　choice　of　the　people。　　　　　And　first；　before　they　left　the　city；　the　generals　sent　off　to　Sparta　a　herald；　one　Pheidippides；　who　was　by　birth　an　Athenian；　and　by　profession　and　practice　a　trained　runner。　This　man；　according　to　the　account　which　he　gave　to　the　Athenians　on　his　return；　when　he　was　near　Mount　Parthenium；　above　Tegea；　fell　in　with　the　god　Pan；　who　called　him　by　his　name；　and　bade　him　ask　the　Athenians　〃wherefore　they　neglected　him　so　entirely；　when　he　was　kindly　disposed　towards　them；　and　had　often　helped　them　in　times　past；　and　would　do　so　again　in　time　to　come？〃　The　Athenians；　entirely　believing　in　the　truth　of　this　report；　as　soon　as　their　affairs　were　once　more　in　good　order；　set　up　a　temple　to　Pan　under　the　Acropolis；　and；　in　return　for　the　message　which　I　have　recorded；　established　in　his　honour　yearly　sacrifices　and　a　torch…race。　　　　　On　the　occasion　of　which　we　speak　when　Pheidippides　was　sent　by　the　Athenian　generals；　and；　according　to　his　own　account；　saw　Pan　on　his　journey；　he　reached　Sparta　on　the　very　next　day　after　quitting　the　city　of　Athens…　Upon　his　arrival　he　went　before　the　rulers；　and　said　to　them：…　　　　　〃Men　of　Lacedaemon；　the　Athenians　beseech　you　to　hasten　to　their　aid；　and　not　allow　that　state；　which　is　the　most　ancient　in　all　Greece；　to　be　enslaved　by　the　barbarians。　Eretria；　look　you；　is　already　carried　away　captive；　and　Greece　weakened　by　the　loss　of　no　mean　city。〃　　　　　Thus　did　Pheidippides　deliver　the　message　committed　to　him。　And　the　Spartans　wished　to　help　the　Athenians；　but　were　unable　to　give　them　any　present　succour；　as　they　did　not　like　to　break　their　established　law。　It　was　then　the　ninth　day　of　the　first　decade；　and　they　could　not　march　out　of　Sparta　on　the　ninth；　when　the　moon　had　not　reached　the　full。　So　they　waited　for　the　full　of　the　moon。　　　　　The　barbarians　were　conducted　to　Marathon　by　Hippias。　the　son　of　Pisistratus；　who　the　night　before　had　seen　a　strange　vision　in　his　sleep。　He　dreamt　of　lying　in　his　mother's　arms；　and　conjectured　the　dream　to　mean　that　he　would　be　restored　to　Athens；　recover　the　power　which　he　had　lost；　and　afterwards　live　to　a　good　old　age　in　his　native　country。　Such　was　the　sense　in　which　he　interpreted　the　vision。　He　now　proceeded　to　act　as　guide　to　the　Persians；　and；　in　the　first　place；　he　landed　the　prisoners　taken　from　Eretria　upon　the　island　that　is　called　Aegileia；　a　tract　belonging　to　the　Styreans；　after　which　he　brought　the　fleet　to　anchor　off　Marathon；　and　marshalled　the　bands　of　the　barbarians　as　they　disembarked。　As　he　was　thus　employed　it　chanced　that　he　sneezed　and　at　the　same　time　coughed　with　more　violence　than　was　his　wont。　Now；　as　he　was　a　man　advanced　in　years；　and　the　greater　number　of　his　teeth　were　loose；　it　so　happened　that　one　of　them　was　driven　out　with　the　force　of　the　cough；　and　fell　down　into　the　sand。　Hippias　took　all　the　pains　he　could　to　find　it；　but　the　tooth　was　nowhere　to　be　seen：　whereupon　he　fetched　a　deep　sigh；　and　said　to　the　bystanders：…　　　　　〃After　all；　the　land　is　not　ours；　and　we　shall　never　be　able　to　bring　it　under。　All　my　share　in　it　is　the　portion　of　which　my　tooth　has　possession。〃　　　　　So　Hippias　believed　that　in　this　way　his　dream　was　fulfilled。　　　　　The　Athenians　were　drawn　up　in　order　of　battle　in　a　sacred　close　belonging　to　Hercules；　when　they　were　joined　by　the　Plataeans；　who　came　in　full　force　to　their　aid。　Some　time　before；　the　Plataeans　had　put　themselves　under　the　rule　of　the　Athenians；　and　these　last　had　already　undertaken　many　labours　on　their　behalf。　The　occasion　of　the　surrender　was　the　following。　The　Plataeans　suffered　grievous　things　at　the　hands　of　the　men　of　Thebes；　so；　as　it　chanced　that　Cleomenes；　the　son　of　Anaxandridas；　and　the　Lacedaemonians　were　in　their　neighbourhood；　they　first　of　all　offered　to　surrender　themselves　to　them。　But　the　Lacedaemonians　refused　to　receive　them；　and　said：…　　　　　〃We　dwell　too　far　off　from　you；　and　ours　would　be　but　chill　succour。　Ye　might　oftentimes　be　carried　into　slavery　before　one　of　us　heard　of　it。　We　counsel　you　rather　to　give　yourselves　up　to　the　Athenians；　who　are　your　next　neighbours；　and　well　able　to　shelter　you。〃　　　　　This　they　said；　not　so　much　out　of　good　will　towards　the　Plataeans　as　because　they　wished　to　involve　the　Athenians　in　trouble　by　engaging　them　in　wars　with　the　Boeotians。　The　Plataeans；　however；　when　the　Lacedaemonians　gave　them　this　counsel；　complied　at　once；　and　when　the　sacrifice　to　the　Twelve　Gods　was　being　offered　at　Athens；　they　came　and　sat　as　suppliants　about　the　altar；　and　gave　themselves　up　to　the　Athenians。　The　Thebans　no　sooner　learnt　what　the　Plataeans　had　done　than　instantly　they　marched　out　against　them；　while　the　Athenians　sent　troops　to　their　aid。　As　the　two　armies　were　about　to　join　battle；　the　Corinthians；　who　chanced　to　be　at　hand；　would　not　allow　them　to　engage；　both　sides　consented　to　take　them　for　arbitrators；　whereupon　they　made　up　the　quarrel；　and　fixed　the　boundary…line　between　the　two　states　upon　this　condition：　to　wit；　that　if　any　of　the　Boeotians　wished　no　longer　to　belong　to　Boeotia；　the　Thebans　should　allow　them　to　follow　their　own　inclinations。　The　Corinthians；　when　they　had　thus　decreed；　forthwith　departed　to　their　homes：　the　Athenians　likewise　set　off　on　their　return；　but　the　Boeotians　fell　upon　them　during　the　march；　and　a　battle　was　fought　wherein　they　were　worsted　by　the　Athenians。　Hereupon　these　last　would　not　be　bound　by　the　line　which　the　Corinthians　had　fixed；　but　advanced　beyond　those　limits；　and　made　the　Asopus　the　boundary…line　between　the　country　of　the　Thebans　and　that　of　the　Plataeans　and　Hysians。　Under　such　circumstances　did　the　Plataeans　give　themselves　up　to　Athens；　and　now　they　were　come　to　Marathon　to　bear　the　Athenians　aid。　　　　　The　Athenian　generals　were　divided　in　their　opinions；　and　some　advised　not　to　risk　a　battle；　because　they　were　too　few　to　engage　such　a　host　as　that　of　the　Medes；　while　others　were　for　fighting　at　once；　and　among　these　last　was　Miltiades。　He　therefore；　seeing　that　opinions　were　thus　divided；　and　that　the　less　worthy　counsel　appeared　likely　to　prevail；　resolved　to　go　to　the　Polemarch；　and　have　a　conference　with　him。　For　the　man　on　whom　the　lot　fell　to　be　Polemarch　at　Athens　was　entitled　to　give　his　vote　with　the　ten　generals；　since　anciently　the　Athenians　allowed　him　an　equal　right　of　voting　with　them。　The　Polemarch　at　this　juncture　was　Callimachus　of　Aphidnae；　to　him　therefore　Miltiades　went；　and　said：…　　　　　〃With　thee　it　rests；　Callimachus；　either　to　bring　Athens　to　slavery；　or；　by　securing　her　freedom；　to　leave　behind　thee　to　all　future　generations　a　memory　beyond　even　Harmodius　and　Aristogeiton。　For　never　since　the　time　that　the　Athenians　became　a　people　were　they　in　so　great　a　danger