dead souls(死魂灵)-第60章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


be　asked　for　an　inclusive　definition　also　of　his　moral　personality。　That　he　is　no　hero　compounded　of　virtues　and　perfections　must　be　already　clear。　Then　WHAT　is　he？　A　villain？　Why　should　we　call　him　a　villain？　Why　should　we　be　so　hard　upon　a　fellow　man？　In　these　days　our　villains　have　ceased　to　exist。　Rather　it　would　be　fairer　to　call　him　an　ACQUIRER。　The　love　of　acquisition；　the　love　of　gain；　is　a　fault　common　to　many；　and　gives　rise　to　many　and　many　a　transaction　of　the　kind　generally　known　as　〃not　strictly　honourable。〃　True；　such　a　character　contains　an　element　of　ugliness；　and　the　same　reader　who；　on　his　journey　through　life；　would　sit　at　the　board　of　a　character　of　this　kind；　and　spend　a　most　agreeable　time　with　him；　would　be　the　first　to　look　at　him　askance　if　he　should　appear　in　the　guise　of　the　hero　of　a　novel　or　a　play。　But　wise　is　the　reader　who；　on　meeting　such　a　character；　scans　him　carefully；　and；　instead　of　shrinking　from　him　with　distaste；　probes　him　to　the　springs　of　his　being。　The　human　personality　contains　nothing　which　may　not；　in　the　twinkling　of　an　eye；　become　altogether　changednothing　in　which；　before　you　can　look　round；　there　may　not　spring　to　birth　some　cankerous　worm　which　is　destined　to　suck　thence　the　essential　juice。　Yes；　it　is　a　common　thing　to　see　not　only　an　overmastering　passion；　but　also　a　passion　of　the　most　petty　order；　arise　in　a　man　who　was　born　to　better　things；　and　lead　him　both　to　forget　his　greatest　and　most　sacred　obligations；　and　to　see　only　in　the　veriest　trifles　the　Great　and　the　Holy。　For　human　passions　are　as　numberless　as　is　the　sand　of　the　seashore；　and　go　on　to　become　his　most　insistent　of　masters。　Happy；　therefore；　the　man　who　may　choose　from　among　the　gamut　of　human　passions　one　which　is　noble！　Hour　by　hour　will　that　instinct　grow　and　multiply　in　its　measureless　beneficence；　hour　by　hour　will　it　sink　deeper　and　deeper　into　the　infinite　paradise　of　his　soul。　But　there　are　passions　of　which　a　man　cannot　rid　himself；　seeing　that　they　are　born　with　him　at　his　birth；　and　he　has　no　power　to　abjure　them。　Higher　powers　govern　those　passions；　and　in　them　is　something　which　will　call　to　him；　and　refuse　to　be　silenced；　to　the　end　of　his　life。　Yes；　whether　in　a　guise　of　darkness；　or　whether　in　a　guise　which　will　become　converted　into　a　light　to　lighten　the　world；　they　will　and　must　attain　their　consummation　on　life's　field：　and　in　either　case　they　have　been　evoked　for　man's　good。　In　the　same　way　may　the　passion　which　drew　our　Chichikov　onwards　have　been　one　that　was　independent　of　himself；　in　the　same　way　may　there　have　lurked　even　in　his　cold　essence　something　which　will　one　day　cause　men　to　humble　themselves　in　the　dust　before　the　infinite　wisdom　of　God。

Yet　that　folk　should　be　dissatisfied　with　my　hero　matters　nothing。　What　matters　is　the　fact　that；　under　different　circumstances；　their　approval　could　have　been　taken　as　a　foregone　conclusion。　That　is　to　say；　had　not　the　author　pried　over…deeply　into　Chichikov's　soul；　nor　stirred　up　in　its　depths　what　shunned　and　lay　hidden　from　the　light；　nor　disclosed　those　of　his　hero's　thoughts　which　that　hero　would　have　not　have　disclosed　even　to　his　most　intimate　friend；　had　the　author；　indeed；　exhibited　Chichikov　just　as　he　exhibited　himself　to　the　townsmen　of　N。　and　Manilov　and　the　rest；　well；　then　we　may　rest　assured　that　every　reader　would　have　been　delighted　with　him；　and　have　voted　him　a　most　interesting　person。　For　it　is　not　nearly　so　necessary　that　Chichikov　should　figure　before　the　reader　as　though　his　form　and　person　were　actually　present　to　the　eye　as　that；　on　concluding　a　perusal　of　this　work；　the　reader　should　be　able　to　return；　unharrowed　in　soul；　to　that　cult　of　the　card…table　which　is　the　solace　and　delight　of　all　good　Russians。　Yes；　readers　of　this　book；　none　of　you　really　care　to　see　humanity　revealed　in　its　nakedness。　〃Why　should　we　do　so？〃　you　say。　〃What　would　be　the　use　of　it？　Do　we　not　know　for　ourselves　that　human　life　contains　much　that　is　gross　and　contemptible？　Do　we　not　with　our　own　eyes　have　to　look　upon　much　that　is　anything　but　comforting？　Far　better　would　it　be　if　you　would　put　before　us　what　is　comely　and　attractive；　so　that　we　might　forget　ourselves　a　little。〃　In　the　same　fashion　does　a　landowner　say　to　his　bailiff：　〃Why　do　you　come　and　tell　me　that　the　affairs　of　my　estate　are　in　a　bad　way？　I　know　that　without　YOUR　help。　Have　you　nothing　else　to　tell　me？　Kindly　allow　me　to　forget　the　fact；　or　else　to　remain　in　ignorance　of　it；　and　I　shall　be　much　obliged　to　you。〃　Whereafter　the　said　landowner　probably　proceeds　to　spend　on　his　diversion　the　money　which　ought　to　have　gone　towards　the　rehabilitation　of　his　affairs。

Possibly　the　author　may　also　incur　censure　at　the　hands　of　those　so…called　〃patriots〃　who　sit　quietly　in　corners；　and　become　capitalists　through　making　fortunes　at　the　expense　of　others。　Yes；　let　but　something　which　they　conceive　to　be　derogatory　to　their　country　occurfor　instance；　let　there　be　published　some　book　which　voices　the　bitter　truthand　out　they　will　come　from　their　hiding…places　like　a　spider　which　perceives　a　fly　to　be　caught　in　its　web。　〃Is　it　well　to　proclaim　this　to　the　world；　and　to　set　folk　talking　about　it？〃　they　will　cry。　〃What　you　have　described　touches　US；　is　OUR　affair。　Is　conduct　of　that　kind　right？　What　will　foreigners　say？　Does　any　one　care　calmly　to　sit　by　and　hear　himself　traduced？　Why　should　you　lead　foreigners　to　suppose　that　all　is　not　well　with　us；　and　that　we　are　not　patriotic？〃　Well；　to　these　sage　remarks　no　answer　can　really　be　returned；　especially　to　such　of　the　above　as　refer　to　foreign　opinion。　But　see　here。　There　once　lived　in　a　remote　corner　of　Russia　two　natives　of　the　region　indicated。　One　of　those　natives　was　a　good　man　named　Kifa　Mokievitch；　and　a　man　of　kindly　disposition；　a　man　who　went　through　life　in　a　dressing…gown；　and　paid　no　heed　to　his　household；　for　the　reason　that　his　whole　being　was　centred　upon　the　province　of　speculation；　and　that；　in　particular；　he　was　preoccupied　with　a　philosophical　problem　usually　stated　by　him　thus：　〃A　beast；〃　he　would　say；　〃is　born　naked。　Now；　why　should　that　be？　Why　should　not　a　beast　be　born　as　a　bird　is　bornthat　is　to　say；　through　the　process　of　being　hatched　from　an　egg？　Nature　is　beyond　the　understanding；　however　much　one　may　probe　her。〃　This　was　the　substance　of　Kifa　Mokievitch's　reflections。　But　herein　is　not　the　chief　point。　The　other　of　the　pair　was　a　fellow　named　Mofi　Kifovitch；　and　son　to　the　first　named。　He　was　what　we　Russians　call　a　〃hero；〃　and　while　his　father　was　pondering　the　parturition　of　beasts；　his；　the　son's；　lusty；　twenty…year…old　temperament　was　violently　struggling　for　development。　Yet　that　son　could　tackle　nothing　without　some　accident　occurring。　At　one　moment　would　he　crack　some　one's　fingers　in　half；　and　at　another　would　he　raise　a　bump　on　somebody's　nose；　so　that　both　at　home　and　abroad　every　one　and　everythingfrom　the　serving…maid　to　the　yard…dogfled　on　his　approach；　and　even　the　bed　in　his　bedroom　became　shattered　to　splinters。　Such　was　Mofi　Kifovitch；　and　with　it　all　he　had　a　kindly　soul。　But　herein　is　not　the　chief　point。　〃Good　sir；　good　Kifa　Mokievitch；〃　servants　and　neighbours　would　come　and　say　to　the　father；　〃what　are　you　going　to　do　about　your　Moki　Kifovitch？　We　get　no　rest　from　him；　he　is　so　above　himself。〃　〃That　is　only　his　play；　that　is　only　his　play；〃　the　father　would　reply。　〃What　else　can　you　expect？　It　is　too　late　now　to　start　a　quarrel　with　him；　and；　moreover；　every　one　would　accuse　me　of　harshness。　True；　he　is　a　little　conceited；　but；　were　I　to　reprove　him　in　public；　the　whole　thing　would　become　common　talk；　and　folk　would　begin　giving　him　a　dog's　name。　And　if　they　did　that；　would　not　their　opinion　touch　me　also；　seeing　that　I　am　his　father？　Also；　I　am　busy　with　philosophy；　and　have　no　time　for　such　things。　Lastly；　Moki　Kifovitch　is　my　son；　and　very　dear　to　my　heart。〃　And；　beating　his　breast；　Kifa　Mokievitch　again　asserted　that；　even　though　his　son　should　elect　to　continue　his　pranks；　it　would　not　be　for　HIM；　for　the　father；　to　proclaim　the　fact；　or　to　fall　out　with　his　offspring。　And；　this　expression　of　paternal　feeling　uttered；　Kifa　Mokievitch　left　Moki　Kifovitch　to　his　heroic　explo