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第21章

madam how and lady why(豪夫人和怀女士)-第21章

小说: madam how and lady why(豪夫人和怀女士) 字数: 每页4000字

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which have fallen from the cliffs above。              They will be dropped at the end 

of the glacier; and mixed with silt and sand and other stones which have 

come   down   inside   the   glacier   itself;   and   piled   up   in   the   field   in   great 

mounds; which are called moraines; such as you may see and walk on in 

Scotland many a time; though you might never guess what they are。 

     The river which runs out at the glacier foot is; you must remember; all 

foul and   milky  with the   finest   mud;   and that   mud   is the   grinding   of   the 

rocks over which the glacier has been crawling down; and scraping them 

as it scraped my bit of stone with pebbles and with sand。                  And this is the 

alphabet; which; if you learn by heart; you will learn to understand how 

Madam How uses her great ice…plough to plough down her old mountains; 

and   spread   the   stuff   of   them   about   the   valleys   to   make   rich   straths   of 

fertile   soil。   Nay;   so   immensely   strong;   because   immensely   heavy;   is   the 

share of this her great ice…plough; that some will tell you (and it is not for 

me to say  that they  are wrong) that   with it   she has ploughed out all   the 

mountain   lakes   in   Europe   and   in   North   America;   that   such   lakes;   for 

instance; as Ullswater or Windermere have been scooped clean out of the 

solid rock by ice which came down these glaciers in old times。                       And be 

sure of this;  that next   to Madam  How's   steam…pump   and   her   rain…spade; 

her great ice…plough has had; and has still; the most to do with making the 

ground on which we live。 

     Do   I   mean   that   there   were   ever   glaciers   here?  No;   I   do   not。   There 

have   been   glaciers   in   Scotland   in   plenty。    And   if   any   Scotch   boy   shall 

read this book; it will tell him presently how to find the marks of them far 

and wide over his native land。           But as you; my child; care most about this 

country  in   which   you   live;   I   will   show  you   in   any  gravel…pit;   or   hollow 

lane upon the moor; the marks; not of a glacier; which is an ice…river; but 

of a whole sea of ice。 

     Let us come up to the pit upon the top of the hill; and look carefully at 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



what we see there。        The lower part of the pit of course is a solid rock of 

sand。     On the top of that is a cap of gravel; five; six; ten feet thick。           Now 

the sand was   laid down there by water   at the bottom of an old sea;   and 

therefore the top of it would naturally be flat and smooth; as the sands at 

Hunstanton or at Bournemouth are; and the gravel; if it was laid down by 

water; would naturally lie flat on it again:           but it does not。      See how the 

top of the sand is dug out into deep waves and pits; filled up with gravel。 

And see; too; how over some of the gravel you get sand again; and then 

gravel   again;   and   then   sand   again;   till   you   cannot   tell   where   one   fairly 

begins and the other ends。         Why; here are little dots of gravel; six or eight 

feet down; in what looks the solid sand rock; yet the sand must have been 

opened somehow to put the gravel in。 

     You say you have seen that before。             You have seen the same curious 

twisting of the gravel and sand into each other on the top of Farley Hill; 

and   in   the   new   cutting   on   Minley   Hill;   and;   best   of   all;   in   the   railway 

cutting   between   Ascot   and   Sunningdale;   where   upon   the   top   the   white 

sand   and   gravel   is   arranged   in   red   and   brown   waves;   and   festoons;   and 

curlicues;     almost   like   Prince   of  Wales's    feathers。    Yes;    that  last  is  a 

beautiful     section   of   ice…  work;    so   beautiful;   that   I  hope   to  have    it 

photographed some day。 

     Now; how did ice do this? 

     Well; I was many a year before I found out that; and I dare say I never 

should have found it out for myself。            A gentleman named Trimmer; who; 

alas! is now dead; was; I believe; the first to find it out。               He knew that 

along the coast of Labrador; and other cold parts of North America; and on 

the shores; too; of the great river St。 Lawrence; the stranded icebergs; and 

the ice…foot; as it is called; which is continually forming along the freezing 

shores; grub and plough every tide into the mud and sand; and shove up 

before them; like a ploughshare; heaps of dirt; and that; too; the ice itself is 

full of dirt; of sand and stones; which it may have brought from hundreds 

of miles away; and that; as this ploughshare of dirty ice grubs onward; the 

nose of the plough is continually being broken off; and left underneath the 

mud; and that; when summer comes; and the ice melts; the mud falls back 

into the place where the ice had been; and covers up the gravel which was 



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                                 MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



in the ice。     So; what between the grubbing of the ice…plough into the mud; 

and the dirt which it leaves behind when it melts; the stones; and sand; and 

mud upon the shore are jumbled up into curious curved and twisted layers; 

exactly   like   those   which   Mr。   Trimmer   saw   in   certain   gravel…pits。        And 

when   I   first   read   about   that;   I   said;   〃And   exactly  like   what   I   have   been 

seeing in every gravel…pit round here; and trying to guess how they could 

have been made by currents of water; and yet never could make any guess 

which would do。〃           But after that it was all explained to me; and I said; 

〃Honour   to   the   man   who   has   let   Madam   How   teach   him   what   she   had 

been trying to teach me for fifteen years; while I was too stupid to learn it。 

Now   I   am   certain;   as   certain   as   I   can   be   of   any   earthly   thing;   that   the 

whole      of   these   Windsor      Forest    Flats    were    ages   ago    ploughed      and 

harrowed   over   and   over   again;   by   ice…   floes   and   icebergs   drifting   and 

stranding in a shallow sea。〃 

     And if you say; my dear child; as some people will say; that it is like 

building   a   large   house   upon   a   single   brick   to   be   sure   that   there   was   an 

iceberg sea here; just because I see a few curlicues in the gravel and sand 

then I must tell you that there are sometimesnot often; but sometimes 

pages in Madam How's book in which one single letter tells you as much 

as a whole chapter; in which if you find one little fact; and know what it 

really means; it makes you certain that a thousand other great facts have 

happened。       You may be astonished:            but you cannot deny your own eyes; 

and   your   own   common   sense。           You   feel   like   Robinson   Crusoe   when; 

walking along the shore of his desert island; he saw for the first time the 

print of a man's foot in the sand。            How it could have got there without a 

miracle   he   could   not   dream。      But   there   it   was。   One   footprint   was   as 

good   as   the   footprints   of   a   whole   army   would   have   been。      A  man   had 

been there; and more men might come。 And in fear of the savagesand if 

you   have   read   Robinson   Crusoe   you   know   how   just   his   fears   werehe 

went home trembling and loaded his muskets; and barricaded his cave; and 

passed   sleepless   nights   watching   for   the   savages   who   might   come;   and 

who came after all。 

     And     so   there   are  certain    footprints    in  geology     which     there   is  no 

mistaking; and the prints of the ice…plough are among them。 



                                   

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