proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·)-µÚ44ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
human¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡beings¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡growth¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dwarfed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stunted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
oppression¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡lived¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡spiritthe¡¡¡¡¡¡spirit¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡aims¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡creating¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡
possessinghas¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡fundamental¡¡¡¡¡¡happiness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
wholly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡robbed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡adverse¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡
recommended¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Gospels£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡all¡¡the¡¡great¡¡teachers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡
Those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡freed¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tyranny¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡fear£»¡¡¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡
they¡¡value¡¡most¡¡in¡¡their¡¡lives¡¡is¡¡not¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mercy¡¡of¡¡outside¡¡power¡£¡¡If¡¡all¡¡
men¡¡could¡¡summon¡¡up¡¡the¡¡courage¡¡and¡¡the¡¡vision¡¡to¡¡live¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way¡¡in¡¡
spite¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡obstacles¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡discouragement£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
regeneration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡to¡¡begin¡¡by¡¡political¡¡and¡¡economic¡¡reform£º¡¡all¡¡
that¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡needed¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡reform¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡automatically£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡
resistance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡owing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡moral¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡regeneration¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
teaching¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Christ¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡nominally¡¡¡¡¡¡accepted¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡
centuries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡follow¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡persecuted¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡121¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡122¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡
before¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡Constantine¡£¡¡Experience¡¡has¡¡proved¡¡that¡¡few¡¡are¡¡able¡¡to¡¡
see¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡apparent¡¡¡¡¡¡evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡outcast's¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡inner¡¡¡¡¡¡joy¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
comes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡faith¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡creative¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hope¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡domination¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡fear¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡
overcome£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡enough£»¡¡as¡¡regards¡¡the¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡men£»¡¡to¡¡preach¡¡courage¡¡
and¡¡indifference¡¡to¡¡misfortune£º¡¡it¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡remove¡¡the¡¡causes¡¡of¡¡fear£»¡¡
to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡good¡¡life¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡an¡¡unsuccessful¡¡one¡¡in¡¡a¡¡worldly¡¡sense£»¡¡and¡¡
to¡¡diminish¡¡the¡¡harm¡¡that¡¡can¡¡be¡¡inflicted¡¡upon¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡not¡¡wary¡¡in¡¡
self¡¡¡defense¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡we¡¡consider¡¡the¡¡evils¡¡in¡¡the¡¡lives¡¡we¡¡know¡¡of£»¡¡we¡¡find¡¡that¡¡they¡¡
may¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡roughly¡¡¡¡divided¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡classes¡£¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡are£»¡¡¡¡¡¡first£»¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡due¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
physical¡¡nature£º¡¡among¡¡these¡¡are¡¡death£»¡¡pain¡¡and¡¡the¡¡difficulty¡¡of¡¡making¡¡
the¡¡soil¡¡yield¡¡a¡¡subsistence¡£¡¡These¡¡we¡¡will¡¡call¡¡¡®¡®physical¡¡evils¡£''¡¡Second£»¡¡
we¡¡may¡¡put¡¡those¡¡that¡¡spring¡¡from¡¡defects¡¡in¡¡the¡¡character¡¡or¡¡aptitudes¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡sufferer£º¡¡among¡¡these¡¡are¡¡ignorance£»¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡will£»¡¡and¡¡violent¡¡passions¡£¡¡
These¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡£''¡¡¡¡¡¡Third¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡depend¡¡
upon¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡one¡¡individual¡¡or¡¡group¡¡over¡¡another£º¡¡these¡¡comprise¡¡
not¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡obvious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tyranny£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡interference¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡development£»¡¡
whether¡¡by¡¡force¡¡or¡¡by¡¡excessive¡¡mental¡¡influence¡¡such¡¡as¡¡may¡¡occur¡¡in¡¡
education¡£¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡®¡®evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡£''¡¡A¡¡social¡¡system¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
judged¡¡by¡¡its¡¡bearing¡¡upon¡¡these¡¡three¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡evils¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡distinction¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡kinds¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡sharply¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡drawn¡£¡¡
Purely¡¡¡¡¡¡physical¡¡¡¡¡¡evil¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡limit£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡sure¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡
reached£º¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡abolish¡¡death£»¡¡but¡¡we¡¡can¡¡often¡¡postpone¡¡it¡¡by¡¡science£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡ultimately¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡secure¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡majority¡¡
shall¡¡live¡¡till¡¡old¡¡age£»¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡wholly¡¡prevent¡¡pain£»¡¡but¡¡we¡¡can¡¡diminish¡¡
it¡¡indefinitely¡¡by¡¡securing¡¡a¡¡healthy¡¡life¡¡for¡¡all£»¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡make¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡
yield¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡fruits¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡abundance¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡labor£»¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡diminish¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
amount¡¡of¡¡the¡¡labor¡¡and¡¡improve¡¡its¡¡conditions¡¡until¡¡it¡¡ceases¡¡to¡¡be¡¡an¡¡evil¡£¡¡
Evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡physical¡¡¡¡¡¡evil¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡shape¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
illness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡power£»¡¡¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡tyranny¡¡
degrades¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡exercise¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡rule£©¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡suffer¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡
Evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡intensified¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡evils¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡
power£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡physical¡¡evil¡¡which¡¡is¡¡apt¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡those¡¡
who¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡reasons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡sorts¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡evil¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡122¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡123¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡
intertwined¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Nevertheless£»¡¡¡¡¡¡speaking¡¡¡¡¡¡broadly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡distinguish¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡
our¡¡¡¡¡¡misfortunes¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡proximate¡¡¡¡¡¡cause¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡material¡¡
world£»¡¡those¡¡which¡¡are¡¡mainly¡¡due¡¡to¡¡defects¡¡in¡¡ourselves£»¡¡and¡¡those¡¡which¡¡
spring¡¡from¡¡our¡¡being¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡the¡¡control¡¡of¡¡others¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡main¡¡¡¡¡¡methods¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡combating¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡evils¡¡¡¡¡¡are£º¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡physical¡¡¡¡¡¡evils£»¡¡
science£»¡¡for¡¡evils¡¡of¡¡character£»¡¡education¡¡£¨in¡¡the¡¡widest¡¡sense£©¡¡and¡¡a¡¡free¡¡
outlet¡¡for¡¡all¡¡impulses¡¡that¡¡do¡¡not¡¡involve¡¡domination£»¡¡for¡¡evils¡¡of¡¡power£»¡¡
the¡¡reform¡¡of¡¡the¡¡political¡¡and¡¡economic¡¡organization¡¡of¡¡society¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡
way¡¡as¡¡to¡¡reduce¡¡to¡¡the¡¡lowest¡¡possible¡¡point¡¡the¡¡interference¡¡of¡¡one¡¡man¡¡
with¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡another¡£¡¡We¡¡will¡¡begin¡¡with¡¡the¡¡third¡¡of¡¡these¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡evil£»¡¡
because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡evils¡¡of¡¡power¡¡specially¡¡that¡¡Socialism¡¡and¡¡Anarchism¡¡have¡¡
sought¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡remedy¡£¡¡Their¡¡¡¡protest¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡Inequalities¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡wealth¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡rested¡¡
mainly¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡the¡¡evils¡¡arising¡¡from¡¡the¡¡power¡¡conferred¡¡by¡¡
wealth¡£¡¡This¡¡point¡¡has¡¡been¡¡well¡¡stated¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡G¡£¡¡D¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Cole£º¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What£»¡¡I¡¡want¡¡to¡¡ask£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡fundamental¡¡evil¡¡in¡¡our¡¡modern¡¡Society¡¡
which¡¡we¡¡should¡¡set¡¡out¡¡to¡¡abolish£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡answers¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡question£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡am¡¡¡¡¡¡sure¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
very¡¡many¡¡well¡meaning¡¡people¡¡would¡¡make¡¡the¡¡wrong¡¡one¡£¡¡They¡¡would¡¡
answer¡¡¡¡¡¡POVERTY£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡SLAVERY¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Face¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡face¡¡
every¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡day¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡shameful¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡contrasts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡riches¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡destitution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡high¡¡
dividends¡¡and¡¡low¡¡wages£»¡¡and¡¡painfully¡¡conscious¡¡of¡¡the¡¡futility¡¡of¡¡trying¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡adjust¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡balance¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡charity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡public£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡would¡¡
answer¡¡unhesitatingly¡¡that¡¡they¡¡stand¡¡for¡¡the¡¡ABOLITION¡¡OF¡¡POVERTY¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Well¡¡and¡¡good£¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡that¡¡issue¡¡¡¡every¡¡Socialist¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡them¡£¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
answer¡¡to¡¡my¡¡question¡¡is¡¡none¡¡the¡¡less¡¡wrong¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Poverty¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡symptom£º¡¡¡¡¡¡slavery¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡disease¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡extremes¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡riches¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡destitution¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡follow¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inevitably¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡extremes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡license¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
bondage¡£¡¡The¡¡many¡¡are¡¡not¡¡enslaved¡¡because¡¡they¡¡are¡¡poor£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡poor¡¡
because¡¡they¡¡are¡¡enslaved¡£¡¡Yet¡¡Socialists¡¡have¡¡all¡¡too¡¡often¡¡fixed¡¡their¡¡eyes¡¡
upon¡¡the¡¡material¡¡misery¡¡of¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡without¡¡realizing¡¡that¡¡it¡¡rests¡¡upon¡¡
the¡¡spiritual¡¡degradation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡slave¡££§59£§¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§59£§¡¡¡®¡®Self¡Government¡¡in¡¡Industry£»''¡¡G¡£¡¡Bell¡¡&¡¡Sons£»¡¡1917£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡110¡¡¡
111¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡any¡¡reasonable¡¡person¡¡can¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡the¡¡evils¡¡of¡¡power¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡123¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡124¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡system¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡vastly¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡
might¡¡be¡¡immeasurably¡¡diminished¡¡by¡¡a¡¡suitable¡¡form¡¡of¡¡Socialism¡£¡¡A¡¡few¡¡
fortunate¡¡¡¡¡¡people£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡true£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡enabled¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡¡¡¡¡¡freely¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡rent¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
interest£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡hardly¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡liberty¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡system¡£¡¡
But¡¡the¡¡great¡¡bulk£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡of¡¡the¡¡very¡¡poor£»¡¡but£»¡¡of¡¡all¡¡sections¡¡of¡¡wage¡¡¡
earners¡¡and¡¡even¡¡of¡¡the¡¡professional¡¡classes£»¡¡are¡¡the¡¡slaves¡¡of¡¡the¡¡need¡¡for¡¡
getting¡¡money¡£¡¡Almost¡¡all¡¡are¡¡compelled¡¡to¡¡work¡¡so¡¡hard¡¡that¡¡they¡¡have¡¡
little¡¡leisure¡¡for¡¡enjoyment¡¡or¡¡for¡¡pursuits¡¡outside¡¡their¡¡regular¡¡occupation¡£¡¡
Those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡able¡¡to¡¡retire¡¡in¡¡later¡¡middle¡¡age¡¡are¡¡bored£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡
have¡¡not¡¡learned¡¡how¡¡to¡¡fill¡¡their¡¡time¡¡when¡¡they¡¡are¡¡at¡¡liberty£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡
interests¡¡as¡¡they¡¡once¡¡had¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡work¡¡have¡¡dried¡¡up¡£¡¡Yet¡¡these¡¡are¡¡the¡¡
exceptionally¡¡fortunate£º¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡have¡¡to¡¡work¡¡hard¡¡till¡¡old¡¡age£»¡¡with¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡fear¡¡