the dominion of the air-第54章
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ur time in watching preparations。 The vaseline （for soaking the guide ropes） caught fire to…day； but； luckily no rope was in the pot。〃
But the wind as yet was contrary； and day after day passed without any shift to a favourable quarter； until the captain of the ship which had conveyed them was compelled to bring matters to an issue by saying that they must return home without delay if he was to avoid getting frozen in for the winter。 The balloon had now remained inflated for twenty…one days； and Dr。 Ekholm； calculating that the leakage of gas amounted to nearly 1 per cent。 per day； became distrustful of the capability of such a vessel to cope with such a voyage as had been aimed at。 The party had now no choice but to return home with their balloon； leaving； however； the shed and gas…generating apparatus for another occasion。
This occasion came the following summer； when the dauntless explorers returned to their task； leaving Gothenburg on May 28th； 1897； in a vessel lent by the King of Sweden； and reaching Dane's Island on the 30th of the same month。 Dr。 Ekholm had retired from the enterprise； but in his place were two volunteers； Messrs。 Frankel and Svedenborg； the latter as 〃odd man；〃 to fill the place of any of the other three who might be prevented from making the final venture。
It was found that the shed had suffered during the winter； and some time was spent in making the repairs and needful preparation； so that the month of June was half over before all was in readiness for the inflation。 This operation was then accomplished in four days； and by midnight of June 22nd the balloon was at her moorings； full and in readiness； but； as in the previous year； the wind was contrary； and remained so for nearly three weeks。 This； of course； was a less serious matter； inasmuch as the voyagers were a month earlier with their preparation； but so long a delay must needs have told prejudicially against the buoyancy of the balloon； and Andree is hardly to be blamed for having； in the end； committed himself to a wind that was not wholly favourable。
The wind； if entirely from the right direction； should have been due south； but on July 11th it had veered to a direction somewhat west of south； and Andree； tolerating no further delay； seized this as his best opportunity； and with a wind 〃whistling through the woodwork of the shed and flapping the canvas；〃 accompanied by Frankel and Svedenborg； started on his ill…fated voyage。
A telegram which Andree wrote for the Press at that epoch ran thus：〃 At this moment； 2。30 p。m。； we are ready to start。 We shall probably be driven in a north…north…easterly direction。〃
On July 22nd a carrier pigeon was recovered by the fishing boat Alken between North Cape； Spitzbergen； and Seven Islands； bearing a message； 〃July 13th； 12。30 p。m。； 82 degrees 2 minutes north lat。； 15 degrees 5 minutes east long。 Good journey eastward。 All goes well on board。 Andree。〃
Not till August 31st was there picked up in the Arctic zone a buoy； which is preserved in the Museum of Stockholm。 It bears the message； 〃Buoy No。 4。 First to be thrown out。 11th July； 10 p。m。； Greenwich mean time。 All well up till now。 We are pursuing our course at an altitude of about 250 metres Direction at first northerly 10 degrees east； later； northerly 45 degrees east。 Four carrier pigeons were despatched at 5。40 p。m。 They flew westwards。 We are now above the ice； which is very cut up in all directions。 Weather splendid。 In excellent spirits。Andree； Svedenborg； Frankel。 （Postscript later on。） Above the clouds； 7。45； Greenwich mean time。〃
According to Reuter； the Anthropological and Geological Society at Stockholm received the following telegram from a ship owner at Mandal：〃Captain Hueland； of the steamship Vaagen who arrived there on Monday morning； reports that when off Kola Fjord； Iceland； in 65 degrees 34 minutes north lat。； 21 degrees 28 minutes west long。； on May 14th he found a drifting buoy； marked 'No。 7。' Inside the buoy was a capsule marked 'Andree's Polar Expedition；' containing a slip of paper； on which was given the following： 'Drifting Buoy No。 7。 This buoy was thrown out from Andree's balloon on July 11th 1897； 10。55 p。m。； Greenwich mean time； 82 degrees north lat。； 25 degrees east lon。 We are at an altitude of 600 metres。 All well。Andree； Svedenborg； Frankel。' 〃
Commenting on the first message； Mr。 Percival Spencer says：〃I cannot place reliance upon the accuracy of either the date or else the lat。 and long。 given； as I am confident that the balloon would have travelled a greater distance in two days。〃 It should be noted that Dane's Island lies in 79 degrees 30 minutes north lat。 and 10 degrees 10 minutes east long。
Mr。 Spencer's opinion； carefully considered and expressed eighteen months afterwards； will be read with real interest：
〃The distance from Dane's Island to the Pole is about 750 miles； and to Alaska on the other side about 1；500 miles。 The course of the balloon； however； was not direct to the Pole； but towards Franz Josef Land （about 600 miles） and to the Siberian coast （another 800 miles）。 Judging from the description of the wind at the start； and comparing it with my own ballooning experience； I estimate its speed as 40 miles per hour； and it will； therefore； be evident that a distance of 2；000 miles would be covered in 50 hours； that is two days and two hours after the start。 I regard all theories as to the balloon being capable of remaining in the air for a month as illusory。 No free balloon has ever remained aloft for more than 36 hours； but with the favourable conditions at the northern regions （where the sun does not set and where the temperature remains equable） a balloon might remain in the air for double the length of time which I consider ample for the purpose of Polar exploration。〃
A record of the direction of the wind was made after Andree's departure； and proved that there was a fluctuation in direction from S。W。 to N。W。； indicating that the voyagers may have been borne across towards Siberia。 This； however； can be but surmise。 All aeronauts of experience know that it is an exceedingly difficult manoeuvre to keep a trail rope dragging on the ground if it is desirable to prevent contact with the earth on the one hand； or on the other to avoid loss of gas。 A slight increase of temperature or drying off of condensed moisture mayindeed； is sure to after a whilelift the rope off the ground； in which case the balloon； rising into upper levels； may be borne away on currents which may be of almost any direction； and of which the observer below may know nothing。 As to the actual divergence from the wind's direction which a trail rope and side sail might be hoped to effect； it may be confidently stated that； notwithstanding some wonderful accounts that have gone abroad； it must not be relied on as commonly amounting to much more than one or； at the most； two points。
Although it is to be feared that trustworthy information as to the ultimate destination of Andree's balloon may never be gained； yet we may safely state that his ever famous； though regrettable； voyage was the longest in duration ever attained。 At the end of 48 hours his vessel would seem to have been still well up and going strong。 The only other previous voyage that had in duration of travel approached this record was that made by M。 Mallet； in 1892； and maintained for 36 hours。 Next we may mention that of M。 Herve； in 1886； occupying 24 1/2 hours； which feat； however； was almost equal led by the great Leipzig balloon in 1897； which； with eight people in the car； remained up for 24 1/4 hours； and did not touch earth till 1；032 miles had been traversed。
The fabric of Andree's balloon may not be considered to have been the best for such an exceptional purpose。 Dismissing considerations of cost； goldbeaters' skin would doubtless have been more suitable。 The military balloons at Aldershot are made of this； and one such balloon has been known to remain inflated for three months with very little loss。 It is conceivable； therefore； that the chances of the voyagers； whose ultimate safety depended so largely upon the staying power of their aerial vessel； might have been considerably increas
