±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·) >

µÚ46ÕÂ

proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·)-µÚ46ÕÂ

С˵£º proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




adequate¡¡to¡¡any¡¡possible¡¡demand£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡given¡¡away¡¡freely¡¡to¡¡all¡¡who¡¡ask¡¡

for¡¡them£»¡¡in¡¡any¡¡amounts¡¡they¡¡may¡¡require¡£¡¡The¡¡question¡¡whether¡¡this¡¡plan¡¡

should¡¡be¡¡adopted¡¡is£»¡¡to¡¡my¡¡mind£»¡¡a¡¡purely¡¡technical¡¡one£º¡¡would¡¡it¡¡be£»¡¡in¡¡

fact£»¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡adopt¡¡it¡¡without¡¡much¡¡waste¡¡and¡¡consequent¡¡diversion¡¡of¡¡

labor¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡production¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡necessaries¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡usefully¡¡

employed¡¡otherwise£¿¡¡I¡¡have¡¡not¡¡the¡¡means¡¡of¡¡answering¡¡this¡¡question£»¡¡but¡¡

I¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡exceedingly¡¡¡¡¡¡probable¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sooner¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡later£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡continued¡¡

improvement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡methods¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡production£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡Anarchist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡plan¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡

become¡¡feasible£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡it¡¡does£»¡¡it¡¡certainly¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡adopted¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Women¡¡in¡¡domestic¡¡work£»¡¡whether¡¡married¡¡or¡¡unmarried£»¡¡will¡¡receive¡¡

pay¡¡as¡¡they¡¡would¡¡if¡¡they¡¡were¡¡in¡¡industry¡£¡¡This¡¡will¡¡secure¡¡the¡¡complete¡¡

economic¡¡independence¡¡of¡¡wives£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡achieve¡¡in¡¡any¡¡other¡¡

way£»¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡mothers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡ought¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡

outside¡¡the¡¡home¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡expense¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡fall£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡present£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡parents¡£¡¡

They¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡receive£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡adults£»¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡share¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡necessaries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

education¡¡will¡¡be¡¡free¡££§60£§¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡present¡¡competition¡¡

for¡¡scholarships¡¡among¡¡the¡¡abler¡¡children£º¡¡they¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡imbued¡¡¡¡with¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡competitive¡¡¡¡¡¡spirit¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡infancy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡brains¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

unnatural¡¡¡¡¡¡degree¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡consequent¡¡¡¡¡¡listlessness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡lack¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡health¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡later¡¡

life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Education¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡diversified¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡present£»¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡care¡¡

will¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡to¡¡adapt¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡needs¡¡of¡¡different¡¡types¡¡of¡¡young¡¡people¡£¡¡

There¡¡will¡¡be¡¡more¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡encourage¡¡initiative¡¡young¡¡pupils£»¡¡and¡¡less¡¡

desire¡¡to¡¡fill¡¡their¡¡minds¡¡with¡¡a¡¡set¡¡of¡¡beliefs¡¡and¡¡mental¡¡habits¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡

desirable¡¡by¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡chiefly¡¡because¡¡they¡¡help¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡the¡¡status¡¡quo¡£¡¡

For¡¡¡¡the¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡majority¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡desirable¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

have¡¡much¡¡more¡¡outdoor¡¡education¡¡in¡¡the¡¡country¡£¡¡And¡¡for¡¡older¡¡boys¡¡and¡¡

girls¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡interests¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡intellectual¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡artistic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡technical¡¡¡¡¡¡education£»¡¡

undertaken¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡liberal¡¡¡¡¡¡spirit£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡useful¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡promoting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mental¡¡

activity¡¡than¡¡book¡­learning¡¡which¡¡they¡¡regard¡¡£¨however¡¡falsely£©¡¡as¡¡wholly¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡127¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡128¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



useless¡¡except¡¡for¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡examination¡£¡¡The¡¡really¡¡useful¡¡educa¡­¡¡tion¡¡

is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡follows¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡of¡¡the¡¡child's¡¡own¡¡instinctive¡¡interests£»¡¡

supplying¡¡knowledge¡¡for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡seeking£»¡¡not¡¡dry£»¡¡detailed¡¡information¡¡

wholly¡¡out¡¡of¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡its¡¡spontaneous¡¡desires¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§60£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡fear¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡undue¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

population£»¡¡but¡¡such¡¡fears¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡to¡¡be¡¡groundless¡£¡¡See¡¡above£»¡¡£¨Chapter¡¡

IV£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pay¡£''¡¡¡¡Also£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vi¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Principles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Social¡¡

Reconstruction''¡¡£¨George¡¡Allen¡¡and¡¡Unwin£»¡¡Ltd¡££©¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Government¡¡and¡¡law¡¡will¡¡still¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡our¡¡community£»¡¡but¡¡both¡¡will¡¡

be¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡a¡¡minimum¡£¡¡There¡¡will¡¡still¡¡be¡¡acts¡¡which¡¡will¡¡be¡¡forbidden¡­¡¡

¡­for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡murder¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡nearly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

criminal¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡deals¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡property¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡obsolete£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

many¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡motives¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡produce¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡murders¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡

operative¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡nevertheless¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡commit¡¡¡¡¡¡crimes¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

blamed¡¡or¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡wicked£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡unfortunate£»¡¡and¡¡

kept¡¡in¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mental¡¡hospital¡¡until¡¡it¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

longer¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡danger¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡education¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡abolition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡

capital¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡number¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡crimes¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡exceedingly¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

method¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡individual¡¡¡¡¡¡curative¡¡¡¡¡¡treatment¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡generally¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

secure¡¡that¡¡a¡¡man's¡¡first¡¡offense¡¡shall¡¡also¡¡be¡¡his¡¡last£»¡¡except¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡

lunatics¡¡and¡¡the¡¡feeble¡­minded£»¡¡for¡¡whom¡¡of¡¡course¡¡a¡¡more¡¡prolonged¡¡but¡¡

not¡¡less¡¡kindly¡¡detention¡¡may¡¡be¡¡necessary¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Government¡¡may¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡consisting¡¡of¡¡two¡¡parts£º¡¡the¡¡one£»¡¡the¡¡

decisions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡recognized¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡organs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡other£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

enforcing¡¡of¡¡those¡¡decisions¡¡upon¡¡all¡¡who¡¡resist¡¡them¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡part¡¡is¡¡not¡¡

objected¡¡to¡¡by¡¡Anarchists¡£¡¡The¡¡second¡¡part£»¡¡in¡¡an¡¡ordinary¡¡civilized¡¡State£»¡¡

may¡¡remain¡¡entirely¡¡in¡¡the¡¡background£º¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡resisted¡¡a¡¡new¡¡law¡¡

while¡¡it¡¡was¡¡being¡¡debated¡¡will£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule£»¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡it¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡passed£»¡¡

because¡¡resistance¡¡is¡¡generally¡¡useless¡¡in¡¡a¡¡settled¡¡and¡¡orderly¡¡community¡£¡¡

But¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡governmental¡¡force¡¡remains£»¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡is¡¡the¡¡very¡¡

reason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡submission¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unnecessary¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡

Anarchists¡¡desire£»¡¡there¡¡were¡¡no¡¡use¡¡of¡¡force¡¡by¡¡government£»¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡

could¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡band¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡minority¡£¡¡

The¡¡only¡¡difference¡¡would¡¡be¡¡that¡¡their¡¡army¡¡or¡¡their¡¡police¡¡force¡¡would¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡128¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡129¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



be¡¡ad¡¡hoc£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡being¡¡permanent¡¡and¡¡professional¡£¡¡The¡¡result¡¡of¡¡this¡¡

would¡¡be¡¡that¡¡everyone¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡how¡¡to¡¡fight£»¡¡for¡¡fear¡¡a¡¡well¡­¡¡

drilled¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡minority¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seize¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡establish¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡­fashioned¡¡

oligarchic¡¡State¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡aim¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Anarchists¡¡seems¡¡hardly¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

achieved¡¡by¡¡the¡¡methods¡¡which¡¡they¡¡advocate¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡reign¡¡of¡¡violence¡¡in¡¡human¡¡affairs£»¡¡whether¡¡within¡¡a¡¡country¡¡or¡¡in¡¡

its¡¡external¡¡relations£»¡¡can¡¡only¡¡be¡¡prevented£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡have¡¡not¡¡been¡¡mistaken£»¡¡

by¡¡an¡¡authority¡¡able¡¡to¡¡declare¡¡all¡¡use¡¡of¡¡force¡¡except¡¡by¡¡itself¡¡illegal£»¡¡and¡¡

strong¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡obviously¡¡¡¡capable¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡

futile£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡secure¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡support¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

defense¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡resistance¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡injustice¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡authority¡¡¡¡¡¡exists¡¡

within¡¡a¡¡country£º¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡But¡¡in¡¡international¡¡affairs¡¡it¡¡remains¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

created¡£¡¡The¡¡difficulties¡¡are¡¡stupendous£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡must¡¡be¡¡overcome¡¡if¡¡the¡¡

world¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡saved¡¡from¡¡periodical¡¡wars£»¡¡each¡¡more¡¡destructive¡¡than¡¡any¡¡

of¡¡its¡¡predecessors¡£¡¡Whether£»¡¡after¡¡this¡¡war£»¡¡a¡¡League¡¡of¡¡Nations¡¡will¡¡be¡¡

formed£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡be¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡performing¡¡this¡¡task£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡impossible¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡foretell¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡However¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be£»¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡method¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡preventing¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡

have¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡established¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Utopia¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡

men¡¡BELIEVE¡¡that¡¡the¡¡world¡¡is¡¡safe¡¡from¡¡war£»¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡difficulty¡¡will¡¡be¡¡

solved£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡serious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡resistance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡

disbanding¡¡of¡¡national¡¡armies¡¡and¡¡navies£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡substitution¡¡for¡¡them¡¡of¡¡

a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡international¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡protection¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡uncivilized¡¡¡¡¡¡races¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡

when¡¡that¡¡stage¡¡has¡¡been¡¡reached£»¡¡peace¡¡will¡¡be¡¡virtually¡¡secure¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡government¡¡by¡¡majorities£»¡¡which¡¡Anarchists¡¡criticise£»¡¡

is¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡open¡¡to¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡objections¡¡which¡¡they¡¡urge¡¡against¡¡it¡£¡¡Still¡¡

more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡objectionable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡executive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡matters¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vitally¡¡

affecting¡¡the¡¡happiness¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡war¡£¡¡But¡¡neither¡¡can¡¡be¡¡

dispensed¡¡with¡¡suddenly¡£¡¡There¡¡are£»¡¡however£»¡¡two¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡diminishing¡¡

the¡¡harm¡¡done¡¡by¡¡them£º¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Government¡¡by¡¡majorities¡¡can¡¡be¡¡made¡¡less¡¡

oppressive¡¡by¡¡¡¡devolution£»¡¡by¡¡¡¡placing¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡questions¡¡primarily¡¡

affecting¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡section¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡section£»¡¡

rather¡¡than¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Central¡¡Chamber¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡wa

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ