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d　as　soon　as　ever　they　saw　the　Ionians　refuse　to　work；　hastened　gladly　to　provide　for　the　safety　of　their　temples　and　their　properties。　This　Aeaces；　who　made　the　overtures　to　the　Samians；　was　the　son　of　Syloson；　and　grandson　of　the　earlier　Aeaces。　He　had　formerly　been　tyrant　of　Samos；　but　was　ousted　from　his　government　by　Aristagoras　the　Milesian；　at　the　same　time　with　the　other　tyrants　of　the　Ionians。　　　　　The　Phoenicians　soon　afterwards　sailed　to　the　attack；　and　the　Ionians　likewise　put　themselves　in　line；　and　went　out　to　meet　them。　When　they　had　now　neared　one　another；　and　joined　battle；　which　of　the　Ionians　fought　like　brave　men　and　which　like　cowards；　I　cannot　declare　with　any　certainty；　for　charges　are　brought　on　all　sides；　but　the　tale　goes　that　the　Samians；　according　to　the　agreement　which　they　had　made　with　Aeaces；　hoisted　sail；　and　quitting　their　post　bore　away　for　Samos；　except　eleven　ships；　whose　captains　gave　no　heed　to　the　orders　of　the　commanders；　but　remained　and　took　part　in　the　battle。　The　state　of　Samos；　in　consideration　of　this　action；　granted　to　these　men；　as　an　acknowledgment　if　their　bravery；　the　honour　of　having　their　names；　and　the　names　of　their　fathers；　inscribed　upon　a　pillar；　which　still　stands　in　the　market…place。　The　Lesbians　also；　when　they　saw　the　Samians；　who　were　drawn　up　next　them；　begin　to　flee；　themselves　did　the　like；　and　the　example；　once　set；　was　followed　by　the　greater　number　of　the　Ionians。　　　　　Of　those　who　remained　and　fought；　none　were　so　rudely　handled　as　the　Chians；　who　displayed　prodigies　of　valour；　and　disdained　to　play　the　part　of　cowards。　They　furnished　to　the　common　fleet；　as　I　mentioned　above；　one　hundred　ships；　having　each　of　them　forty　armed　citizens；　and　those　picked　men；　on　board；　and　when　they　saw　the　greater　portion　of　the　allies　betraying　the　common　cause；　they　for　their　part；　scorning　to　imitate　the　base　conduct　of　these　traitors；　although　they　were　left　almost　alone　and　unsupported；　a　very　few　friends　continuing　to　stand　by　them；　notwithstanding　went　on　with　the　fight；　and　ofttimes　cut　the　line　of　the　enemy；　until　at　last；　after　they　had　taken　very　many　of　their　adversaries'　ships；　they　ended　by　losing　more　than　half　of　their　own。　Hereupon；　with　the　remainder　of　their　vessels；　the　Chians　fled　away　to　their　own　country。　　　　　As　for　such　of　their　ships　as　were　damaged　and　disabled；　these；　being　pursued　by　the　enemy；　made　straight　for　Mycale；　where　the　crews　ran　them　ashore；　and　abandoning　them　began　their　march　along　the　continent。　Happening　in　their　way　upon　the　territory　of　Ephesus；　they　essayed　to　cross　it；　but　here　a　dire　misfortune　befell　them。　It　was　night；　and　the　Ephesian　women　chanced　to　be　engaged　in　celebrating　the　Thesmophoria…　the　previous　calamity　of　the　Chians　had　not　been　heard　of…　so　when　the　Ephesians　saw　their　country　invaded　by　an　armed　band；　they　made　no　question　of　the　new…comers　being　robbers　who　purposed　to　carry　off　their　women；　and　accordingly　they　marched　out　against　them　in　full　force；　and　slew　them　all。　Such　were　the　misfortunes　which　befell　them　of　Chios。　　　　　Dionysius；　the　Phocaean；　when　he　perceived　that　all　was　lost；　having　first　captured　three　ships　from　the　enemy；　himself　took　to　flight。　He　would　not；　however；　return　to　Phocaea；　which　he　well　knew　must　fall　again；　like　the　rest　of　Ionia；　under　the　Persian　yoke；　but　straightway；　as　he　was；　he　set　sail　for　Phoenicia；　and　there　sunk　a　number　of　merchantmen；　and　gained　a　great　booty；　after　which　he　directed　his　course　to　Sicily；　where　he　established　himself　as　a　corsair；　and　plundered　the　Carthaginians　and　Tyrrhenians；　but　did　no　harm　to　the　Greeks。　　　　　The　Persians；　when　they　had　vanquished　the　Ionians　in　the　sea…fight；　besieged　Miletus　both　by　land　and　sea；　driving　mines　under　the　walls；　and　making　use　of　every　known　device；　until　at　length　they　took　both　the　citadel　and　the　town；　six　years　from　the　time　when　the　revolt　first　broke　out　under　Aristagoras。　All　the　inhabitants　of　the　city　they　reduced　to　slavery；　and　thus　the　event　tallied　with　the　announcement　which　had　been　made　by　the　oracle。　　　　　For　once　upon　a　time；　when　the　Argives　had　sent　to　Delphi　to　consult　the　god　about　the　safety　of　their　own　city；　a　prophecy　was　given　them；　in　which　others　besides　themselves　were　interested；　for　while　it　bore　in　part　upon　the　fortunes　of　Argos；　it　touched　in　a　by…clause　the　fate　of　the　men　of　Miletus。　I　shall　set　down　the　portion　which　concerned　the　Argives　when　I　come　to　that　part　of　my　History；　mentioning　at　present　only　the　passage　in　which　the　absent　Milesians　were　spoken　of。　This　passage　was　as　follows：…

　　　　Then　shalt　thou；　Miletus；　so　oft　the　contriver　of　evil；　　　　　Be；　thyself；　to　many　a　least　and　an　excellent　booty：　　　　　Then　shall　thy　matrons　wash　the　feet　of　long…haired　masters…　　　　　Others　shall　then　possess　our　lov'd　Didymian　temple。

Such　a　fate　now　befell　the　Milesians；　for　the　Persians；　who　wore　their　hair　long；　after　killing　most　of　the　men；　made　the　women　and　children　slaves；　and　the　sanctuary　at　Didyma；　the　oracle　no　less　than　the　temple　was　plundered　and　burnt；　of　the　riches　whereof　I　have　made　frequent　mention　in　other　parts　of　my　History。　　　　　Those　of　the　Milesians　whose　lives　were　spared；　being　carried　prisoners　to　Susa；　received　no　ill　treatment　at　the　hands　of　King　Darius；　but　were　established　by　him　in　Ampe；　a　city　on　the　shores　of　the　Erythraean　sea；　near　the　spot　where　the　Tigris　flows　into　it。　Miletus　itself；　and　the　plain　about　the　city；　were　kept　by　the　Persians　for　themselves；　while　the　hill…country　was　assigned　to　the　Carians　of　Pedasus。　　　　　And　now　the　Sybarites；　who　after　the　loss　of　their　city　occupied　Laus　and　Scidrus；　failed　duly　to　return　the　former　kindness　of　the　Milesians。　For　these　last；　when　Sybaris　was　taken　by　the　Crotoniats；　made　a　great　mourning；　all　of　them；　youths　as　well　as　men；　shaving　their　heads；　since　Miletus　and　Sybaris　were；　of　all　the　cities　whereof　we　have　any　knowledge；　the　two　most　closely　united　to　one　another。　The　Athenians；　on　the　other　hand；　showed　themselves　beyond　measure　afflicted　at　the　fall　of　Miletus；　in　many　ways　expressing　their　sympathy；　and　especially　by　their　treatment　of　Phrynichus。　For　when　this　poet　brought　out　upon　the　stage　his　drama　of　the　Capture　of　Miletus；　the　whole　theatre　burst　into　tears；　and　the　people　sentenced　him　to　pay　a　fine　of　a　thousand　drachms；　for　recalling　to　them　their　own　misfortunes。　They　likewise　made　a　law　that　no　one　should　ever　again　exhibit　that　piece。　　　　　Thus　was　Miletus　bereft　of　its　inhabitants。　In　Samos　the　people　of　the　richer　sort　were　much　displeased　with　the　doings　of　the　captains；　and　the　dealings　they　had　had　the　Medes；　they　therefore　held　a　council；　very　shortly　after　the　sea…fight；　and　resolved　that　they　would　not　remain　to　become　the　slaves　of　Aeaces　and　the　Persians；　but　before　the　tyrant　set　foot　in　their　country；　would　sail　away　and　found　a　colony　in　another　land。　Now　it　chanced　that　about　this　time　the　Zanclaeans　of　Sicily　had　sent　ambassadors　to　the　Ionians；　and　invited　them　to　Kale…Acte　where　they　wished　an　Ionian　city　to　be　founded。　This　place；　Kale…Acte　（or　the　Fair　Strand）　as　it　is　called；　is　in　the　country　of　the　Sicilians；　and　is　situated　in　the　part　of　Sicily　which　looks　towards　Tyrrhenia。　The　offer　thus　made　to　all　the　Ionians　was　embraced　only　by　the　Samians；　and　by　such　of　the　Milesians　as　had　contrived　to　effect　their　escape。　　　　　Hereupon　this　is　what　ensued。　The　Samians　on　their　voyage　reached　the　country　of　the　Epizephyrian　Locrians；　at　a　time　when　the　Zanclaeans　and　their　king　Scythas　were　engaged　in　the　siege　of　a　Sicilian　town　which　they　hoped　to　take。　Anaxilaus；　tyrant　of　Rhegium；　who　was　on　ill　terms　with　the　Zanclaeans　knowing　how　matters　stood；　made　application　to　the　Samians；　and　persuaded　them　to　give　up　the　thought　of　Kale…Acte　the　place　to　which　they　were　bound；　and　to　seize　Zancle　itself；　which　was　left　without　men。　The　Samians　followed　this　counsel　and　possessed　themselves　of　the　town；　which　the　Zanclaeans　no　sooner　heard　than　they　hurried　to　the　rescue；　calling　to　their　aid　Hippocrates；　tyrant　of　Gela；　who　was　one　of　their　allies。　Hippocrates　came　with　his　army　to　their　assistance；　but　on　his　arrival　he　seized　Scythas；　the　Zanclaean　king；　who　had　jus