贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > theologico-political treatise p1(神学与政治专题研究1) >

第23章

theologico-political treatise p1(神学与政治专题研究1)-第23章


按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!




kingdom。 (5) Isaiah teaches most plainly that the Divine law in its strict 

sense signifies that universal law which consists in a true manner of life; 

and    does   not   signify   ceremonial     observances。     (6)  In  chapter    i:10;  the 

prophet     calls  on   his  countrymen      to  hearken    to  the   Divine    law   as  he 

delivers it; and first excluding all kinds of sacrifices and all feasts; he at 

length sums up the law in these few words; 〃Cease to do evil; learn to do 

well:    seek    judgment;     relieve    the   oppressed。〃     (7)   Not    less  striking 

testimony   is   given   in   Psalm   xl:7…   9;   where   the   Psalmist   addresses   God: 

〃Sacrifice and offering Thou didst not desire; mine ears hast Thou opened; 

burnt offering and sin…offering hast Thou not required; I delight to do Thy 

will; 0 my God; yea; Thy law is within my heart。〃 (8) Here the Psalmist 

reckons as the law of God only that which is inscribed in his heart; and 



                                             66 


… Page 67…

                               A Theologico…Political Treatise 



excludes ceremonies therefrom; for the latter are good and inscribed on the 

heart   only   from   the   fact   of  their   institution;   and   not   because   of   their 

intrinsic value。 

     (9) Other passages of Scripture testify to the same truth; but these two 

will suffice。 (10) We may also learn from the Bible that ceremonies are no 

aid to blessedness; but only have reference to the temporal prosperity of 

the   kingdom;   for   the   rewards   promised   for   their   observance   are   merely 

temporal      advantages      and   delights;   blessedness      being   reserved     for  the 

universal   Divine   law。   (11)   In   all   the   five   books   commonly   attributed   to 

Moses nothing is promised; as I have said; beyond temporal benefits; such 

as honours; fame; victories; riches;  enjoyments; and health。 (12) Though 

many moral precepts besides ceremonies are contained in these five books; 

they appear not as moral doctrines universal to all men; but as commands 

especially     adapted     to  the  understanding       and   character    of   the  Hebrew 

people; and as having reference only to the welfare of the kingdom。 (13) 

For instance; Moses does not teach the Jews as a prophet not to kill or to 

steal; but gives these commandments solely as a lawgiver and judge; he 

does   not   reason   out   the   doctrine;   but   affixes   for   its   non…observance   a 

penalty which may and very properly does vary in different nations。 (14) 

So;    too;   the  command       not   to  commit     adultery    is  given    merely    with 

reference   to   the   welfare   of   the   state;   for   if   the   moral   doctrine   had   been 

intended; with reference not only to the welfare of the state; but also to the 

tranquillity     and    blessedness      of   the   individual;     Moses      would     have 

condemned not merely the outward act; but also the mental acquiescence; 

as is done by Christ; Who   taught only universal moral precepts; and   for 

this cause promises a spiritual instead of a temporal reward。 (15) Christ; as 

I have said; was sent into the world;  not to preserve the state nor to  lay 

down laws; but solely to teach the universal moral law; so we can easily 

understand that He wished in nowise to do away with the law of Moses; 

inasmuch as He introduced no new laws of His own … His sole care was to 

teach moral doctrines; and distinguish them from the laws of the state; for 

the Pharisees; in their ignorance; thought that the observance of the state 

law and the Mosaic law was the sum total of morality; whereas such laws 

merely   had   reference   to   the   public   welfare;   and   aimed   not   so   much   at 



                                              67 


… Page 68…

                              A Theologico…Political Treatise 



instructing the Jews as at keeping them under constraint。 (16) But let us 

return to our subject; and cite other passages of Scripture which set forth 

temporal      benefits   as   rewards    for   observing     the  ceremonial      law;  and 

blessedness as reward for the universal law。 

     (17) None of the prophets puts the point more clearly than Isaiah。 (18。) 

After   condemning   hypocrisy   he   commends   liberty   and   charity   towards 

one's self and one's neighbours; and promises as a reward: 〃Then shall thy 

light break forth as the morning; and thy health shall spring forth speedily; 

thy righteousness shall go before thee; and the glory of the Lord shall be 

thy    reward〃    (chap。   lviii:8)。  (19)   Shortly   afterwards     he  commends       the 

Sabbath; and for a due observance of it; promises: 〃Then shalt thou delight 

thyself in the Lord; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of 

the earth; and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth 

of the Lord has spoken it。〃 (20) Thus the prophet for liberty bestowed; and 

charitable works; promises a healthy mind in a healthy body; and the glory 

of the Lord even after death; whereas; for ceremonial exactitude; he only 

promises security of rule; prosperity; and temporal happiness。 

     (21) In   Psalms   xv。  and xxiv。  no mention   is   made   of   ceremonies;  but 

only of moral doctrines; inasmuch as there is no question of anything but 

blessedness; and blessedness is symbolically promised: it is quite certain 

that   the   expressions;   〃the   hill   of   God;〃   and   〃His   tents   and   the   dwellers 

therein;〃 refer to blessedness and security of soul; not to the actual mount 

of Jerusalem and the tabernacle of Moses; for these latter were not dwelt 

in by anyone; and only the sons of Levi ministered there。 (22) Further; all 

those sentences of Solomon to which I referred in the last chapter; for the 

cultivation of the intellect   and wisdom; promise  true blessedness; for  by 

wisdom is the fear of God at length understood; and the knowledge of God 

found。 

     (23)    That   the   Jews   themselves      were    not  bound     to  practise   their 

ceremonial observances after the destruction of their kingdom is evident 

from     Jeremiah。    (24)   For   when    the  prophet    saw    and   foretold   that  the 

desolation of the city was at hand; he said that God only delights in those 

who   know   and   understand   that   He   exercises   loving…kindness;   judgment; 

and righteousness in the earth; and that such persons only are worthy of 



                                             68 


… Page 69…

                               A Theologico…Political Treatise 



praise。 (Jer。 ix:23。) (25) As though God had said that; after the desolation 

of   the   city;   He   would   require   nothing   special   from  the   Jews   beyond   the 

natural law by which all men are bound。 

     (26)    The   New     Testament     also  confirms     this  view;   for   only   moral 

doctrines are therein taught; and the kingdom of heaven is promised as a 

reward;     whereas     ceremonial      observances      are   not  touched     on   by   the 

Apostles; after they began to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles。 (27) The 

Pharisees certainly continued to practise these rites after the destruction of 

the   kingdom;   but   more   with   a   view   of   opposing   the   Christians   than   of 

pleasing God: for after the first destruction of the city; when they were led 

captive to Babylon; not being then; so far as I am aware; split up into sects; 

they   straightway   neglected   their   rites;   bid   farewell   to   the   Mosaic   law; 

buried their national customs in oblivion as being plainly superfluous; and 

began to mingle with other nations; as we may abundantly learn from Ezra 

and Nehemiah。 (28) We cannot; therefore; doubt that they were no more 

bound by the law of Moses; after the destruction of their kingdom; than 

they had

返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0

你可能喜欢的