±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·) >

µÚ20ÕÂ

proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·)-µÚ20ÕÂ

С˵£º proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




workers¡£''£§31£§¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Haywood£»¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Western¡¡¡¡¡¡Federation¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Miners£»¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

out¡­and¡­out¡¡¡¡¡¡follower¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Marx¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡concerns¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡54¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡55¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



doctrine¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡surplus¡¡¡¡¡¡value¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡movement£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

attaches¡¡more¡¡importance¡¡to¡¡industrial¡¡as¡¡against¡¡political¡¡action¡¡than¡¡do¡¡

the¡¡European¡¡followers¡¡of¡¡Marx¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡partly¡¡explicable¡¡by¡¡the¡¡

special¡¡circumstances¡¡of¡¡America£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡recent¡¡immigrants¡¡are¡¡apt¡¡to¡¡

be¡¡¡¡¡¡voteless¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡fourth¡¡¡¡¡¡convention¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡revised¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡preamble¡¡

giving¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡principles¡¡¡¡¡¡underlying¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡action¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®The¡¡¡¡¡¡working¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡

and¡¡the¡¡employing¡¡class£»''¡¡they¡¡say£»¡¡¡®¡®have¡¡nothing¡¡in¡¡common¡£¡¡There¡¡can¡¡

be¡¡no¡¡peace¡¡so¡¡long¡¡as¡¡hunger¡¡and¡¡want¡¡are¡¡found¡¡among¡¡millions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

working¡¡people¡¡and¡¡the¡¡few£»¡¡who¡¡make¡¡up¡¡the¡¡employing¡¡class£»¡¡have¡¡all¡¡

the¡¡good¡¡things¡¡of¡¡life¡£¡¡Between¡¡these¡¡two¡¡classes£»¡¡a¡¡struggle¡¡must¡¡go¡¡on¡¡

until¡¡the¡¡workers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡organize¡¡as¡¡a¡¡class£»¡¡take¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

earth¡¡and¡¡the¡¡machinery¡¡of¡¡production£»¡¡and¡¡abolish¡¡the¡¡wage¡¡system¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡

Instead¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡conservative¡¡¡¡¡¡motto£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®A¡¡¡¡¡¡fair¡¡¡¡¡¡day's¡¡¡¡¡¡wages¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡fair¡¡¡¡¡¡day's¡¡

work£»'¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inscribe¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡banner¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revolutionary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡watchword£»¡¡

¡®Abolition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wage¡¡system¡£'¡¡''£§32£§¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§29£§¡¡Quoted¡¡in¡¡Cole£»¡¡ib¡£¡¡p¡£¡¡128¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§30£§¡¡Ib¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡135¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§31£§¡¡Brooks£»¡¡op¡£¡¡cit¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡79¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§32£§¡¡Brooks£»¡¡op¡£¡¡cit¡££»¡¡pp¡£¡¡86¡­87¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Numerous¡¡strikes¡¡have¡¡been¡¡conducted¡¡or¡¡encouraged¡¡by¡¡the¡¡I¡£¡¡W¡£¡¡W¡£¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Western¡¡¡¡¡¡Federation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Miners¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡strikes¡¡¡¡¡¡illustrate¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡­¡¡

war¡¡in¡¡a¡¡more¡¡bitter¡¡and¡¡extreme¡¡form¡¡than¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡any¡¡other¡¡part¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Both¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sides¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ready¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡resort¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡violence¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

employers¡¡have¡¡armies¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡and¡¡are¡¡able¡¡to¡¡call¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Militia¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡crisis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Army¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡¡

Syndicalists¡¡say¡¡about¡¡the¡¡State¡¡as¡¡a¡¡capitalist¡¡institution¡¡is¡¡peculiarly¡¡true¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡America¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡consequence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡scandals¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡arising£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Federal¡¡

Government¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appointed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡Commission¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡Industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡Relations£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡

Report£»¡¡¡¡¡¡issued¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1915£»¡¡¡¡¡¡reveals¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡affairs¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

difficult¡¡to¡¡imagine¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Great¡¡Britain¡£¡¡The¡¡report¡¡¡¡¡¡states¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®the¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡

disorders¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡outbreaks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡violence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡connection¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

industrial¡¡¡®disputes¡¡arise¡¡from¡¡the¡¡violation¡¡of¡¡what¡¡are¡¡considered¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

fundamental¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rights£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perversion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡subversion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

governmental¡¡institutions''¡¡£¨p¡£¡¡146£©¡£¡¡It¡¡mentions£»¡¡among¡¡such¡¡perversions£»¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡56¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



the¡¡subservience¡¡of¡¡the¡¡judiciary¡¡to¡¡the¡¡mili¡­¡¡tary¡¡authorities£»£§33£§¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡labor¡¡¡¡¡¡dispute¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡liberty¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡within¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

State¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mercy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Governor¡¡£¨p¡£¡¡72£©£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡use¡¡

of¡¡State¡¡troops¡¡in¡¡policing¡¡strikes¡¡£¨p¡£¡¡298£©¡£¡¡At¡¡Ludlow¡¡£¨Colorado£©¡¡in¡¡1914¡¡

£¨April¡¡20£©¡¡a¡¡battle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡militia¡¡and¡¡the¡¡miners¡¡took¡¡place£»¡¡in¡¡which£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡

result¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡militia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡number¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡women¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

burned¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡death¡££§34£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Many¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡instances¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡pitched¡¡¡¡¡¡battles¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

given£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡show¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡peculiar¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡labor¡¡

disputes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¡It¡¡may£»¡¡I¡¡fear£»¡¡be¡¡presumed¡¡that¡¡this¡¡character¡¡

will¡¡remain¡¡so¡¡long¡¡as¡¡a¡¡very¡¡large¡¡proportion¡¡of¡¡labor¡¡consists¡¡of¡¡recent¡¡

immigrants¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡difficulties¡¡¡¡¡¡pass¡¡¡¡¡¡away£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡sooner¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡

later£»¡¡labor¡¡will¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡find¡¡its¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡community£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡

tend¡¡to¡¡feel¡¡and¡¡inspire¡¡less¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bitter¡¡hostility¡¡which¡¡renders¡¡the¡¡more¡¡

extreme¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡class¡¡war¡¡possible¡£¡¡When¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡time¡¡comes£»¡¡the¡¡labor¡¡movement¡¡in¡¡America¡¡will¡¡probably¡¡begin¡¡

to¡¡take¡¡on¡¡forms¡¡similar¡¡to¡¡those¡¡of¡¡Europe¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§33£§¡¡Although¡¡uniformly¡¡held¡¡that¡¡the¡¡writ¡¡of¡¡habeas¡¡corpus¡¡can¡¡only¡¡

be¡¡suspended¡¡by¡¡the¡¡legislature£»¡¡in¡¡these¡¡labor¡¡disturbances¡¡the¡¡executive¡¡

has¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡suspended¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡disregarded¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡writ¡£¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡cases¡¡¡¡¡¡arising¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡

labor¡¡¡¡¡¡agitations£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡judiciary¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡uniformly¡¡¡¡upheld¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡exercised¡¡

by¡¡the¡¡military£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡no¡¡case¡¡has¡¡there¡¡been¡¡any¡¡protest¡¡against¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡

such¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡attempt¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡curtail¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Montana£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

conviction¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡civilian¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡military¡¡¡¡¡¡commission¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡annulled''¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨¡®¡®Final¡¡

Report¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Commission¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡Industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡Relations''¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1915£©¡¡¡¡¡¡appointed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡Congress£»''¡¡p¡£¡¡58£©¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§34£§¡¡Literary¡¡Digest£»¡¡May¡¡2¡¡and¡¡May¡¡16£»¡¡1914¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Meanwhile£»¡¡though¡¡the¡¡forms¡¡are¡¡different£»¡¡the¡¡aims¡¡are¡¡very¡¡similar£»¡¡

and¡¡industrial¡¡unionism£»¡¡spreading¡¡from¡¡America£»¡¡has¡¡had¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡

influence¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Great¡¡¡¡¡¡Britainan¡¡¡¡¡¡influence¡¡¡¡¡¡naturally¡¡¡¡¡¡reinforced¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

French¡¡¡¡¡¡Syndicalism¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡clear£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡think£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡adoption¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡industrial¡¡

rather¡¡than¡¡craft¡¡unionism¡¡is¡¡absolutely¡¡necessary¡¡if¡¡Trade¡¡Unionism¡¡is¡¡to¡¡

succeed¡¡in¡¡playing¡¡that¡¡part¡¡in¡¡altering¡¡the¡¡economic¡¡structure¡¡of¡¡society¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡advocates¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡claim¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡parties¡£¡¡

Industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unionism¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡organizes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡craft¡¡¡¡¡¡unionism¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡56¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡57¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡have¡¡to¡¡fight¡£¡¡English¡¡unionism¡¡is¡¡

still¡¡very¡¡far¡¡removed¡¡from¡¡the¡¡industrial¡¡form£»¡¡though¡¡certain¡¡industries£»¡¡

especially¡¡the¡¡railway¡¡men£»¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡very¡¡far¡¡in¡¡this¡¡direction£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡

notable¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡railway¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡peculiarly¡¡¡¡¡¡sympathetic¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Syndicalism¡¡

and¡¡industrial¡¡unionism¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pure¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Syndicalism£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡likely¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡achieve¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wide¡¡

popularity¡¡in¡¡Great¡¡Britain¡£¡¡Its¡¡spirit¡¡is¡¡too¡¡revolutionary¡¡and¡¡anarchistic¡¡

for¡¡our¡¡temperament¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡modified¡¡form¡¡of¡¡Guild¡¡Socialism¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

ideas¡¡¡¡¡¡derived¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡C¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡G¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡T¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡tending¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡bear¡¡

fruit¡££§35£§¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡movement¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡infancy¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡hold¡¡

upon¡¡the¡¡rank¡¡and¡¡file£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡being¡¡ably¡¡advocated¡¡by¡¡a¡¡group¡¡of¡¡young¡¡

men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡rapidly¡¡¡¡¡¡gaining¡¡¡¡¡¡ground¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡Labor¡¡

opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡State¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡

increased¡¡during¡¡the¡¡war¡¡that¡¡those¡¡who¡¡naturally¡¡dislike¡¡things¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are£»¡¡

find¡¡it¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡State¡¡omnipotence¡¡can¡¡be¡¡

the¡¡road¡¡to¡¡the¡¡millennium¡£¡¡Guild¡¡Socialists¡¡aim¡¡at¡¡autonomy¡¡in¡¡industry£»¡¡

with¡¡consequent¡¡curtailment£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡abolition£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡

The¡¡system¡¡which¡¡they¡¡advocate¡¡is£»¡¡I¡¡believe£»¡¡the¡¡best¡¡hitherto¡¡proposed£»¡¡

and¡¡the¡¡one¡¡most¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡liberty¡¡without¡¡the¡¡constant¡¡appeals¡¡to¡¡

violence¡¡which¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡feared¡¡under¡¡a¡¡purely¡¡Anarchist¡¡regime¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§35£§¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡ideas¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Guild¡¡¡¡¡¡Socialism¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡forth¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®National¡¡

Guilds£»''¡¡edited¡¡by¡¡A¡£¡¡R¡£¡¡Orage¡¡£¨Bell¡¡&¡¡Sons£»¡¡1914£©£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡Cole's¡¡¡®¡®World¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Labour''¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Bell¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡&¡¡¡¡¡¡Sons£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡published¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1913¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cole's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Self¡­¡¡

Government¡¡in¡¡Industry''¡¡£¨Bell¡¡&¡¡Sons£»¡¡1917£©¡¡and¡¡Rickett¡¡&¡¡Bechhofer's¡¡

¡®¡®The¡¡¡¡¡¡Meaning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡National¡¡¡¡¡¡Guilds''¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Palmer¡¡¡¡¡¡&¡¡¡¡¡¡Hayward£»¡¡¡¡¡¡1918£©¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡

also¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡read£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡¡¡¡¡pamphl

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ