the athenian constitution-第18章

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ead　a　resolution　or　law　or　affidavit　or　treaty。　When；　however；　a　case　is　conducted　according　to　a　set　measurement　of　the　day；　he　does　not　stop　the　supply；　but　each　party　receives　an　equal　allowance　of　water。　The　standard　of　measurement　is　the　length　of　the　days　in　the　month　Poseideon。。。。　The　measured　day　is　employed　in　cases　when　imprisonment；　death；　exile；　loss　of　civil　rights；　or　confiscation　of　goods　is　assigned　as　the　penalty。

Part　68

　　Most　of　the　courts　consist　of　500　members。。。；　and　when　it　is　necessary　to　bring　public　cases　before　a　jury　of　1；000　members；　two　courts　combine　for　the　purpose；　the　most　important　cases　of　all　are　brought　1；500　jurors；　or　three　courts。　The　ballot　balls　are　made　of　brass　with　stems　running　through　the　centre；　half　of　them　having　the　stem　pierced　and　the　other　half　solid。　When　the　speeches　are　concluded；　the　officials　assigned　to　the　taking　of　the　votes　　give　each　juror　two　ballot　balls；　one　pierced　and　one　solid。　This　is　done　in　full　view　of　the　rival　litigants；　to　secure　that　no　one　shall　receive　two　pierced　or　two　solid　balls。　Then　the　official　designated　for　the　purpose　takes　away　the　jurors　staves；　in　return　for　　which　each　one　as　he　records　his　vote　receives　a　brass　voucher　market　with　the　numeral　3　（because　he　gets　three　obols　when　he　gives　it　up）。　This　is　to　ensure　that　all　shall　vote；　since　no　one　can　get　a　voucher　unless　he　votes。　Two　urns；　one　of　brass　and　the　other　of　wood；　stand　in　the　court；　in　distinct　spots　so　that　no　one　may　surreptitiously　insert　ballot　balls；　in　these　the　jurors　record　their　votes。　The　brazen　urn　is　for　effective　votes；　the　wooden　for　unused　votes；　and　the　brazen　urn　has　a　lid　pierced　so　as　to　take　only　one　ballot　ball；　in　order　that　no　one　may　put　in　two　at　a　time。　　　When　the　jurors　are　about　to　vote；　the　crier　demands　first　whether　the　litigants　enter　a　protest　against　any　of　the　evidence；　for　no　protest　can　be　received　after　the　voting　has　begun。　Then　he　proclaims　again；　'The　pierced　ballot　for　the　plaintiff；　the　solid　for　the　defendant'；　and　the　juror；　taking　his　two　ballot　balls　from　the　stand；　with　his　hand　closed　over　the　stem　so　as　not　to　　show　either　the　pierced　or　the　solid　ballot　to　the　litigants；　casts　the　one　which　is　to　count　into　the　brazen　urn；　and　the　other　into　the　wooden　urn。

Part　69

　　When　all　the　jurors　have　voted；　the　attendants　take　the　urn　containing　the　effective　votes　and　discharge　them　on　to　a　reckoning　board　having　as　many　cavities　as　there　are　ballot　balls；　so　that　the　effective　votes；　whether　pierced　or　solid；　may　be　plainly　displayed　and　easily　counted。　Then　the　officials　assigned　to　the　taking　of　the　votes　tell　them　off　on　the　board；　the　solid　in　one　place　and　the　pierced　in　another；　and　the　crier　announces　the　numbers　of　the　votes；　the　pierced　ballots　being　for　the　prosecutor　and　the　solid　for　the　defendant。　Whichever　has　the　majority　is　victorious；　but　if　the　votes　are　equal　the　verdict　is　for　the　defendant。　Each　juror　receives　two　ballots；　and　uses　one　to　record　his　vote；　and　throws　the　other　away。　　　Then；　if　damages　have　to　be　awarded；　they　vote　again　in　the　same　way；　first　returning　their　pay…vouchers　and　receiving　back　their　staves。　　Half　a　gallon　of　water　is　allowed　to　each　party　for　the　discussion　of　the　damages。　　Finally；　when　all　has　been　completed　in　accordance　with　the　law；　the　jurors　receive　their　pay　in　the　order　assigned　by　the　lot。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　THE　END　。