theologico-political treatise p3(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿3)-µÚ7ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
supernatural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡intelligence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡unwilling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡yield¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡palm¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
knowledge¡¡to¡¡philosophers¡¡who¡¡have¡¡only¡¡their¡¡ordinary£»¡¡faculties£»¡¡still¡¡I¡¡
should¡¡be¡¡surprised¡¡if¡¡I¡¡found¡¡them¡¡teaching¡¡any¡¡new¡¡speculative¡¡doctrine£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡18¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡19¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡Political¡¡Treatise¡¡
which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡commonplace¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡Gentile¡¡¡¡¡¡philosophers¡¡¡¡¡¡whom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
spite¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡stigmatize¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡blind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for£»¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡inquires¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡
mysteries¡¡lurking¡¡in¡¡Scripture¡¡may¡¡be£»¡¡one¡¡is¡¡confronted¡¡with¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡
the¡¡reflections¡¡of¡¡Plato¡¡or¡¡Aristotle£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡like£»¡¡which¡¡it¡¡would¡¡often¡¡be¡¡
easier¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡ignorant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡dream¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡accomplished¡¡
scholar¡¡to¡¡wrest¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bible¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨7£©¡¡However£»¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡affirm¡¡absolutely¡¡that¡¡Scripture¡¡contains¡¡
no¡¡doctrines¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡philosophy£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡chapter¡¡I¡¡pointed¡¡
out¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡kind£»¡¡as¡¡fundamental¡¡principles£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡go¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡to¡¡say¡¡
that¡¡such¡¡doctrines¡¡are¡¡very¡¡few¡¡and¡¡very¡¡simple¡£¡¡£¨8£©¡¡Their¡¡precise¡¡nature¡¡
and¡¡definition¡¡I¡¡will¡¡now¡¡set¡¡forth¡£¡¡£¨9£©¡¡The¡¡task¡¡will¡¡be¡¡easy£»¡¡for¡¡we¡¡know¡¡
that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Scripture¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡aim¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡imparting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡scientific¡¡¡¡¡¡knowledge£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡
therefore£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡demands¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡obedience£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡censures¡¡
obstinacy£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡ignorance¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨10£©¡¡Furthermore£»¡¡as¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡God¡¡consists¡¡solely¡¡in¡¡love¡¡to¡¡our¡¡
neighbour¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡whosoever¡¡¡¡¡¡loveth¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡neighbour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡obeying¡¡
God£»¡¡hath£»¡¡as¡¡St¡£¡¡Paul¡¡says¡¡£¨Rom¡£¡¡xiii£º8£©£»¡¡fulfilled¡¡the¡¡law£»¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡follows¡¡that¡¡
no¡¡knowledge¡¡is¡¡commended¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Bible¡¡save¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡for¡¡
enabling¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡manner¡¡¡¡¡¡stated£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
they¡¡would¡¡become¡¡rebellious£»¡¡or¡¡without¡¡the¡¡discipline¡¡of¡¡obedience¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨11£©¡¡Other¡¡speculative¡¡questions£»¡¡which¡¡have¡¡no¡¡direct¡¡bearing¡¡on¡¡this¡¡
object£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡concerned¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡knowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡events£»¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡
affect¡¡Scripture£»¡¡and¡¡should¡¡be¡¡entirely¡¡separated¡¡from¡¡religion¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨12£©¡¡Now£»¡¡though¡¡everyone£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have¡¡said£»¡¡is¡¡now¡¡quite¡¡able¡¡to¡¡see¡¡
this¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡nevertheless¡¡¡¡¡¡wish£»¡¡¡¡¡¡considering¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
whole¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Religion¡¡¡¡¡¡depends¡¡¡¡¡¡thereon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡explain¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡entire¡¡¡¡¡¡question¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡
accurately¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡clearly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨13£©¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡prove¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡the¡¡
intellectual¡¡or¡¡accurate¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡God¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡gift£»¡¡bestowed¡¡upon¡¡all¡¡
good¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡obedience£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡further£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡knowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡
required¡¡by¡¡Him¡¡through¡¡His¡¡prophets¡¡from¡¡everyone¡¡without¡¡exception£»¡¡
as¡¡needful¡¡to¡¡be¡¡known£»¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡a¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡His¡¡Divine¡¡justice¡¡and¡¡
charity¡£¡¡£¨14£©¡¡Both¡¡these¡¡points¡¡are¡¡easily¡¡proved¡¡from¡¡Scripture¡£¡¡£¨15£©¡¡The¡¡
first¡¡plainly¡¡follows¡¡from¡¡Exodus¡¡vi£º2£»¡¡where¡¡God£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡show¡¡the¡¡
singular¡¡grace¡¡bestowed¡¡upon¡¡Moses£»¡¡says¡¡to¡¡him£º¡¡¡¨And¡¡I¡¡appeared¡¡unto¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡19¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡20¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡Political¡¡Treatise¡¡
Abraham£»¡¡unto¡¡Isaac£»¡¡and¡¡unto¡¡Jacob¡¡by¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡El¡¡Sadai¡¡£¨A¡£¡¡V¡£¡¡God¡¡
Almighty£©£»¡¡but¡¡by¡¡my¡¡name¡¡Jehovah¡¡was¡¡I¡¡not¡¡known¡¡to¡¡them¡¨¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡the¡¡
better¡¡¡¡¡¡understanding¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡passage¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡remark¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡El¡¡¡¡¡¡Sadai£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
Hebrew£»¡¡signifies¡¡the¡¡God¡¡who¡¡suffices£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡He¡¡gives¡¡to¡¡every¡¡man¡¡that¡¡
which¡¡¡¡¡¡suffices¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡Sadai¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡used¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡itself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
signify¡¡God£»¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡the¡¡word¡¡El¡¡£¨God£»¡¡£ûpower£»¡¡might£ý£©¡¡is¡¡
everywhere¡¡¡¡¡¡understood¡£¡¡¡¡£¨16£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Furthermore£»¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡note¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡Jehovah¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
the¡¡only¡¡word¡¡found¡¡in¡¡Scripture¡¡with¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡absolute¡¡essence¡¡
of¡¡God£»¡¡without¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡created¡¡things¡£¡¡£¨17£©¡¡The¡¡Jews¡¡maintain£»¡¡for¡¡
this¡¡reason£»¡¡that¡¡this¡¡is£»¡¡strictly¡¡speaking£»¡¡the¡¡only¡¡name¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡
rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡words¡¡used¡¡are¡¡merely¡¡titles£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡truth£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡names¡¡of¡¡
God£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡substantives¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡adjectives£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡¡¡attributive£»¡¡
and¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡Him£»¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡He¡¡is¡¡conceived¡¡of¡¡in¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡created¡¡
things£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡manifested¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡El£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡Eloah£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡signifies¡¡
powerful£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡known£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡applies¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡respect¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡
supremacy£»¡¡as¡¡when¡¡we¡¡call¡¡Paul¡¡an¡¡apostle£»¡¡the¡¡faculties¡¡of¡¡his¡¡power¡¡are¡¡
set¡¡forth¡¡in¡¡an¡¡accompanying¡¡adjective£»¡¡as¡¡El£»¡¡great£»¡¡awful£»¡¡just£»¡¡merciful£»¡¡
&c¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡else¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡understood¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡El¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡plural¡¡
number£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡singular¡¡signification£»¡¡an¡¡expression¡¡frequently¡¡adopted¡¡in¡¡
Scripture¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£©¡¡Now£»¡¡as¡¡God¡¡tells¡¡Moses¡¡that¡¡He¡¡was¡¡not¡¡known¡¡to¡¡the¡¡patriarchs¡¡
by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Jehovah£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡follows¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡cognizant¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡
attribute¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡expresses¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡absolute¡¡¡¡¡¡essence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡
deeds¡¡and¡¡promises¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡of¡¡His¡¡power£»¡¡as¡¡manifested¡¡in¡¡visible¡¡things¡£¡¡
£¨20£©¡¡God¡¡does¡¡not¡¡thus¡¡speak¡¡to¡¡Moses¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡accuse¡¡the¡¡patriarchs¡¡of¡¡
infidelity£»¡¡but£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡means¡¡of¡¡extolling¡¡their¡¡belief¡¡and¡¡faith£»¡¡
inasmuch¡¡as£»¡¡though¡¡they¡¡possessed¡¡no¡¡extraordinary¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡God¡¡
£¨such¡¡as¡¡Moses¡¡had£©£»¡¡they¡¡yet¡¡accepted¡¡His¡¡promises¡¡as¡¡fixed¡¡and¡¡certain£»¡¡
whereas¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Moses£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡thoughts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exalted£»¡¡
nevertheless¡¡doubted¡¡about¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡promises£»¡¡and¡¡complained¡¡to¡¡God¡¡
that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡instead¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡promised¡¡¡¡¡¡deliverance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡prospects¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Israelites¡¡
had¡¡darkened¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨21£©¡¡As¡¡the¡¡patriarchs¡¡did¡¡not¡¡know¡¡the¡¡distinctive¡¡name¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡
as¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡mentions¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Moses£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡praise¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡faith¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡single¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡20¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡21¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡Political¡¡Treatise¡¡
heartedness£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡contrast¡¡to¡¡the¡¡extraordinary¡¡grace¡¡granted¡¡to¡¡Moses£»¡¡it¡¡
follows£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡stated¡¡at¡¡first£»¡¡that¡¡men¡¡are¡¡not¡¡bound¡¡by£»¡¡decree¡¡to¡¡have¡¡
knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡attributes¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡such¡¡knowledge¡¡being¡¡only¡¡granted¡¡to¡¡
a¡¡¡¡few¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡faithful£º¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡hardly¡¡¡¡worth¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡quote¡¡¡¡¡¡further¡¡¡¡¡¡examples¡¡
from¡¡Scripture£»¡¡for¡¡everyone¡¡must¡¡recognize¡¡that¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡God¡¡is¡¡not¡¡
equal¡¡among¡¡all¡¡good¡¡men¡£¡¡£¨22£©¡¡Moreover£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡ordered¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
wise¡¡any¡¡more¡¡than¡¡he¡¡can¡¡be¡¡ordered¡¡to¡¡live¡¡and¡¡exist¡£¡¡£¨23£©¡¡Men£»¡¡women£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡alike¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡¡¡by£»¡¡¡¡¡¡commandment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
wise¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡tell¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡understand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Divine¡¡
attributes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡believe¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡simply£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡proof£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
plainly£»¡¡trifling¡£¡¡£¨24£©¡¡For¡¡what¡¡is¡¡invisible¡¡and¡¡can¡¡only£»¡¡be¡¡perceived¡¡by¡¡
the¡¡mind£»¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡apprehended¡¡by¡¡any£»¡¡other¡¡means¡¡than¡¡proofs£»¡¡if¡¡these¡¡
are¡¡absent¡¡the¡¡object¡¡remains¡¡ungrasped£»¡¡the¡¡repetition¡¡of¡¡what¡¡has¡¡been¡¡
heard¡¡on¡¡such¡¡subjects¡¡no¡¡more¡¡indicates¡¡or¡¡attains¡¡to¡¡their¡¡meaning¡¡than¡¡
the¡¡words¡¡of¡¡a¡¡parrot¡¡or¡¡a¡¡puppet¡¡speaking¡¡without¡¡sense¡¡or¡¡signification¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨25£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Before¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡proceed¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡ought¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡explain¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡comes¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡
often¡¡told¡¡in¡¡Genesis¡¡that¡¡the¡¡patriarchs¡¡preached¡¡in¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Jehovah£»¡¡
this¡¡being¡¡in¡¡plain¡¡contradiction¡¡to¡¡the¡¡text¡¡above¡¡quoted¡£¡¡£¨26£©¡¡A¡¡reference¡¡
to¡¡what¡¡was¡¡said¡¡in¡¡Chap¡£¡¡VIII¡£¡¡will¡¡readily¡¡explain¡¡the¡¡difficulty¡£¡¡£¨27£©¡¡It¡¡
was¡¡there¡¡shown¡¡that¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Pentateuch¡¡did¡¡not¡¡always¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡
things¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡places¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡names¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡bore¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡times¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
writing£»¡¡but¡¡by¡¡the¡¡names¡¡best¡¡known¡¡to¡¡his¡¡contemporaries¡£¡¡£¨28£©¡¡God¡¡is¡¡
thus¡¡said¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Pentateuch¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡preached¡¡by¡¡the¡¡patriarchs¡¡under¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Jehovah£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
patriarchs¡¡