of the epidemics-第3章

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already　more　subdued；　these　cases　end　in　paralysis；　mania；　and　loss　of



sight。











　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Third　Constitution







　　7。　In　Thasus；　a　little　before　and　during　the　season　of　Arcturus；



there　were　frequent　and　great　rains；　with　northerly　winds。　About　the



equinox；　and　till　the　setting　of　the　Pleiades；　there　were　a　few



southerly　rains：　the　winter　northerly　and　parched；　cold；　with　great



winds　and　snow。　Great　storms　about　the　equinox；　the　spring



northerly；　dryness；　rains　few　and　cold。　About　the　summer　solstice；



scanty　rains；　and　great　cold　until　near　the　season　of　the　Dog…star。



After　the　Dog…days；　until　the　season　of　Arcturus；　the　summer　hot；



great　droughts；　not　in　intervals；　but　continued　and　severe：　no　rain；



the　Etesian　winds　blew；　about　the　season　of　Arcturus　southerly　rains



until　the　equinox。



　　8。　In　this　state　of　things；　during　winter；　paraplegia　set　in；　and



attacked　many；　and　some　died　speedily；　and　otherwise　the　disease



prevailed　much　in　an　epidemical　form；　but　persons　remained　free　from



all　other　diseases。　Early　in　the　spring；　ardent　fevers　commenced　and



continued　through　the　summer　until　the　equinox。　Those　then　that　were



attacked　immediately　after　the　commencement　of　the　spring　and



summer；　for　the　most　part　recovered；　and　but　few　of　them　died。　But



when　the　autumn　and　the　rains　had　set　in；　they　were　of　a　fatal



character；　and　the　greater　part　then　died。　When　in　these　attacks　of



ardent　fevers　there　was　a　proper　and　copious　hemorrhage　from　the　nose；



they　were　generally　saved　by　it；　and　I　do　not　know　a　single　person　who



had　a　proper　hemorrhage　who　died　in　this　constitution。　Philiscus；



Epaminon；　and　Silenus；　indeed；　who　had　a　trifling　epistaxis　on　the



fourth　and　fifth　day；　died。　Most　of　those　taken　with　had　a　rigor　about



the　time　of　the　crisis；　and　notably　those　who　had　no　hemorrhage；　these



had　also　rigor　associated。



　　9。　Some　were　attacked　with　jaundice　on　the　sixth　day；　but　these　were



benefited　either　by　an　urinary　purgation；　or　a　disorder　of　the　bowels；



or　a　copious　hemorrhage；　as　in　the　case　of　Heraclides；　who　was



lodged　with　Aristocydes：　this　person；　though　he　had　the　hemorrhage



from　the　nose；　the　purgation　by　the　bladder；　and　disorder　of　the



bowels；　experienced　a　favorable　crisis　on　the　twentieth　day；　not



like　the　servant　of　Phanagoras；　who　had　none　of　these　symptoms；　and



died。　The　hemorrhages　attacked　most　persons；　but　especially　young



persons　and　those　in　the　prime　of　life；　and　the　greater　part　of



those　who　had　not　the　hemorrhage　died：　elderly　persons　had　jaundice　or



disorder　of　the　bowels；　such　as　Bion；　who　was　lodged　with　Silenus。



Dysenteries　were　epidemical　during　the　summer；　and　some　of　those　cases



in　which　the　hemorrhage　occurred；　terminated　in　dysentery；　as　happened



to　the　slave　of　Eraton；　and　to　Mullus；　who　had　a　copious　hemorrhage；



which　settled　down　into　dysentery；　and　they　recovered。　This　humor



was　redundant　in　many　cases；　since　in　those　who　had　not　the　hemorrhage



about　the　crisis；　but　the　risings　about　the　ears　disappeared；　after



their　disappearance　there　was　a　sense　of　weight　in　the　left　flank



extending　to　the　extremity　of　the　hip；　and　pain　setting　in　after　the



crisis；　with　a　discharge　of　thin　urine；　they　began　to　have　small



hemorrhages　about　the　twenty…fourth　day；　and　the　swelling　was



converted　into　the　hemorrhage。　In　the　case　of　Antiphon；　the　son　of



Critobulus'　son；　the　fever　ceased　and　came　to　a　crisis　about　the



fortieth　day。



　　10。　Many　women　were　seized；　but　fewer　than　of　the　men；　and　there



were　fewer　deaths　among　them。　But　most　of　them　had　difficult



parturition；　and　after　labor　they　were　taken　ill；　and　these　most



especially　died；　as；　for　example；　the　daughter　of　Telebolus　died　on



the　sixth　day　after　delivery。　Most　females　had　the　menstrual　discharge



during　the　fever；　and　many　girls　had　it　then　for　the　first　time：　in



certain　individuals　both　the　hemorrhage　from　the　nose　and　the　menses



appeared；　thus；　in　the　case　of　the　virgin　daughter　of　Daetharses；



the　menses　then　took　place　for　the　first　time；　and　she　had　also　a



copinous　hemorrhage　from　the　nose；　and　I　knew　no　instance　of　any　one



dying　when　one　or　other　of　these　took　place　properly。　But　all　those　in



the　pregnant　state　that　were　attacked　had　abortions；　as　far　as　I



observed。　The　urine　in　most　cases　was　of　the　proper　color；　but　thin；



and　having　scanty　sediments：　in　most　the　bowels　were　disordered　with



thin　and　bilious　dejections；　and　many；　after　passing　through　the　other



crises；　terminated　in　dysenteries；　as　happened　to　Xenophanes　and



Critias。　The　urine　was　watery；　copious；　clear；　and　thin；　and　even



after　the　crises；　when　the　sediment　was　natural；　and　all　the　other



critical　symptoms　were　favorable；　as　I　recollect　having　happened　to



Bion；　who　was　lodged　in　the　house　of　Silenus；　and　Critias；　who　lived



with　Xenophanes；　the　slave　of　Areton；　and　the　wife　of　Mnesistratus。



But　afterwards　all　these　were　attacked　with　dysentery。　It　would　be



worth　while　to　inquire　whether　the　watery　urine　was　the　cause　of　this。



About　the　season　of　Arcturus　many　had　the　crisis　on　the　eleventh



day；　and　in　them　the　regular　relapses　did　not　take　place；　but　they



became　comatose　about　this　time；　especially　children；　but　there　were



fewest　deaths　of　all　among　them。



　　11。　About　the　equinox；　and　until　the　season　of　the　Pleiades；　and



at　the　approach　of　winter；　many　ardent　fevers　set　in；　but　great



numbers　at　that　season　were　seized　with　phrenitis；　and　many　died；　a



few　cases　also　occurred　during　the　summer。　These　then　made　their



attack　at　the　commencement　of　ardent　fevers；　which　were　attended



with　fatal　symptoms；　for　immediately　upon　their　setting　in；　there　were



acute　fever　and　small　rigors；　insomnolency；　aberration；　thirst；



nausea；　insignificant　sweats　about　the　forehead　and　clavicles；　but



no　general　perspiration；　they　had　much　delirious　talking；　fears；



despondency；　great　coldness　of　the　extremities；　in　the　feet；　but



more　especially　in　their　hands：　the　paroxysms　were　on　the　even　days；



and　in　most　cases；　on　the　fourth　day；　the　most　violent　pains　set　in；



with　sweats；　generally　coldish；　and　the　extremities　could　not　be



warmed；　but　were　livid　and　rather　cold；　and　they　had　then　no　thirst；



in　them　the　urine　was　black；　scanty；　thin；　and　the　bowels　were



constipated；　there　was　an　hemorrhage　from　the　nose　in　no　case　in　which



these　symptoms　occurred；　but　merely　a　trifling　epistaxis；　and　none



of　them　had　a　relapse；　but　they　died　on　the　sixth　day　with　sweats。



In　the　phrenitic　cases；　all　the　symptoms　which　have　been　described　did



not　occur；　but　in　them　the　disease　mostly　came　to　a　crisis　on　the



eleventh　day；　and　in　some　on　the　twentieth。　In　those　cases　in　which



the　phrenitis　did　not　begin　immediately；　but　about　the　third　or　fourth



day；　the　disease　was　moderate　at　the　commencement；　but　assumed　a



violent　character　about　the　seventh　day。　There　was　a　great　number　of



diseases；　and　of　those　affected；　they　who　died　were　principally



infants；　young　persons；　adults　having　smooth　bodies；　white　skins；



straight　and　black　hair；　dark　eyes；　those　living　recklessly　and



luxuriously；　persons　with　shrill；　or　rough　voices；　who　stammered　and



were　passionate；　and　women　more　especially　died　from　this　form。　In



this　constitution；　four　symptoms　in　particular　proved　salutary；　either



a　hemorrhage　from　the　nose；　or　a　copious　discharge　by　the　bladder　of



urine；　having　an　abundant　and　proper　sediment；　or　a　bilious　disorder



of　the　bowels　at　the　proper　time；　or　an　attack　of　dysentery。　And　in



many　cases　it　happened；　that　the　crisis　did　not　take　place　by　any



one　of　the　symptoms　which　have　been　mentioned；　but　the　patient



passed　through　most　of　them；　and　appeared　to　be　in　an　uncomfortable



way；　and　yet　all　who　were　attacked　with　these　symptoms　recovered。



All