proposed roads to freedom(通往自由之路)-第49章
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better world is disagreeable。 But this question is now a very different one
from what it was a hundred years ago。 The decline of the birth…rate in all
civilized countries； which is pretty certain to continue； whatever economic
system is adopted； suggests that； especially when the probable effects of
the war are taken into account； the population of Western Europe is not
likely to increase very much beyond its present level； and that of America
is likely only to increase through immigration。 Negroes may continue to
increase in the tropics； but are not likely to be a serious menace to the
white inhabitants of temperate regions。 There remains； of course； the
Yellow Peril； but by the time that begins to be serious it is quite likely that
the birth…rate will also have begun to decline among the races of Asia If
not； there are other means of dealing with this question； and in any case
the whole matter is too conjectural to be set up seriously as a bar to our
hopes。 I conclude that； though no certain forecast is possible； there is not
any valid reason for regarding the possible increase of population as a
serious obstacle to Socialism。
Our discussion has led us to the belief that the communal ownership of
land and capital； which constitutes the characteristic doctrine of Socialism
and Anarchist Communism； is a necessary step toward the removal of the
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evils from which the world suffers at present and the creation of such a
society as any humane man must wish to see realized。 But； though a
necessary step； Socialism alone is by no means sufficient。 There are
various forms of Socialism： the form in which the State is the employer；
and all who work receive wages from it； involves dangers of tyranny and
interference with progress which would make it； if possible； even worse
than the present regime。 On the other hand； Anarchism； which avoids the
dangers of State Socialism； has dangers and difficulties of its own； which
make it probable that； within any reasonable period of time； it could not
last long even if it were established。 Nevertheless； it remains an ideal to
which we should wish to approach as nearly as possible； and which； in
some distant age； we hope may be reached completely。 Syndicalism shares
many of the defects of Anarchism； and； like it； would prove unstable； since
the need of a central government would make itself felt almost at once。
The system we have advocated is a form of Guild Socialism； leaning
more； perhaps； towards Anarchism than the official Guildsman would
wholly approve。 It is in the matters that politicians usually ignore science
and art； human relations； and the joy of life that Anarchism is strongest；
and it is chiefly for the sake of these things that we included such more or
less Anarchist proposals as the ‘‘vagabond's wage。'' It is by its effects
outside economics and politics； at least as much as by effects inside them；
that a social system should be judged。 And if Socialism ever comes； it is
only likely to prove beneficent if non… economic goods are valued and
consciously pursued。
The world that we must seek is a world in which the creative spirit is
alive； in which life is an adventure full of joy and hope； based rather upon
the impulse to construct than upon the desire to retain what we possess or
to seize what is possessed by others。 It must be a world in which affection
has free play； in which love is purged of the instinct for domination； in
which cruelty and envy have been dispelled by happiness and the
unfettered development of all the instincts that build up life and fill it with
mental delights。 Such a world is possible； it waits only for men to wish to
create it。
Meantime； the world in which we exist has other aims。 But it will pass
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away； burned up in the fire of its own hot passions； and from its ashes will
spring a new and younger world； full of fresh hope； with the light of
morning in its eyes。
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INDEX
Academy； Royal； 107 Africa； 149； 165 Agriculture； 90 ff。 Alexander II；
43 Allemane； 60 America； xi； 31； 74 ff。； 125； 140； 210 American
Federation of Labor； 76 Anarchism； passim defined； 33 and law； 33；
51； 111 ff。； 198 ff。 and violence； 33； 52…4； 72； 121 ff。 and distribution；
93 ff。 and wages； 96 ff。 anti…German； 46 attitude to syndicalism； 79
congress in Amsterdam； 79 Ants； 152 Army； private； 120； 123 Art； 109；
111； 138； 166 ff。； 203 and appreciation； 169； 181…6 and commercialism；
181 and freedom； 182 Artists； 103 under State Socialism； 174 Asia；
149； 158； 210 Australia； 151 Authors； Guild of； 179 Autonomy； 133； 137；
160
Backwoods； 133 Bakunin； x； 3649 biography； 3747 writings；
4749 and Marx； 38 ff。； 59 n。 and Pan…Slavism； 41； 45 and Dresden
insurrection； 41 imprisonments； 41 anti…German； 45 and production；
50 Bebel； 66 Benbow； William； 71 n。 Bergson； 68 Bernstein； 27…29； 56
Bevington； 53 Bismarck； 30 Books under Socialism； 178 Bornstedt； 39
Bourgeoisie； 11 Bourses du Travail； 54； 63 Boycott； 68 Briand； 72 Bright；
21 Brooks； John Graham； 75； 77n。 Brousse； Paul； 60 Bureaucracy； 128；
174 Button…hooks； 182
Cafiero； 48n。 Capital； 6； 10； 18…25 Capitalism； 2； 202 and war； 139
ff。
California； 181 Censor of plays； 107 Champion； 91 Charlton；
Broughton； 19 Chewing…gum； 189 China； 137； 140 Christ； 187 Chuang
Tzu； 33 Churches； 201 Civil Service； 128 Class war； xvi； 9 ff。； 27； 29； 81；
66； 116 149 Clemenceau； 71 Cobden； 21 Cole； G。 I）。 H。； 89n。； 63； 64n。；
73； 76； 81n。； 134； 190 Communism； 10 ff。 anarchist； 1； 38ff。； 60； 96n。；
100n。； 106n。 Communist Manifesto； 5； 9…18； 114； 148 Competitiveness；
160 Concentration of Capital； Law of； 8； 23…5 Confederation General du
Travail； 63…65； 71； 74 Conquest of Bread； The； 80； 87 Constantine； 108；
187 Creativeness； 186…7 Crime； 118 ff。 Cultivation； intensive； 89 Cultures
maraicheres； 91
Darwin； 173 Deleon； 76 Democracy； 2； 30； 129 ff。； 148； 167 Deutche
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Jahrbuscher； 38 Devolution； 200 Disarmament； 153 Disraeli； 30
Distribution； 99 ff。 Dubois； Felix； 62 Duelling； 123
Education； 169 ff。； 189； 193； 196 Edward VI； 22 Empire Knouto…
Germanique； 48 Engels； 3； 6； 17； 38 Envy； 160…169 Evils physical；
188； 207…11 of character； 188； ~2…07 of power； 188 ff。 Evolution； 164
Fabians； 67 Fear； 186； 203 Feudalism； 10 Fields； Factories and
Workshops； 80； 87 ff。 Finance and war； 140 Finland； 144 Fourier； 4n。
Franco…Prussian War； 46； 86； 69 Franklin； 100n。 Freedom； see Liberty
George； Lloyd； 186 German Communist League； 8 German Working
Men's Association； 8
