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第4章

of the epidemics-第4章

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passed through most of them; and appeared to be in an uncomfortable



way; and yet all who were attacked with these symptoms recovered。



All the symptoms which I have described occurred also to women and



girls; and whoever of them had any of these symptoms in a favorable



manner; or the menses appeared abundantly; were saved thereby; and had



a crisis; so that I do not know a single female who had any of these



favorably that died。 But the daughter of Philo; who had a copious



hemorrhage from the nose; and took supper unseasonably on the



seventh day; died。 In those cases of acute; and more especially of



ardent fevers; in which there is an involuntary discharge of tears;



you may expect a nasal hemorrhage unless the other symptoms be of a



fatal type; for in those of a bad description; they do not indicate



a hemorrhage; but death。



  12。 Swellings about the ears; with pain in fevers; sometimes when



the fever went off critically; neither subsided nor were converted



into pus; in these cases a bilious diarrhoea; or dysentery; or thick



urine having a sediment; carried off the disease; as happened to



Hermippus of Clazomenae。 The circumstances relating to crises; as



far as we can recognize them; were so far similar and so far



dissimilar。 Thus two brothers became ill at the same hour (they were



brothers of Epigenes; and lodged near the theatre); of these the elder



had a crisis on the sixth day; and the younger on the seventh; and



both had a relapse at the same hour; it then left them for five



days; and from the return of the fever both had a crisis together on



the seventeenth day。 Most had a crisis on the sixth day; it then



left them for six days; and from the relapse there was a crisis on the



fifth day。 But those who had a crisis on the seventh day; had an



intermission for seven days; and the crisis took place on the third



day after the relapse。 Those who had a crisis on the sixth day;



after an interval of six days were seized again on the third; and



having left them for one day; the fever attacked them again on the



next and came to a crisis; as happened to Evagon the son of



Daetharses。 Those in whom the crisis happened on the sixth day; had an



intermission of seven days; and from the relapse there was a crisis on



the fourth; as happened to the daughter of Aglaidas。 The greater



part of those who were taken ill under this constitution of things;



were affected in this manner; and I did not know a single case of



recovery; in which there was not a relapse agreeably to the stated



order of relapses; and all those recovered in which the relapses



took place according to this form: nor did I know a single instance of



those who then passed through the disease in this manner who had



another relapse。



  13。 In these diseases death generally happened on the sixth day;



as with Epaminondas; Silenus; and Philiscus the son of Antagoras。



Those who had parotid swellings experienced a crisis on the



twentieth day; but in all these cases the disease went off without



coming to a suppuration; and was turned upon the bladder。 But in



Cratistonax; who lived by the temple of Hercules; and in the maid



servant of Scymnus the fuller; it turned to a suppuration; and they



died。 Those who had a crisis on the seventh day; had an intermission



of nine days; and a relapse which came to a crisis on the fourth day



from the return of the fever; as was the case with Pantacles; who



resided close by the temple of Bacchus。 Those who had a crisis on



the seventh day; after an interval of six days had a relapse; from



which they had a crisis on the seventh day; as happened to



Phanocritus; who was lodged with Gnathon the fuller。 During the



winter; about the winter solstices; and until the equinox; the



ardent fevers and frenzies prevailed; and many died。 The crisis;



however; changed; and happened to the greater number on the fifth



day from the commencement; left them for four days and relapsed; and



after the return; there was a crisis on the fifth day; making in all



fourteen days。 The crisis took place thus in the case of most



children; also in elder persons。 Some had a crisis on the eleventh



day; a relapse on the fourteenth; a complete crisis on the



twentieth; but certain persons; who had a rigor about the twentieth;



had a crisis on the fortieth。 The greater part had a rigor along



with the original crisis; and these had also a rigor about the



crisis in the relapse。 There were fewest cases of rigor in the spring;



more in summer; still more in autumn; but by far the most in winter;



then hemorrhages ceased。



                         Sect。 III







  1。 With regard to diseases; the circumstances from which we form a



judgment of them are;… by attending to the general nature of all;



and the peculiar nature of each individual;… to the disease; the



patient; and the applications;… to the person who applies them; as



that makes a difference for better or for worse;… to the whole



constitution of the season; and particularly to the state of the



heavens; and the nature of each country;… to the patient's habits;



regimen; and pursuits;… to his conversation; manners; taciturnity;



thoughts; sleep; or absence of sleep; and sometimes his dreams; what



and when they occur;… to his picking and scratching;… to his tears;…



to the alvine discharges; urine; sputa; and vomitings; and to the



changes of diseases from the one into the other;… to the deposits;



whether of a deadly or critical character;… to the sweat; coldness;



rigor; cough; sneezing; hiccup; respiration; eructation; flatulence;



whether passed silently or with a noise;… to hemorrhages and



hemorrhoids;… from these; and their consequences; we must form our



judgment。



  2。 Fevers are;… the continual; some of which hold during the day and



have a remission at night; and others hold a remission during the day;



semi…tertians; tertians; quartans; quintans; septans; nonans。 The most



acute; strongest; most dangerous; and fatal diseases; occur in the



continual fever。 The least dangerous of all; and the mildest and



most protracted; is the quartan; for it is not only such from



itself; but it also carries off other great diseases。 In what is



called the semi…tertian; other acute diseases are apt to occur; and it



is the most fatal of all others; and moreover phthisical persons;



and those laboring under other protracted diseases; are apt to be



attacked by it。 The nocturnal fever is not very fatal; but protracted;



the diurnal is still more protracted; and in some cases passes into



phthisis。 The septan is protracted; but not fatal; the nonan more



protracted; and not fatal。 The true tertian comes quickly to a crisis;



and is not fatal; but the quintan is the worst of all; for it proves



fatal when it precedes an attack of phthisis; and when it supervenes



on persons who are already consumptive。 There are peculiar modes;



and constitutions; and paroxysms; in every one of these fevers; for



example;… the continual; in some cases at the very commencement;



grows; as it were; and attains its full strength; and rises to its



most dangerous pitch; but is diminished about and at the crisis; in



others it begins gentle and suppressed; but gains ground and is



exacerbated every day; and bursts forth with all its heat about and at



the crisis; while in others; again; it commences mildly; increases;



and is exacerbated until it reaches its acme; and then remits until at



and about the crisis。 These varieties occur in every fever; and in



every disease。 From these observations one must regulate the regimen



accordingly。 There are many other important symptoms allied to



these; part of which have been already noticed; and part will be



described afterwards; from a consideration of which one may judge; and



decided in each case; whether th

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