±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù) >

µÚ8ÕÂ

war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù)-µÚ8ÕÂ

С˵£º war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡






¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡21¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡22¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



lodgers¡¡and¡¡scores¡¡were¡¡still¡¡unaccommodated¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡again£º¡¡¡¨And¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡confessed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡is¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡

do¡¡honest¡¡labor¡¡for¡¡food¡¡and¡¡shelter¡¡is¡¡a¡¡rare¡¡specimen¡¡in¡¡this¡¡vast¡¡army¡¡of¡¡

shabby¡¡and¡¡tattered¡¡wanderers¡¡who¡¡seek¡¡the¡¡warmth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡¡with¡¡the¡¡

coming¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡snow¡£¡¨¡¡Taking¡¡into¡¡consideration¡¡the¡¡crowd¡¡of¡¡honest¡¡

laborers¡¡that¡¡swamped¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡O'Neil's¡¡¡¡¡¡station¡­house¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ice¡­¡¡

cutting£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡patent£»¡¡if¡¡all¡¡tramps¡¡were¡¡looking¡¡for¡¡honest¡¡labor¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡a¡¡

small¡¡¡¡¡¡minority£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡honest¡¡¡¡¡¡laborers¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡harder¡¡¡¡¡¡task¡¡

finding¡¡something¡¡honest¡¡to¡¡do¡¡for¡¡food¡¡and¡¡shelter¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

honest¡¡laborers¡¡who¡¡swamped¡¡Mr¡£¡¡O'Neil's¡¡station¡­house¡¡were¡¡asked£»¡¡one¡¡

could¡¡rest¡¡confident¡¡that¡¡each¡¡and¡¡every¡¡man¡¡would¡¡express¡¡a¡¡preference¡¡

for¡¡fewer¡¡honest¡¡laborers¡¡on¡¡the¡¡morrow¡¡when¡¡he¡¡asked¡¡the¡¡ice¡¡foreman¡¡

for¡¡a¡¡job¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And£»¡¡¡¡¡¡finally£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡O'Neil¡¡¡¡¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡humane¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡generous¡¡¡¡¡¡treatment¡¡

which¡¡this¡¡city¡¡has¡¡accorded¡¡the¡¡great¡¡army¡¡of¡¡homeless¡¡unfortunates¡¡has¡¡

made¡¡it¡¡the¡¡victim¡¡of¡¡wholesale¡¡imposition£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡well¡­¡¡intended¡¡policy¡¡

of¡¡kindness¡¡has¡¡resulted¡¡in¡¡making¡¡Chicago¡¡the¡¡winter¡¡Mecca¡¡of¡¡a¡¡vast¡¡and¡¡

undesirable¡¡floating¡¡population¡£¡¨¡¡That¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡because¡¡of¡¡her¡¡kindness£»¡¡

Chicago¡¡had¡¡more¡¡than¡¡her¡¡fair¡¡share¡¡of¡¡tramps£»¡¡because¡¡she¡¡was¡¡humane¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡generous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡suffered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡­sale¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡imposition¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡

conclude¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡HUMANE¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡GENEROUS¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡

fellow¡­menwhen¡¡they¡¡are¡¡tramps¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡O'Neil¡¡is¡¡right£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡this¡¡is¡¡no¡¡

sophism¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡intention¡¡of¡¡this¡¡article£»¡¡among¡¡other¡¡things£»¡¡to¡¡show¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡draw¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡following¡¡¡¡¡¡inferences¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

remarks¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡O'Neil£º¡¡£¨1£©¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡tramp¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡stronger¡¡than¡¡organized¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡

and¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡put¡¡down£»¡¡£¨2£©¡¡The¡¡tramp¡¡is¡¡¡¨shabby£»¡¨¡¡¡¨tattered£»¡¨¡¡¡¨homeless£»¡¨¡¡

¡¨unfortunate¡¨£»¡¡£¨3£©¡¡There¡¡is¡¡a¡¡¡¨vast¡¨¡¡number¡¡of¡¡tramps£»¡¡£¨4£©¡¡Very¡¡few¡¡tramps¡¡

are¡¡¡¡¡¡willing¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡honest¡¡¡¡¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨5£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡¡¡¡¡tramps¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡willing¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡

honest¡¡work¡¡have¡¡to¡¡hunt¡¡very¡¡hard¡¡to¡¡find¡¡it£»¡¡£¨6£©¡¡The¡¡tramp¡¡is¡¡undesirable¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡contention¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡appended¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tramp¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡

PERSONALLY¡¡undesirable£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡is¡¡NEGATIVELY¡¡desirable£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

function¡¡he¡¡performs¡¡in¡¡society¡¡is¡¡a¡¡negative¡¡function£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡he¡¡is¡¡the¡¡

by¡­product¡¡of¡¡economic¡¡necessity¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡easy¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡demonstrate¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡22¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡23¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



work¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡instance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡happen¡¡¡¡¡¡tomorrow¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡

hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tramps¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suddenly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inspired¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

overmastering¡¡¡¡¡¡desire¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡work£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡fair¡¡¡¡¡¡question¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Go¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

preached¡¡to¡¡the¡¡tramp¡¡every¡¡day¡¡of¡¡his¡¡life¡£¡¡The¡¡judge¡¡on¡¡the¡¡bench£»¡¡the¡¡

pedestrian¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡street£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡housewife¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡kitchen¡¡¡¡¡¡door£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡unite¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

advising¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡happen¡¡¡¡¡¡tomorrow¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡

hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tramps¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡acted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡advice¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡strenuously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

indomitably¡¡¡¡¡¡sought¡¡¡¡¡¡work£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡Why£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡week¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡

thousand¡¡¡¡¡¡workers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡places¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tramps£»¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

time¡¡and¡¡be¡¡¡¨hitting¡¡the¡¡road¡¨¡¡for¡¡a¡¡job¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ella¡¡Wheeler¡¡Wilcox¡¡unwittingly¡¡and¡¡uncomfortably¡¡demonstrated¡¡the¡¡

disparity¡¡between¡¡men¡¡and¡¡work¡£¡¡£û1£ý¡¡She¡¡made¡¡a¡¡casual¡¡reference£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡

newspaper¡¡column¡¡she¡¡conducts£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡difficulty¡¡two¡¡business¡¡men¡¡found¡¡

in¡¡obtaining¡¡good¡¡employees¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡morning¡¡mail¡¡brought¡¡her¡¡seventy¡­¡¡

five¡¡applications¡¡for¡¡the¡¡position£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡two¡¡weeks¡¡over¡¡two¡¡

hundred¡¡people¡¡had¡¡applied¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Still¡¡more¡¡strikingly¡¡was¡¡the¡¡same¡¡proposition¡¡recently¡¡demonstrated¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡San¡¡¡¡¡¡Francisco¡£¡¡A¡¡¡¡sympathetic¡¡¡¡¡¡strike¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡federation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

trades'¡¡unions¡£¡¡Thousands¡¡of¡¡men£»¡¡in¡¡many¡¡branches¡¡of¡¡trade£»¡¡quit¡¡work£»¡¡

draymen£»¡¡sand¡¡teamsters£»¡¡porters¡¡and¡¡packers£»¡¡longshoremen£»¡¡stevedores£»¡¡

warehousemen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡stationary¡¡¡¡¡¡engineers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sailors£»¡¡¡¡¡¡marine¡¡¡¡¡¡firemen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡stewards£»¡¡

sea¡­cooks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡forth£»an¡¡¡¡¡¡interminable¡¡¡¡¡¡list¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡strike¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡

proportions¡£¡¡Every¡¡Pacific¡¡coast¡¡shipping¡¡city¡¡was¡¡involved£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡

coasting¡¡service£»¡¡¡¡from¡¡San¡¡¡¡¡¡Diego¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡Puget¡¡¡¡¡¡Sound£»¡¡¡¡was¡¡virtually¡¡¡¡tied¡¡up¡£¡¡

The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡considered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡auspicious¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Philippines¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Alaska¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡

drained¡¡the¡¡Pacific¡¡coast¡¡of¡¡surplus¡¡labor¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡summer¡­time£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡

agricultural¡¡¡¡¡¡demand¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡laborers¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡height£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cities¡¡

were¡¡bare¡¡of¡¡their¡¡floating¡¡populations¡£¡¡And¡¡yet¡¡there¡¡remained¡¡a¡¡body¡¡of¡¡

surplus¡¡labor¡¡sufficient¡¡to¡¡take¡¡the¡¡places¡¡of¡¡the¡¡strikers¡£¡¡No¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡

occupation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sea¡­cook¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stationary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡engineer£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡teamster¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡

warehouseman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡idle¡¡¡¡¡¡worker¡¡¡¡¡¡ready¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

work¡£¡¡And¡¡not¡¡only¡¡ready¡¡but¡¡anxious¡£¡¡They¡¡fought¡¡for¡¡a¡¡chance¡¡to¡¡work¡£¡¡

Men¡¡were¡¡killed£»¡¡hundreds¡¡of¡¡heads¡¡were¡¡broken£»¡¡the¡¡hospitals¡¡were¡¡filled¡¡

with¡¡¡¡¡¡injured¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡thousands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡assaults¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡committed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡23¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡24¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



surplus¡¡laborers£»¡¡¡¨scabs£»¡¨¡¡came¡¡forward¡¡to¡¡replace¡¡the¡¡strikers¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡question¡¡¡¡¡¡arises£º¡¡¡¡¡¡WHENCE¡¡¡¡¡¡CAME¡¡¡¡¡¡THIS¡¡¡¡¡¡SECOND¡¡¡¡ARMY¡¡¡¡¡¡OF¡¡

WORKERS¡¡TO¡¡REPLACE¡¡THE¡¡FIRST¡¡ARMY£¿¡¡One¡¡thing¡¡is¡¡certain£º¡¡the¡¡

trades'¡¡¡¡¡¡unions¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡scab¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡£¡¡Another¡¡¡¡¡¡thing¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡certain£º¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

industry¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Pacific¡¡¡¡¡¡slope¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡crippled¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡slightest¡¡¡¡¡¡degree¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡

workers¡¡being¡¡drawn¡¡away¡¡to¡¡fill¡¡the¡¡places¡¡of¡¡the¡¡strikers¡£¡¡A¡¡third¡¡thing¡¡is¡¡

certain£º¡¡the¡¡agricultural¡¡workers¡¡did¡¡not¡¡flock¡¡to¡¡the¡¡cities¡¡to¡¡replace¡¡the¡¡

strikers¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡last¡¡instance¡¡it¡¡is¡¡worth¡¡while¡¡to¡¡note¡¡that¡¡the¡¡agricultural¡¡

laborers¡¡wailed¡¡to¡¡High¡¡Heaven¡¡when¡¡a¡¡few¡¡of¡¡the¡¡strikers¡¡went¡¡into¡¡the¡¡

country¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡compete¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡unskilled¡¡¡¡¡¡employments¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

accounting¡¡for¡¡this¡¡second¡¡army¡¡of¡¡workers¡£¡¡It¡¡simply¡¡was¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡there¡¡all¡¡

this¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡surplus¡¡¡¡¡¡labor¡¡¡¡¡¡army¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Lord¡¡¡¡¡¡1901£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡

adjudged¡¡most¡¡prosperous¡¡in¡¡the¡¡annals¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¡£û2£ý¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡existence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡surplus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡labor¡¡¡¡¡¡army¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡established£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡

remains¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡established¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡economic¡¡¡¡¡¡necessity¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡surplus¡¡¡¡¡¡labor¡¡

army¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡simplest¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡obvious¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

fluctuation¡¡of¡¡production¡£¡¡If£»¡¡when¡¡production¡¡is¡¡at¡¡low¡¡ebb£»¡¡all¡¡men¡¡are¡¡at¡¡

work£»¡¡it¡¡necessarily¡¡follows¡¡that¡¡when¡¡production¡¡increases¡¡there¡¡will¡¡be¡¡

no¡¡men¡¡to¡¡do¡¡the¡¡increased¡¡work¡£¡¡This¡¡may¡¡seem¡¡almost¡¡childish£»¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡

not¡¡childish£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡easily¡¡remedied¡£¡¡At¡¡low¡¡ebb¡¡let¡¡the¡¡men¡¡work¡¡shorter¡¡

time£»¡¡at¡¡high¡¡flood¡¡let¡¡them¡¡work¡¡overtime¡£¡¡The¡¡main¡¡objection¡¡to¡¡this¡¡is£»¡¡

that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡done£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡we¡¡are¡¡considering¡¡what¡¡is£»¡¡not¡¡what¡¡might¡¡be¡¡

or¡¡should¡¡be¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡there¡¡are¡¡great¡¡irregular¡¡and¡¡periodical¡¡demands¡¡for¡¡labor¡¡which¡¡

must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡met¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Under¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡head¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡big¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡building¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

engineering¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enterprises¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡canal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡dug¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡railroad¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡put¡¡

through£»¡¡requiring¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡laborers£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡hurtful¡¡to¡¡withdraw¡¡

these¡¡laborers¡¡from¡¡the¡¡constant¡¡industries¡£¡¡And¡¡whether¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡canal¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

dug¡¡or¡¡a

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ