the history-第109章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
e married to daughters of the king； after pursuing the Ionians who had fought at Sardis； defeating them； and driving them to their ships； divided their efforts against the different cities； and proceeded in succession to take and sack each one of them。 Daurises attacked the towns upon the Hellespont； and took in as many days the five cities of Dardanus； Abydos； Percote； Lampsacus； and Paesus。 From Paesus he marched against Parium； but on his way receiving intelligence that the Carians had made common cause with the Ionians； and thrown off the Persian yoke； he turned round； and； leaving the Hellespont； marched away towards Caria。 The Carians by some chance got information of this movement before Daurises arrived； and drew together their strength to a place called 〃the White Columns；〃 which is on the river Marsyas； a stream running from the Idrian country； and emptying itself into the Maeander。 Here when they were met； many plans were put forth； but the best； in my judgment； was that of Pixodarus； the son of Mausolus； a Cindyan； who was married to a daughter of Syennesis； the Cilician king。 His advice was that the Carians should cross the Maeander； and fight with the river at their back； that so； all chance of flight being cut off； they might be forced to stand their ground； and have their natural courage raised to a still higher pitch。 His opinion； however； did not prevail； it was thought best to make the enemy have the Maeander behind them； that so； if they were defeated in the battle and put to flight； they might have no retreat open； but be driven headlong into the river。 The Persians soon afterwards approached； and； crossing the Maeander； engaged the Carians upon the banks of the Marsyas； where for a long time the battle was stoutly contested； but at last the Carians were defeated； being overpowered by numbers。 On the side of the Persians there fell 2000； while the Carians had not fewer than 10；000 slain。 Such as escaped from the field of battle collected together at Labranda； in the vast precinct of Jupiter Stratius… a deity worshipped only by the Carians… and in the sacred grove of plane…trees。 Here they deliberated as to the best means of saving themselves； doubting whether they would fare better if they gave themselves up to the Persians； or if they abandoned Asia for ever。 As they were debating these matters a body of Milesians and allies came to their assistance； whereupon the Carians； dismissing their former thoughts； prepared themselves afresh for war； and on the approach of the Persians gave them battle a second time。 They were defeated； however； with still greater loss than before； and while all the troops engaged suffered severely； the blow fell with most force on the Milesians。 The Carians； some while after； repaired their ill fortune in another action。 Understanding that the Persians were about to attack their cities； they laid an ambush for them on the road which leads to Pedasus； the Persians； who were making a night…march； fell into the trap； and the whole army was destroyed； together with the generals； Daurises； Amorges； and Sisimaces： Myrsus too； the son of Gyges； was killed at the same time。 The leader of the ambush was Heraclides； the son of Ibanolis； a man of Mylasa。 Such was the way in which these Persians perished。 In the meantime Hymeas； who was likewise one of those by whom the Ionians were pursued after their attack on Sardis； directing his course towards the Propontis； took Cius； a city of Mysia。 Learning； however； that Daurises had left the Hellespont； and was gone into Caria； he in his turn quitted the Propontis； and marching with the army under his command to the Hellespont； reduced all the Aeolians of the Troad； and likewise conquered the Gergithae； a remnant of the ancient Teucrians。 He did not； however； quit the Troad； but； after gaining these successes； was himself carried off by disease。 After his death； which happened as have related； Artaphernes； the satrap of Sardis； and Otanes； the third general； were directed to undertake the conduct of the war against Ionia and the neighbouring Aeolis。 By them Clazomenae in the former； and Cyme in the latter； were recovered。 As the cities fell one after another； Aristagoras the Milesian （who was in truth； as he now plainly showed； a man of but little courage）； notwithstanding that it was he who had caused the disturbances in Ionia and made so great a commotion； began； seeing his danger； to look about for means of escape。 Being convinced that it was in vain to endeavour to overcome King Darius； he called his brothers…in…arms together； and laid before them the following project：… 〃'Twould be well；〃 he said； 〃to have some place of refuge； in case they were driven out of Miletus。 Should he go out at the head of a colony to Sardinia； or should he sail to Myrcinus in Edonia； which Histiaeus had received as a gift from King Darius； and had begun to fortify？〃 To this question of Aristagoras； Hecataeus； the historian； son of Hegesander； made answer that in his judgement neither place was suitable。 〃Aristagoras should build a fort；〃 he said； 〃in the island of Leros； and； if driven from Miletus； should go there and bide his time； from Leros attacks might readily be made； and he might re…establish himself in Miletus。〃 Such was the advice given by Hecataeus。 Aristagoras； however； was bent on retiring to Myrcinus。 Accordingly； he put the government of Miletus into the hands of one of the chief citizens； named Pythagoras； and； taking with him all who liked to go； sailed to Thrace； and there made himself master of the place in question。 From thence he proceeded to attack the Thracians； but here he was cut off with his whole army； while besieging a city whose defenders were anxious to accept terms of surrender。 The Sixth Book； Entitled ERATO
ARISTAGORAS； the author of the Ionian revolt； perished in the way which I have described。 Meanwhile Histiaeus； tyrant of Miletus； who had been allowed by Darius to leave Susa； came down to Sardis。 On his arrival； being asked by Artaphernes； the Sardian satrap； what he thought was the reason that the Ionians had rebelled； he made answer that he could not conceive； and it had astonished him greatly； pretending to be quite unconscious of the whole business。 Artaphernes； however； who perceived that he was dealing dishonestly； and who had in fact full knowledge of the whole history of the outbreak； said to him； 〃I will tell thee how the case stands； Histiaeus： this shoe is of thy stitching； Aristagoras has but put it on。〃 Such was the remark made by Artaphernes concerning the rebellion。 Histiaeus； alarmed at the knowledge which he displayed； so soon as night fell； fled away to the coast。 Thus he forfeited his word to Darius； for though he had pledged himself to bring Sardinia； the biggest island in the whole world； under the Persian yoke； he in reality sought to obtain the direction of the war against the king。 Crossing over to Chios； he was there laid in bonds by the inhabitants； who accused him of intending some mischief against them in the interest of Darius。 However； when the whole truth was laid before them； and they found that Histiaeus was in reality a foe to the king； they forthwith set him at large again。 After this the Ionians inquired of him for what reason he had so strongly urged Aristagoras to revolt from the king； thereby doing their nation so ill a service。 In reply； he took good care not to disclose to them the real cause； but told them that King Darius had intended to remove the Phoenicians from their own country； and place them in Ionia； while he planted the Ionians in Phoenicia； and that it was for this reason he sent Aristagoras the order。 Now it was not true that the king had entertained any such intention； but Histiaeus succeeded hereby in arousing the fears of the Ionians。 After this； Histiaeus； by means of a certain Hermippus； a native of Atarneus； sent letters to many of the Persians in Sardis； who had before held some discourse with him concerning a revolt。 Hermippus； however； instead of conveying them to the persons to whom they were addressed； delivered them into the hands of Artaphernes； who； perceiv
