a record of buddhistic kingdoms(·ð¶¼¼Ç¼)-µÚ18ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
prescribe¡££§10£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Where¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡monks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡resides£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡erect¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡topes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
Sariputtra£»£§11£§¡¡to¡¡Maha¡maudgalyayana£»£§12£§¡¡and¡¡to¡¡Ananda£»£§13£§¡¡and¡¡also¡¡
topes¡¡£¨in¡¡honour£©¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Abhidharma£»¡¡the¡¡Vinaya£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Sutras¡£¡¡A¡¡month¡¡
after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨annual¡¡¡¡¡¡season¡¡¡¡¡¡of£©¡¡¡¡¡¡rest£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡families¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡looking¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
blessing¡¡¡¡¡¡stimulate¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡another£§14£§¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡offerings¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡monks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
send¡¡round¡¡to¡¡them¡¡the¡¡liquid¡¡food¡¡which¡¡may¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ordinary¡¡
hours¡£¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡monks¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡in¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡assembly£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡preach¡¡the¡¡
Law£»£§15£§¡¡after¡¡which¡¡offerings¡¡are¡¡presented¡¡at¡¡the¡¡tope¡¡of¡¡Sariputtra£»¡¡with¡¡
all¡¡¡¡¡¡kinds¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡incense¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡night¡¡¡¡¡¡lamps¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡kept¡¡
burning£»¡¡and¡¡skilful¡¡musicians¡¡are¡¡employed¡¡to¡¡perform¡££§16£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡Sariputtra¡¡was¡¡a¡¡great¡¡Brahman£»¡¡he¡¡went¡¡to¡¡Buddha£»¡¡and¡¡begged¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡67¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡68¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
£¨to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡permitted£©¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡quit¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡family¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨and¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡monk£©¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡
Mugalan¡¡and¡¡the¡¡great¡¡Kasyapa£§17£§¡¡also¡¡did¡¡the¡¡same¡£¡¡The¡¡bhikshunis£§18£§¡¡
for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡offerings¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tope¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡Ananda£»¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
was¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡requested¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡World¡honoured¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡allow¡¡¡¡¡¡females¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡quit¡¡
their¡¡families¡¡£¨and¡¡become¡¡nuns£©¡£¡¡The¡¡Sramaneras£§19£§¡¡mostly¡¡make¡¡their¡¡
offerings¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Rahula¡££§20£§¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡professors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Abhidharma¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
offerings¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Vinaya¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Every¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡
offering£»¡¡and¡¡each¡¡class¡¡has¡¡its¡¡own¡¡day¡¡for¡¡it¡£¡¡Students¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mahayana¡¡
present¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡offerings¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Prajna¡paramita£»£§21£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡Manjusri£»£§22£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
Kwan¡she¡yin¡££§23£§¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡monks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡done¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡receiving¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡annual¡¡
tribute¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡harvests£©£»£§24£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Heads¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Vaisyas¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Brahmans¡¡bring¡¡clothes¡¡and¡¡other¡¡such¡¡articles¡¡as¡¡the¡¡monks¡¡require¡¡for¡¡
use£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡distribute¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡monks£»¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡received¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡
proceed¡¡to¡¡give¡¡portions¡¡to¡¡one¡¡another¡£¡¡From¡¡the¡¡nirvana¡¡of¡¡Buddha£»£§25£§¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡ceremony£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡laws£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rules£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡practised¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sacred¡¡
communities£»¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡handed¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡generation¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡
without¡¡interruption¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡travellers£©¡¡¡¡¡¡crossed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Indus¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Southern¡¡
India£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Southern¡¡Sea£»¡¡a¡¡distance¡¡of¡¡forty¡¡or¡¡fifty¡¡thousand¡¡le£»¡¡
all¡¡is¡¡level¡¡plain¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡no¡¡large¡¡hills¡¡with¡¡streams¡¡£¨among¡¡them£©£»¡¡there¡¡
are¡¡simply¡¡the¡¡waters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rivers¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡68¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡69¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡NOTES¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§1£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Muttra£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡peacock¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡city£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡lat¡£¡¡¡¡27d¡¡¡¡¡¡30s¡¡¡¡¡¡N¡££»¡¡¡¡lon¡£¡¡¡¡77d¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡43s¡¡¡¡¡¡E¡£¡¡
£¨Hunter£©£»¡¡the¡¡birthplace¡¡of¡¡Krishna£»¡¡whose¡¡emblem¡¡is¡¡the¡¡peacock¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§2£§¡¡This¡¡must¡¡be¡¡the¡¡Jumna£»¡¡or¡¡Yamuna¡£¡¡Why¡¡it¡¡is¡¡called£»¡¡as¡¡here£»¡¡the¡¡
P'oo¡na¡¡has¡¡yet¡¡to¡¡be¡¡explained¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§3£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡Pali£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Majjhima¡desa£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡Middle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Country¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡See¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Davids'¡¡
¡¨Buddhist¡¡Birth¡¡Stories£»¡¨¡¡page¡¡61£»¡¡note¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§4£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Eitel¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨pp¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡145£»¡¡¡¡¡¡6£©¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡Chandalas¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡explained¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
'butchers£»'¡¡'wicked¡¡men£»'¡¡and¡¡those¡¡who¡¡carry¡¡'the¡¡awful¡¡flag£»'¡¡to¡¡warn¡¡off¡¡
their¡¡¡¡¡¡betters£»the¡¡¡¡¡¡lowest¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡despised¡¡¡¡¡¡caste¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡India£»¡¡¡¡¡¡members¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
which£»¡¡however£»¡¡when¡¡converted£»¡¡were¡¡admitted¡¡even¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ranks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
priesthood¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§5£§¡¡¡¨Cowries£»¡¨¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡£û¡££ý£»¡¡not¡¡¡¨shells¡¡and¡¡ivory£»¡¨¡¡as¡¡one¡¡might¡¡suppose£»¡¡
but¡¡cowries¡¡alone£»¡¡the¡¡second¡¡term¡¡entering¡¡into¡¡the¡¡name¡¡from¡¡the¡¡marks¡¡
inside¡¡the¡¡edge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡shell£»¡¡resembling¡¡¡¨the¡¡teeth¡¡of¡¡fishes¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§6£§¡¡¡¡¡¡See¡¡¡¡¡¡chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡xii£»¡¡¡¡¡¡note¡¡¡¡¡¡3£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Buddha's¡¡¡¡¡¡pari¡nirvana¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡equivalent¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
Buddha's¡¡death¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§7£§¡¡See¡¡chapter¡¡xiii£»¡¡note¡¡6¡£¡¡The¡¡order¡¡of¡¡the¡¡characters¡¡is¡¡different¡¡here£»¡¡
but¡¡with¡¡the¡¡same¡¡meaning¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§8£§¡¡¡¡See¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡preparation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡deed¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡grant¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡special¡¡¡¡¡¡case£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡
related¡¡in¡¡chapter¡¡xxxix¡£¡¡No¡¡doubt¡¡in¡¡Fa¡hien's¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡long¡¡before¡¡and¡¡
after¡¡it£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡custom¡¡to¡¡engrave¡¡such¡¡deeds¡¡on¡¡plates¡¡of¡¡metal¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§9£§¡¡¡¡¡¨No¡¡¡¡¡¡monk¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡eat¡¡solid¡¡¡¡¡¡food¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡sunrise¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡noon£»¡¨¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡total¡¡¡¡abstinence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡intoxicating¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡drinks¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡obligatory¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Davids'¡¡
Manual£»¡¡p¡£¡¡163£©¡£¡¡Food¡¡eaten¡¡at¡¡any¡¡other¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day¡¡is¡¡called¡¡vikala£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forbidden£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡weary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡traveller¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unseasonable¡¡
refreshment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡consisting£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Watters¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡shown¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Ch¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Rev¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡viii¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡282£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
honey£»¡¡butter£»¡¡treacle£»¡¡and¡¡sesamum¡¡oil¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§10£§¡¡The¡¡expression¡¡here¡¡is¡¡somewhat¡¡perplexing£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡occurs¡¡again¡¡
in¡¡chapter¡¡xxxviii£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡is¡¡clear¡£¡¡See¡¡Watters£»¡¡Ch¡£¡¡Rev¡£¡¡viii¡£¡¡282£»¡¡
3¡£¡¡The¡¡rules¡¡are¡¡given¡¡at¡¡length¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Sacred¡¡Books¡¡of¡¡the¡¡East£»¡¡vol¡£¡¡xx£»¡¡p¡£¡¡
272¡¡and¡¡foll¡££»¡¡and¡¡p¡£¡¡279¡¡and¡¡foll¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§11£§¡¡¡¡Sariputtra¡¡¡¡£¨Singh¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Seriyut£©¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡principal¡¡¡¡¡¡disciples¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡69¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡70¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
Buddha£»¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡the¡¡most¡¡learned¡¡and¡¡ingenious¡¡of¡¡them¡¡all£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡he¡¡
obtained¡¡the¡¡title¡¡of¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡£û¡££ý£»¡¡¡¨knowledge¡¡and¡¡wisdom¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡is¡¡also¡¡called¡¡
Buddha's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨right¡hand¡¡¡¡¡¡attendant¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡derived¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
mother¡¡Sarika£»¡¡the¡¡wife¡¡of¡¡Tishya£»¡¡a¡¡native¡¡of¡¡Nalanda¡£¡¡In¡¡Spence¡¡Hardy£»¡¡
he¡¡often¡¡appears¡¡under¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Upatissa¡¡£¨Upa¡¡¡tishya£©£»¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡
his¡¡father¡£¡¡Several¡¡Sastras¡¡are¡¡ascribed¡¡to¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡the¡¡followers¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡Abhidharma¡¡look¡¡on¡¡him¡¡as¡¡their¡¡founder¡£¡¡He¡¡died¡¡before¡¡Sakyamuni£»¡¡
but¡¡is¡¡to¡¡reappear¡¡as¡¡a¡¡future¡¡Buddha¡£¡¡Eitel£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡123£»¡¡124¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§12£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mugalan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Singhalese¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡disciple£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡
pronounceable¡£¡¡He¡¡also¡¡was¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡disciples£»¡¡called¡¡Buddha's¡¡
¡¨left¡hand¡¡¡¡¡¡attendant¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡distinguished¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡vision£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡
his¡¡¡¡¡¡magical¡¡¡¡¡¡powers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡text¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡derived¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡former¡¡
attribute£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡by¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡that¡¡he¡¡took¡¡up¡¡an¡¡artist¡¡to¡¡Tushita¡¡to¡¡get¡¡a¡¡
view¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Sakyamuni£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡statue¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Compare¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡similar¡¡
story¡¡in¡¡chap¡£¡¡vi¡££©¡¡He¡¡went¡¡to¡¡hell£»¡¡and¡¡released¡¡his¡¡mother¡£¡¡He¡¡also¡¡died¡¡
before¡¡Sakyamuni£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡to¡¡reappear¡¡as¡¡Buddha¡£¡¡Eitel£»¡¡p¡£¡¡65¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§13£§¡¡See¡¡chapter¡¡xii£»¡¡note¡¡2¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§14£§¡¡A¡¡¡¡passage¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡difficult¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡construe¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨families¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
those¡¡more¡¡devout¡¡than¡¡their¡¡neighbours¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§15£§¡¡One¡¡rarely¡¡hears¡¡this¡¡preaching¡¡in¡¡China¡£¡¡It¡¡struck¡¡me¡¡most¡¡as¡¡I¡¡
once¡¡heard¡¡it¡¡at¡¡Osaka¡¡in¡¡Japan¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡¡a¡¡pulpit¡¡in¡¡a¡¡large¡¡hall¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
temple£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡audience¡¡sat¡¡around¡¡on¡¡the¡¡matted¡¡floor¡£¡¡One¡¡priest¡¡took¡¡
the¡¡pulpit¡¡after¡¡another£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡hearers¡¡nodded¡¡their¡¡heads¡¡occasionally£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡indicated¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡sympathy¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡audible¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨h'm£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
reminded¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Carlyle's¡¡¡¡¡¡description¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡meetings¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡Ironsides¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Cromwell¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§16£§¡¡This¡¡last¡¡statement¡¡is¡¡wanting¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Chinese¡¡editions¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§17£§¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡Kasyapa¡¡¡¡¡¡Buddha£»¡¡¡¡¡¡anterior¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Sakyamuni¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡
Maha¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡kasyapa¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡Brahman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Magadha£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡converted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
Buddha£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡became¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡disciples¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lead¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡
Sakyamuni's¡¡death£»¡¡convoked¡¡and¡¡directed¡¡the¡¡first¡¡synod£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡his¡¡
title¡¡of¡¡Arya¡¡¡sthavira¡¡is¡¡derived¡£¡¡As¡¡the¡¡first¡¡compiler¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Canon£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡
considered¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fountain¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Chinese¡¡¡¡¡¡orthodoxy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡counted¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡
patriarch¡£¡¡He¡¡also¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡reborn¡¡as¡¡Buddha¡£¡¡Eitel£»¡¡p¡£¡¡64¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡